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Deshmukh VA, Kühne TD, Gámez JA. GAFF-AIC: reoptimisation of the GAFF force field for realistic densities and viscosities in aromatic isocyanates. MOLECULAR SIMULATION 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/08927022.2023.2178234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas D. Kühne
- Department of Chemistry, Universität Paderborn, Paderborn, Germany
| | - José A. Gámez
- Global Innovation – Digital R&D 2, Covestro Deutschland AG, Leverkusen, Germany
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2
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Kurapati R, Natarajan U. Role of Chemical Linkage in Solvation of Polyurethanes in Organic Solvents Studied by Explicit Molecular Dynamics Simulations. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c02421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raviteja Kurapati
- Macromolecular Modeling and Simulation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Madras, Chennai600036, India
| | - Upendra Natarajan
- Macromolecular Modeling and Simulation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Madras, Chennai600036, India
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Thangaraj R, Horváth T, Boros RZ, Viskolcz B, Szőri M. A Theoretical Study on the Phosgenation of 2,4-Toluenediamine (2,4-TDA). Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14112254. [PMID: 35683928 PMCID: PMC9182759 DOI: 10.3390/polym14112254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Industrially relevant phosgenation mechanisms of 2,4-toluenediamine (2,4-TDA) were investigated using G3MP2B3 model chemistry. Six reaction pathways had been explored, which resulted in the formation of toluene diisocyanate (2,4-TDI) including different scenarios of the ‘phosgenations first’ and ‘consecutive phosgenations’ mechanisms in both gas and condensed phases. Two possible ‘phosgenations first’ mechanisms show superior to the others in terms of energy, regardless of which phases are considered. Due to the o-dichlorobenzene (ODCB) solvation, the reaction barriers are dramatically reduced compared to the gas-phase reaction mechanism and the solvent effect can be described by linear relationship. Standard enthalpy of formation value was also recommended for 2,4-TDA (59.3 kJ/mol) and 2,4-TDI (−94.1 kJ/mol), as well as for the gas-phase intermediates (IM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravikumar Thangaraj
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Miskolc, Miskolc-Egyetemváros A/2, H-3515 Miskolc, Hungary; (R.T.); (T.H.); (B.V.)
- Higher Education and Industrial Cooperation Centre, University of Miskolc, H-3515 Miskolc, Hungary
| | - Tamás Horváth
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Miskolc, Miskolc-Egyetemváros A/2, H-3515 Miskolc, Hungary; (R.T.); (T.H.); (B.V.)
| | | | - Béla Viskolcz
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Miskolc, Miskolc-Egyetemváros A/2, H-3515 Miskolc, Hungary; (R.T.); (T.H.); (B.V.)
- Higher Education and Industrial Cooperation Centre, University of Miskolc, H-3515 Miskolc, Hungary
| | - Milán Szőri
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Miskolc, Miskolc-Egyetemváros A/2, H-3515 Miskolc, Hungary; (R.T.); (T.H.); (B.V.)
- Correspondence:
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Current State and Perspectives of Simulation and Modeling of Aliphatic Isocyanates and Polyisocyanates. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14091642. [PMID: 35566811 PMCID: PMC9099476 DOI: 10.3390/polym14091642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aliphatic isocyanates and polyisocyanates are central molecules in the fabrication of polyurethanes, coatings, and adhesives and, due to their excellent mechanical and stability properties, are continuously investigated in advanced applications; however, despite the growing interest in isocyanate-based systems, atomistic simulations on them have been limited by the lack of accurate parametrizations for these molecular species. In this review, we will first provide an overview of current research on isocyanate systems to highlight their most promising applications, especially in fields far from their typical usage, and to justify the need for further modeling works. Next, we will discuss the state of their modeling, from first-principle studies to atomistic molecular dynamics simulations and coarse-grained approaches, highlighting the recent advances in atomistic modeling. Finally, the most promising lines of research in the modeling of isocyanates are discussed in light of the possibilities opened by novel approaches, such as machine learning.
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Emelianova A, Gor GY. Molecular Simulations of Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium of Isocyanates. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:12528-12538. [PMID: 34735160 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c07132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The wide range of applications of the isocyanates across multiple industries sparks the interest in the study of their phase behavior. A molecular simulation is a powerful tool that can go beyond experimental investigations relying on a molecular structure of a chemical. The success of a molecular simulation relies on a description of the system, namely, force field, and its parameterization on reproducing properties of interest. In this work, we propose a united-atom force field based on the transferable potentials for phase equilibria (TraPPE) to model the vapor-liquid phase behavior of isocyanates. With Monte Carlo and molecular dynamics simulation methods and the introduced force field, we modeled vapor-liquid equilibrium for a family of linear mono-isocyanates, from methyl isocyanate to hexyl isocyanate, and hexamethylene diisocyanate. Additionally, we performed similar calculations for methyl, ethyl, and butyl isocyanates based on the all-atom GAFF-IC force field available in the literature for modeling isocyanate viscosities. We showed that the developed TraPPE-based force field generally overperformed the GAFF-IC force field and overall showed excellent performance in modeling phase behavior of isocyanates. Based on the simulated vapor pressures for the considered compounds, we estimated the Antoine equation parameters to calculate the vapor pressure in a range of temperatures. The predictions are of particular use in the investigation of thermodynamic properties for those isocyanates lacking experimental vapor pressure data. Results can also be employed in modeling the phase behavior of isocyanate mixtures to investigate their sensing and capturing. Furthermore, from the vapor-liquid equilibrium binodals, we predicted the critical properties of isocyanates which can be used in thermodynamic models based on an equation of state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Emelianova
- Otto H. York Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, University Heights, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Gennady Y Gor
- Otto H. York Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, University Heights, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
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Lenzi V, Ramos MMD, Marques LSA. Dissipative particle dynamics simulations of end-cross-linked nanogels. MOLECULAR SIMULATION 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/08927022.2020.1859111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Veniero Lenzi
- Center of Physics of Universities of Minho and Porto, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal
| | - Marta M. D. Ramos
- Center of Physics of Universities of Minho and Porto, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal
| | - Luís S. A. Marques
- Center of Physics of Universities of Minho and Porto, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal
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Cheikh W, Rózsa ZB, Camacho López CO, Mizsey P, Viskolcz B, Szőri M, Fejes Z. Urethane Formation with an Excess of Isocyanate or Alcohol: Experimental and Ab Initio Study. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11101543. [PMID: 31546721 PMCID: PMC6835639 DOI: 10.3390/polym11101543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A kinetic and mechanistic investigation of the alcoholysis of phenyl isocyanate using 1-propanol as the alcohol was undertaken. A molecular mechanism of urethane formation in both alcohol and isocyanate excess is explored using a combination of an accurate fourth generation Gaussian thermochemistry (G4MP2) with the Solvent Model Density (SMD) implicit solvent model. These mechanisms were analyzed from an energetic point of view. According to the newly proposed two-step mechanism for isocyanate excess, allophanate is an intermediate towards urethane formation via six-centered transition state (TS) with a reaction barrier of 62.6 kJ/mol in the THF model. In the next step, synchronous 1,3-H shift between the nitrogens of allophanate and the cleavage of the C–N bond resulted in the release of the isocyanate and the formation of a urethane bond via a low-lying TS with 49.0 kJ/mol energy relative to the reactants. Arrhenius activation energies of the stoichiometric, alcohol excess and the isocyanate excess reactions were experimentally determined by means of HPLC technique. The activation energies for both the alcohol (measured in our recent work) and the isocyanate excess reactions were lower compared to that of the stoichiometric ratio, in agreement with the theoretical calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wafaa Cheikh
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Miskolc, Miskolc-Egyetemváros A/2, H-3515 Miskolc, Hungary.
| | - Zsófia Borbála Rózsa
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Miskolc, Miskolc-Egyetemváros A/2, H-3515 Miskolc, Hungary.
| | | | - Péter Mizsey
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Miskolc, Miskolc-Egyetemváros A/2, H-3515 Miskolc, Hungary.
| | - Béla Viskolcz
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Miskolc, Miskolc-Egyetemváros A/2, H-3515 Miskolc, Hungary.
| | - Milán Szőri
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Miskolc, Miskolc-Egyetemváros A/2, H-3515 Miskolc, Hungary.
| | - Zsolt Fejes
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Miskolc, Miskolc-Egyetemváros A/2, H-3515 Miskolc, Hungary.
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Lenzi V, Driest PJ, Dijkstra DJ, Ramos MM, Marques LS. Investigation on the intermolecular interactions in aliphatic isocyanurate liquids: revealing the importance of dispersion. J Mol Liq 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.01.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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