1
|
Yadav SK, Kumar M, Sharma Y, Shukla P, Singh RS, Banerjee T. Temporal evolution of submicron particles during extreme fireworks. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2019; 191:576. [PMID: 31428877 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-019-7735-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Evolution of submicron particles in terms of particle number concentration and mobility-equivalent diameter was measured during Diwali festival-specific intensive pyrotechnic displays in Varanasi over central Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP). A scanning mobility particle sizer coupled with an optical particle sizer was used to fit in an overlapping size range, and particle number concentration was analyzed to have an insight into the new particle formation and subsequent evolution of particles from nucleation to accumulation mode. Further, variation in black carbon (BC) concentration and aerosol ionic composition was measured simultaneously. Frequent fluctuation in particle number concentration in and around Diwali festival was evidenced, primarily influenced by local emission sources and meteorology, with three distinct peaks in number concentrations (dN/dlogDp, 3.1-4.5 × 104 cm3) coinciding well with peak firework emission period (18:00-23:00 h). Submicron particle size distribution revealed a single peak covering a size range of 80-130 nm, and for all instances, number concentration maximum coincided with geometric mean minimum, indicating the emission primarily in the ultrafine range (< 0.1 μm). Interestingly, during peak firework emissions, besides rise in accumulation mode, an event of new particle formation was identified with increase in nucleation and small Aitken mode, before being dispersed to background aerosols. On an integral scale, a clear distinction was noted between a normal and an episodic event, with a definite shift in the formation of ultrafine particles compared with the accumulation mode. The BC diurnal profile was typical, with a prominent nocturnal peak (12.0 ± 3.9 μg m-3) corresponding to a decrease in the boundary layer height. A slight variation in maximum BC concentration (16.8 μg m-3) was noted in the night of the event coinciding well with firework emissions. An increase in some specific ionic species was also noted in combination with an increase in the overall cation to anion ratio, which was explained in terms of heterogeneous transformation of NOx and catalytic conversion of SO2. Graphical abstract Time-resolved evolution of particle size distribution during normal and episodic events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sunil K Yadav
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, India
| | - Manish Kumar
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Yashasvi Sharma
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, India
| | - Prashant Shukla
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, India
| | - Ram S Singh
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, India
- DST-Mahamana Centre of Excellence in Climate Change Research, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Tirthankar Banerjee
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India.
- DST-Mahamana Centre of Excellence in Climate Change Research, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Queißer M, Burton M, Theys N, Pardini F, Salerno G, Caltabiano T, Varnam M, Esse B, Kazahaya R. TROPOMI enables high resolution SO 2 flux observations from Mt. Etna, Italy, and beyond. Sci Rep 2019; 9:957. [PMID: 30700778 PMCID: PMC6353956 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37807-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The newly launched imaging spectrometer TROPOMI onboard the Sentinel-5 Precursor satellite provides atmospheric column measurements of sulfur dioxide (SO2) and other gases with a pixel resolution of 3.5 × 7 km2. This permits mapping emission plumes from a vast number of natural and anthropogenic emitters with unprecedented sensitivity, revealing sources which were previously undetectable from space. Novel analysis using back-trajectory modelling of satellite-based SO2 columns allows calculation of SO2 flux time series, which would be of great utility and scientific interest if applied globally. Volcanic SO2 emission time series reflect magma dynamics and are used for risk assessment and calculation of the global volcanic CO2 gas flux. TROPOMI data make this flux time series reconstruction approach possible with unprecedented spatiotemporal resolution, but these new data must be tested and validated against ground-based observations. Mt. Etna (Italy) emits SO2 with fluxes ranging typically between 500 and 5000 t/day, measured automatically by the largest network of scanning UV spectrometers in the world, providing the ideal test-bed for this validation. A comparison of three SO2 flux datasets, TROPOMI (one month), ground-network (one month), and ground-traverse (two days) shows acceptable to excellent agreement for most days. The result demonstrates that reliable, nearly real-time, high temporal resolution SO2 flux time series from TROPOMI measurements are possible for Etna and, by extension, other volcanic and anthropogenic sources globally. This suggests that global automated real-time measurements of large numbers of degassing volcanoes world-wide are now possible, revolutionizing the quantity and quality of magmatic degassing data available and insights into volcanic processes to the volcanological community.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Queißer
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M139PL, UK.
| | - Mike Burton
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M139PL, UK
| | - Nicolas Theys
- Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy (BIRA-IASB), Ringlaan-3-Avenue Circulaire B-1180 Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Federica Pardini
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M139PL, UK
| | - Giuseppe Salerno
- Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione di Catania, Piazza Roma, 2, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Tommaso Caltabiano
- Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione di Catania, Piazza Roma, 2, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Matthew Varnam
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M139PL, UK
| | - Benjamin Esse
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M139PL, UK
| | - Ryunosuke Kazahaya
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M139PL, UK
- Geological Survey of Japan, AIST, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8567, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Seng S, Picone AL, Bava YB, Juncal LC, Moreau M, Ciuraru R, George C, Romano RM, Sobanska S, Tobon YA. Photodegradation of methyl thioglycolate particles as a proxy for organosulphur containing droplets. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:19416-19423. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp08658j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Photochemical generation of elemental sulphur and sulphate at the gas–liquid interface by heterogeneous interaction with gaseous O2and H2O.
Collapse
|