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Hsu CY, Chen HY, Hsieh MS, Lee YH, Lan CC, Yang MC. Constrictive pericarditis in a patient with fiberglass lung disease: a case report. BMC Pulm Med 2024; 24:382. [PMID: 39103823 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-024-03192-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fiberglass has a larger aerodynamic diameter and is less likely to be inhaled into the lungs. Further, it will be cleared even if it is mechanically broken into smaller pieces and inhaled into the lungs. Fiberglass lung disease has been well documented if long term exposure but was thought reversible and would not cause severe diseases. The diagnosis of fiberglass lung disease depends on exposure history and histopathological findings. However, the exact occupational exposure history is often difficult to identify because mixed substance exposure often occurs and fiberglass disease is not as well-known as asbestosis. CASE PRESENTATION A 66-year-old man had unexplained transudative pericardial effusion requiring pleural pericardial window operation twice at another medical center where asbestosis was told because of his self-reported long-term asbestosis exposure and the histopathological finding of a ferruginous body in his lung. Constrictive pericarditis developed two years later and resulted in congestive heart failure. Radical pericardiectomy combined with lung biopsy was performed following chest computed tomography imaging and the transudative nature of pericardial effusion not compatible with asbestosis. However, the histopathologic findings of his lung and pericardium at our hospital only showed chronic fibrosis without any asbestosis body. The patient's lung was found to be extremely fragile during a lung biopsy; histopathologic specimens were reviewed, and various fragments of fiberglass were found in the lung and pericardium. The patient's occupational exposure was carefully reevaluated, and he restated that he was only exposed to asbestosis for 1-2 years but was heavily exposed to fiberglass for more than 40 years. This misleading exposure history was mainly because he was only familiar with the dangers of asbestos. Since most fiberglass lung diseases are reversible and the symptoms of heart failure resolve soon after surgery, only observation was needed. Ten months after radical pericardiectomy, his symptoms, pleural effusion, and impaired pulmonary function eventually resolved. CONCLUSION Fiberglass could cause inflammation of the pericardium, resulting in pericardial effusion and constrictive pericarditis, which could be severe and require radical pericardiectomy. Exact exposure history and histopathological examinations are the key to diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan-Yang Hsu
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, 289 Jianguo Rd, Xindian Dist, New Taipei City, 23143, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yi Chen
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, 289 Jianguo Rd, Xindian Dist, New Taipei City, 23143, Taiwan
| | - Min-Shiau Hsieh
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, No. 701, Sec. 3, Zhongyang Rd., Hua-Lien City, 97004, Taiwan
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, 289 Jianguo Rd, Xindian Dist, New Taipei City, 23143, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsin Lee
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, No. 701, Sec. 3, Zhongyang Rd., Hua-Lien City, 97004, Taiwan
- Department of Anatomy Pathology, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, 289 Jianguo Rd, Xindian Dist, New Taipei City, 23143, Taiwan
| | - Chou-Chin Lan
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, 289 Jianguo Rd, Xindian Dist, New Taipei City, 23143, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, No. 701, Sec. 3, Zhongyang Rd., Hua-Lien City, 97004, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Chen Yang
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, 289 Jianguo Rd, Xindian Dist, New Taipei City, 23143, Taiwan.
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, No. 701, Sec. 3, Zhongyang Rd., Hua-Lien City, 97004, Taiwan.
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Okhrimenko DV, Rasmussen KH, Bøtner JA, Ceccato M, Foss M, Solvang M. Dissolution behavior of stone wool fibers in synthetic lung fluids: Impact of iron oxidation state changes induced by heat treatment for binder removal. Toxicol Lett 2024; 393:33-46. [PMID: 38232781 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2024.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Stone wool fiber materials are commonly used for thermal and acoustic insulation, horticulture and filler purposes. Biosolubility of the stone wool fiber (SWF) materials accessed through acellular in vitro dissolution tests can potentially be used in future as an indicator of fiber biopersistence in vivo. To correlate acellular in vitro studies with in vivo and epidemiological investigations, not only a robust dissolution procedure is needed, but fundamental understanding of fiber behavior during sample preparation and dissolution is required. We investigated the influence of heat treatment procedure for binder removal on the SWF iron oxidation state as well as on the SWF dissolution behavior in simulant lung fluids (with and without complexing agents). We used heat treatments at 450 °C for 5 min and 590 °C for 1 h. Both procedures resulted in complete binder removal from the SWF. Changes of iron oxidation state were moderate if binder was removed at 450 °C for 5 min, and there were no substantial changes of SWF's dissolution behavior in all investigated fluids after this heat treatment. In contrast, if binder was removed at 590 °C for 1 h, complete Fe(II) oxidation to Fe(III) was observed and significant increase of dissolution was shown in fluids without complexing agent (citrate). PHREEQC solution speciation modeling showed that in this case, released Fe(III) may form ferrihydrite precipitate in the solution. Precipitation of ferrihydrite solid phase leads to removal of iron cations from the solution, thus shifting reaction towards the dissolution products and increasing total mass loss of fiber samples. This effect is not observed for heat treated fibers if citrate is present in the fluid, because Fe(III) binds with citrate and remains mobile in the solution. Therefore, for developing the most accurate SWF in vitro acellular biosolubility test, SWF heat treatment for binder removal is not recommended in combination with dissolution testing in fluids without citrate as a complexing agent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - K H Rasmussen
- ROCKWOOL A/S, Hovedgaden 584, Hedehusene 2640, Denmark; Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Faculty of Natural Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | - J A Bøtner
- ROCKWOOL A/S, Hovedgaden 584, Hedehusene 2640, Denmark
| | - M Ceccato
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Faculty of Natural Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | - M Foss
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Faculty of Natural Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | - M Solvang
- ROCKWOOL A/S, Hovedgaden 584, Hedehusene 2640, Denmark
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Gualtieri AF. Journey to the centre of the lung. The perspective of a mineralogist on the carcinogenic effects of mineral fibres in the lungs. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 442:130077. [PMID: 36209608 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This work reviews the bio-chemical mechanisms leading to adverse effects produced when mineral fibres are inhaled and transported in the lungs from the perspective of a mineralogist. The behaviour of three known carcinogenic mineral fibres (crocidolite, chrysotile, and fibrous-asbestiform erionite) during their journey through the upper respiratory tract, the deep respiratory tract and the pleural cavity is discussed. These three fibres have been selected as they are the most socially and economically relevant mineral fibres representative of the classes of chain silicates (amphiboles), layer silicates (serpentine), and framework silicates (zeolites), respectively. Comparison of the behaviour of these fibres is made according to their specific crystal-chemical assemblages and properties. Known biological and subsequent pathologic effects which lead and contribute to carcinogenesis are critically reviewed under the mineralogical perspective and in relation to recent progress in this multidisciplinary field of research. Special attention is given to the understanding of the cause-effect relationships for lung cancer and malignant mesothelioma. Comparison with interstitial pulmonary fibrosis, or "asbestosis", will also be made here. This overview highlights open issues, data gaps, and conflicts in the literature for these topics, especially as regards relative potencies of the three mineral fibres under consideration for lung cancer and mesothelioma. Finally, an attempt is made to identify future research lines suitable for a general comprehensive model of the carcinogenicity of mineral fibres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro F Gualtieri
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 103, Modena I-41125, Italy.
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Potter RM, Hoffman JW, Hadley JG. Predicting the in vitro dissolution rate constant of mineral wool fibers from fiber composition. Inhal Toxicol 2023; 35:40-47. [PMID: 36648029 DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2023.2166167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We developed predictive formulae for the in vitro dissolution rate constant kdis of acid-soluble synthetic vitreous fibers (SVF), paralleling our earlier work with glass wools, which are typically more soluble at neutral pH. Developing simple models for predicting the kdis of a fiber can allow prediction of in vivo behavior, aid fiber developers, and potentially reduce in vivo testing. METHODS The kdis of several acid-soluble SVF were determined using high simulant fluid flow/fiber surface area (F/A) conditions via a single-fiber measurement system. Four fluids were employed, varying in base composition and citrate levels. Equations predicting the kdis were derived from fiber chemistry and dissolution measurements for two of the fluids. RESULTS Testing of several fibers showed a ∼10× increase in the kdis when citrate was included in the simulant solution. Data from tests with Stefaniak's citrate-free Phagoloysosmal Simulant Fluid (PSF) yielded kdis values aligned with expectations from in vivo results, unlike results from citrate-containing modified Gamble's solution. Predictive equations relating fiber chemistry to kdis showed reasonable agreement between the measured and predicted values. CONCLUSIONS Citrate inclusion in the solution under high F/A conditions significantly increased the measured kdis. This resulted in more biorelevant data being obtained using the PSF fluid with the high F/A method used. The developed predictive equations, sufficient for fiber development work, require refinement before a recommending their use in place of in vivo biopersistence testing. Significant fit improvements are possible through additional measurements under these experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John W Hoffman
- Owens Corning Science and Technology Center, Granville, OH, USA
| | - John G Hadley
- Owens Corning Science and Technology Center, Granville, OH, USA
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Okhrimenko DV, Bøtner JA, Riis HK, Ceccato M, Foss M, Solvang M. The dissolution of stone wool fibers with sugar-based binder and oil in different synthetic lung fluids. Toxicol In Vitro 2021; 78:105270. [PMID: 34757181 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2021.105270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The biopersistence of fiber materials is one of the cornerstones in estimating potential risk to human health upon inhalation. To connect epidemiological and in vivo investigations with in vitro studies, reliable and robust methods of fiber biopersistence determination and understanding of fiber dissolution mechanism are required. We investigated dissolution properties of oil treated stone wool fibers with and without sugar-based binder (SBB) at 37 °C in the liquids representing macrophages intracellular conditions (pH 4.5). Conditions varied from batch to flow of different rates. Fiber morphology and surface chemistry changes caused by dissolution were monitored with scanning electron microscopy and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry mapping. Stone wool fiber dissolution rate depends on liquid composition (presence of ligands, such as citrate), pH, reaction products transport and fibers wetting properties. The dissolution rate decreases when: 1) citrate is consumed by the reaction with the released Al cations; 2) the pH increases during a reaction in poorly buffered solutions; 3) the dissolution products are accumulated; 4) fibers are not fully wetted with the fluid. Presence of SBB has no influence on dissolution rate if fiber material was wetted prior to dissolution experiment to avoid poorly wetted fiber agglomerates formation in the synthetic lung fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- D V Okhrimenko
- ROCKWOOL International A/S, Hovedgaden 584, 2640 Hedehusene, Denmark.
| | - J A Bøtner
- ROCKWOOL International A/S, Hovedgaden 584, 2640 Hedehusene, Denmark
| | - H K Riis
- ROCKWOOL International A/S, Hovedgaden 584, 2640 Hedehusene, Denmark
| | - M Ceccato
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | - M Foss
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | - M Solvang
- ROCKWOOL International A/S, Hovedgaden 584, 2640 Hedehusene, Denmark
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Barly SHQ, Okhrimenko DV, Solvang M, Yue Y, Stipp SLS. Dissolution of Stone Wool Fibers with Phenol-urea-formaldehyde Binder in a Synthetic Lung Fluid. Chem Res Toxicol 2019; 32:2398-2410. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.9b00179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mette Solvang
- ROCKWOOL International A/S, Hovedgaden 584, 2640 Hedehusene, Denmark
| | - Yuanzheng Yue
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Susan L. S. Stipp
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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Cui Y, Huang L, Huo T, Dong F, Wang G, Zhang Q. Man-made mineral fiber effects on the expression of anti-oncogenes P53 and P16 and oncogenes C-JUN and C-FOS in the lung tissue of Wistar rats. Toxicol Ind Health 2019; 35:431-444. [PMID: 31131716 DOI: 10.1177/0748233719851699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Man-made mineral fibers (MMMFs) are substitutes for asbestos. MMMFs are widely used as insulation, but their molecular mechanisms underlying the tumorigenic effects in vivo have been poorly studied. For this reason, this work aimed to explore the properties and carcinogenic molecular mechanisms of MMMFs. The three MMMFs, rock wool (RW), glass fibers (GFs), and ceramic fibers (CFs), were prepared into respirable dust. Particle size, morphology, and chemical composition were analyzed by laser particle analyzer, scanning electron microscope, and X-ray fluorescence spectrometer, respectively. The Wistar rats were administered multiple intratracheal instillations of three MMMFs once a month. Then, several parameters (e.g. body mass, lung mass, and lung histology) were measured at 1, 3, and 6 months. After that, levels of P53, P16, C-JUN, and C-FOS mRNA and protein were measured by quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting. This work found that exposure to MMMFs could influence the growth of body mass and increase lung mass. General conditions showed white nodules and irregular atrophy. In addition, MMMFs could lead to inactivation of anti-oncogene P16 and activation of proto-oncogenes (C-JUN and C-FOS) in the mRNA and protein levels, in which GF and CF were more obvious compared with RW. The effect of MMMFs was different, which may be related to the physical and chemical characteristics of different MMMFs. In conclusion, MMMFs (GF and CF) could induce an unbalanced expression of cancer-related genes in the lung tissues of rats. The understanding of the determinants of toxicity and carcinogenicity provides a scientific basis for developing and introducing new safer MMMF products, and the present study provides some useful insights into the carcinogenic mechanism of MMMFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Cui
- 1 School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Liuwen Huang
- 2 School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Tingting Huo
- 3 Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and the Resource Recycle, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China
| | - Faqin Dong
- 3 Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and the Resource Recycle, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China
| | - Guojun Wang
- 4 Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Qingbi Zhang
- 1 School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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Campopiano A, Cannizzaro A, Angelosanto F, Astolfi ML, Ramires D, Olori A, Canepari S, Iavicoli S. Dissolution of glass wool, rock wool and alkaline earth silicate wool: Morphological and chemical changes in fibers. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2014; 70:393-406. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2014.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Revised: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Brown RC, Harrison PT. Alkaline earth silicate wools – A new generation of high temperature insulation. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2012; 64:296-304. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2012.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2011] [Revised: 08/10/2012] [Accepted: 08/24/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Bellmann B, Schaeffer HA, Muhle H. Impact of variations in the chemical composition of vitreous mineral fibers on biopersistence in rat lungs and consequences for regulation. Inhal Toxicol 2010; 22:817-27. [DOI: 10.3109/08958378.2010.483771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Maxim LD, Hadley JG, Potter RM, Niebo R. The role of fiber durability/biopersistence of silica-based synthetic vitreous fibers and their influence on toxicology. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2006; 46:42-62. [PMID: 16837114 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2006.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This work summarizes what is known about the role of fiber durability/biopersistence of silica-based synthetic vitreous fibers (SVFs) and their influence on toxicology. The article describes the key processes leading from exposure to biological effect, including exposure, pulmonary deposition, clearance by various mechanisms, accumulation in the lung, and finally possible biological effects. The dose-dimension-durability paradigm is used to explain the key determinants of SVF toxicology. In particular, the key role played by the durability/biopersistence of long (>20microm) fibers is highlighted. Relevant literature on the prediction of in-vitro dissolution rates from chemical composition is summarized. Data from in-vitro and in-vivo durability/biopersistence tests show that these measures are highly correlated for long fibers. Both durability and biopersistence are correlated with the outcome of chronic inhalation bioassays. A schematic approach is presented for the design and testing of new SVFs with lower biopersistence.
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