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Kendil W, Dergal F, Tefiani I, Mahdad YM, Benladghem Z, Ziani-Cherif C, Seddiki SML. Improvement of a low-cost protocol for a simultaneous comparative evaluation of hydrolytic activity between sessile and planktonic cells: Candida albicans as a study model. BIOFOULING 2024; 40:431-445. [PMID: 38973173 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2024.2376637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Candida albicans is often implicated in nosocomial infections with fatal consequences. Its virulence is contributed to hydrolytic enzymes and biofilm formation. Previous research focused on studying these virulence factors individually. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the impact of biofilm formation on the hydrolytic activity using an adapted low-cost method. Eleven strains of C. albicans were used. The biofilms were formed on pre-treated silicone discs using 24-well plates and then deposited on the appropriate agar to test each enzyme, while the planktonic cells were conventionally seeded. Biofilms were analysed using Raman spectroscopy, fluorescent and scanning electron microscopy. The adapted method provided an evaluation of hydrolytic enzymes activity in C. albicans biofilm and showed that sessile cells had a higher phospholipase and proteinase activities compared with planktonic cells. These findings were supported by spectroscopic and microscopic analyses, which provided valuable insights into the virulence mechanisms of C. albicans during biofilm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wafaa Kendil
- Antifungal Antibiotic: Physico-Chemical Synthesis and Biological Activity Laboratory (LAPSAB), Biology Department, University of Tlemcen, Tlemcen, Algeria
| | - Fayçal Dergal
- Scientific and Technical Research Center in Physico-Chemical Analysis (CRAPC), Tipaza, Algeria
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Synthesis in Organic Chemistry (LCSCO), Faculty of Sciences, University of Tlemcen, Tlemcen, Algeria
| | - Ikram Tefiani
- Antifungal Antibiotic: Physico-Chemical Synthesis and Biological Activity Laboratory (LAPSAB), Biology Department, University of Tlemcen, Tlemcen, Algeria
| | - Yassine Moustafa Mahdad
- Laboratory for Sustainable Management of Natural Resources in Arid and Semi-Arid Areas, University Center of Naâma, Naâma, Algeria
- Laboratory of Applied Genetic in Agriculture, Ecology and Public Health, University of Tlemcen, Tlemcen, Algeria
| | - Zakaria Benladghem
- Antifungal Antibiotic: Physico-Chemical Synthesis and Biological Activity Laboratory (LAPSAB), Biology Department, University of Tlemcen, Tlemcen, Algeria
- Department of Biology, University of Tamanrasset, Tamanrasset, Algeria
| | - Chewki Ziani-Cherif
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Synthesis in Organic Chemistry (LCSCO), Faculty of Sciences, University of Tlemcen, Tlemcen, Algeria
| | - Sidi Mohammed Lahbib Seddiki
- Antifungal Antibiotic: Physico-Chemical Synthesis and Biological Activity Laboratory (LAPSAB), Biology Department, University of Tlemcen, Tlemcen, Algeria
- Laboratory for Sustainable Management of Natural Resources in Arid and Semi-Arid Areas, University Center of Naâma, Naâma, Algeria
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Souza JGS, Costa Oliveira BE, Costa RC, Bechara K, Cardoso-Filho O, Benso B, Shibli JA, Bertolini M, Barāo VAR. Bacterial-derived extracellular polysaccharides reduce antimicrobial susceptibility on biotic and abiotic surfaces. Arch Oral Biol 2022; 142:105521. [PMID: 35988499 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2022.105521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Extracellular biofilm matrix plays a role in reducing bacterial susceptibility against antimicrobials. Since the surface where biofilm is growing modulates microbial accumulation and bacterial-derived exopolysaccharides (EPS) synthesis, this study compared the role of EPS to reduce antimicrobial susceptibility on biotic (dental surface) and abiotic (titanium (Ti) material) surfaces and the effect of remaining matrix-enriched biofilms to promote bacterial recolonization. DESIGN 48 h Streptococcus mutans UA159 strain biofilms were grown on enamel and Ti surfaces. The medium was supplemented with 1% sucrose, substrate for EPS synthesis, or with 0.5% glucose + 0.5% fructose as control. Chlorhexidine (CHX) 0.2% was used for antimicrobial treatment. Biofilms were collected and the following analyses were considered: viable bacterial counts, biofilm pH, EPS content, and biofilm structure by scanning electron microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Substrate surfaces were analyzed by 3D laser scanning confocal microscope. RESULTS Enamel surface showed a higher amount of EPS content (p < 0.05), which may be explained by the higher bacterial biomass compared to Ti material. EPS content reduced bacterial susceptibility against antimicrobial treatments for both substrates, compared to EPS control (p < 0.05). However, sucrose-treated cells presented the same magnitude of reduction for Ti or enamel. Interestingly, matrix-enriched biofilms favored bacterial recolonization for both substrates. CONCLUSION The surface where the biofilm is growing modulates the amount of EPS synthesized and matrix content plays a key role in reducing antimicrobial susceptibility and promoting bacterial recolonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joāo Gabriel S Souza
- Dental Research Division, Guarulhos University (UNG), Guarulhos, Sāo Paulo, Brazil; Dental Science School (Faculdade de Ciências Odontológicas - FCO), Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | | | - Raphael C Costa
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karen Bechara
- Dental Research Division, Guarulhos University (UNG), Guarulhos, Sāo Paulo, Brazil
| | - Otávio Cardoso-Filho
- Dental Science School (Faculdade de Ciências Odontológicas - FCO), Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Laboratory of Health Science, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (Unimontes), Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Bruna Benso
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jamil Awad Shibli
- Dental Research Division, Guarulhos University (UNG), Guarulhos, Sāo Paulo, Brazil
| | - Martinna Bertolini
- Department of Periodontics and Preventive Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Valentim A R Barāo
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Lacotte PA, Simons A, Bouttier S, Malet-Villemagne J, Nicolas V, Janoir C. Inhibition of In Vitro Clostridioides difficile Biofilm Formation by the Probiotic Yeast Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 through Modification of the Extracellular Matrix Composition. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10061082. [PMID: 35744599 PMCID: PMC9227484 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10061082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Clostridioides difficile is responsible for post-antibiotic diarrhea and most of the pseudomembranous colitis cases. Multiple recurrences, one of the major challenges faced in C. difficile infection (CDI) management, can be considered as chronic infections, and the role of biofilm formation in CDI recurrences is now widely considered. Therefore, we explored if the probiotic yeast Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 could impact the in vitro formation of C. difficile biofilm. Biomass staining and viable bacterial cell quantification showed that live S. boulardii exerts an antagonistic effect on the biofilm formation for the three C. difficile strains tested. Confocal laser scanning microscopy observation revealed a weakening and an average thickness reduction of the biofilm structure when C. difficile is co-incubated with S. boulardii, compared to the single-species bacterial biofilm structure. These effects, that were not detected with another genetically close yeast, S. cerevisiae, seemed to require direct contact between the probiotic yeast and the bacterium. Quantification of the extrapolymeric matrix components, as well as results obtained after DNase treatment, revealed a significant decrease of eDNA, an essential structural component of the C. difficile biofilm matrix, in the dual-species biofilm. This modification could explain the reduced cohesion and robustness of C. difficile biofilms formed in the presence of S. boulardii CNCM I-745 and be involved in S. boulardii clinical preventive effect against CDI recurrences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Alexandre Lacotte
- INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France; (P.-A.L.); (A.S.); (S.B.); (J.M.-V.)
| | - Alexis Simons
- INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France; (P.-A.L.); (A.S.); (S.B.); (J.M.-V.)
- Laboratoire Eau, Environnement et Systèmes Urbains (Leesu), Université Paris-Est Créteil, École des Ponts ParisTech, 94010 Créteil, France
| | - Sylvie Bouttier
- INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France; (P.-A.L.); (A.S.); (S.B.); (J.M.-V.)
| | - Jeanne Malet-Villemagne
- INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France; (P.-A.L.); (A.S.); (S.B.); (J.M.-V.)
| | - Valérie Nicolas
- Ingénierie et Plateformes au Service de l’Innovation (IPSIT), UMS IPSIT Université Paris-Saclay-US 31 INSERM-UAR 3679 CNRS, Plateforme d’Imagerie Cellulaire MIPSIT, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France;
| | - Claire Janoir
- INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France; (P.-A.L.); (A.S.); (S.B.); (J.M.-V.)
- Correspondence:
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Zeng Y, Fadaak A, Alomeir N, Wu TT, Rustchenko E, Qing S, Bao J, Gilbert C, Xiao J. Lactobacillus plantarum Disrupts S. mutans–C. albicans Cross-Kingdom Biofilms. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:872012. [PMID: 35392605 PMCID: PMC8980721 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.872012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental caries, an ecological dysbiosis of oral microflora, initiates from the virulent biofilms formed on tooth surfaces where cariogenic microorganisms metabolize dietary carbohydrates, producing acid that demineralizes tooth enamel. Forming cariogenic biofilms, Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans are well-recognized and emerging pathogens for dental caries. Recently, probiotics have demonstrated their potential in treating biofilm-related diseases, including caries. However, limited studies have assessed their effect on cariogenic bacteria–fungi cross-kingdom biofilm formation and their underlying interactions. Here, we assessed the effect of four probiotic Lactobacillus strains (Lactobacillus rhamnosus ATCC 2836, Lactobacillus plantarum ATCC 8014, Lactobacillus plantarum ATCC 14917, and Lactobacillus salivarius ATCC 11741) on S. mutans and C. albicans using a comprehensive multispecies biofilm model that mimicked high caries risk clinical conditions. Among the tested probiotic species, L. plantarum demonstrated superior inhibition on the growth of C. albicans and S. mutans, disruption of virulent biofilm formation with reduced bacteria and exopolysaccharide (EPS) components, and formation of virulent microcolonies structures. Transcriptome analysis (RNA sequencing) further revealed disruption of S. mutans and C. albicans cross-kingdom interactions with added L. plantarum. Genes of S. mutans and C. albicans involved in metabolic pathways (e.g., EPS formation, carbohydrate metabolism, glycan biosynthesis, and metabolism) were significantly downregulated. More significantly, genes related to C. albicans resistance to antifungal medication (ERG4), fungal cell wall chitin remodeling (CHT2), and resistance to oxidative stress (CAT1) were also significantly downregulated. In contrast, Lactobacillus genes plnD, plnG, and plnN that contribute to antimicrobial peptide plantaricin production were significantly upregulated. Our novel study findings support further assessment of the potential role of probiotic L. plantarum for cariogenic biofilm control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zeng
- Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Ahmed Fadaak
- Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Nora Alomeir
- Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Tong Tong Wu
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Elena Rustchenko
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Shuang Qing
- University of Rochester River Campus, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Jianhang Bao
- Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Christie Gilbert
- Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Jin Xiao
- Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Jin Xiao,
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