1
|
Nishida C, Tomonaga T, Izumi H, Wang KY, Higashi H, Ishidao T, Takeshita JI, Ono R, Sumiya K, Fujii S, Mochizuki S, Sakurai K, Yamasaki K, Yatera K, Morimoto Y. Inflammogenic effect of polyacrylic acid in rat lung following intratracheal instillation. Part Fibre Toxicol 2022; 19:8. [PMID: 35062982 PMCID: PMC8780717 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-022-00448-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Some organic chemicals are known to cause allergic disorders such as bronchial asthma and hypersensitivity pneumonitis, and it has been considered that they do not cause irreversible pulmonary fibrosis. It has recently been reported, however, that cross-linked acrylic acid-based polymer, an organic chemical, might cause serious interstitial lung diseases, including pulmonary fibrosis. We investigated whether or not intratracheal instillation exposure to cross-linked polyacrylic acid (CL-PAA) can cause lung disorder in rats.
Methods
Male F344 rats were intratracheally instilled with dispersed CL-PAA at low (0.2 mg/rat) and high (1.0 mg/rat) doses, and were sacrificed at 3 days, 1 week, 1 month, 3 months and 6 months after exposure to examine inflammatory and fibrotic responses and related gene expressions in the lungs. Rat lungs exposed to crystalline silica, asbestos (chrysotile), and NiO and CeO2 nanoparticles were used as comparators.
Results
Persistent increases in total cell count, neutrophil count and neutrophil percentage, and in the concentration of the cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant (CINC)-1, CINC-2 and C-X-C motif chemokine 5 (CXCL5), which correlated with lung tissue gene expression, were observed in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from 3 days until at least 1 month following CL-PAA intratracheal instillation. Persistent increases in heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in the lung tissue were also observed from 3 days to 6 months after exposure. Histopathological findings of the lungs demonstrated that extensive inflammation at 3 days was greater than that in exposure to silica, NiO nanoparticles and CeO2 nanoparticles, and equal to or greater than that in asbestos (chrysotile) exposure, and the inflammation continued until 1 month. Fibrotic changes also progressed after 1 month postexposure.
Conclusion
Our results suggested that CL-PAA potentially causes strong neutrophil inflammation in the rat and human lung.
Collapse
|
2
|
Fan J, Chen Y, Yang D, Shen J, Guo X. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes induce IL-1β secretion by activating hemichannels-mediated ATP release in THP-1 macrophages. Nanotoxicology 2020; 14:929-946. [PMID: 32538272 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2020.1777476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are known to induce pulmonary inflammatory effects through stimulating pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion from alveolar macrophages. Despite extensive studies on MWCNTs' pro-inflammatory reactivity, the understanding of molecular mechanisms involved is still incomplete. In this study, we investigated hemichannel's involvement in MWCNTs-induced macrophage IL-1β release. Our results showed that the unmodified and COOH MWCNTs could induce ATP release and ATP-P2X7R axis-dependent IL-1β secretion from THP-1 macrophages. By using various inhibitors, we confirmed that the MWCNTs-induced ATP release was primarily through hemichannels. EtBr dye uptake assay detected significant hemichannels opening in MWCNTs exposed THP-1 macrophages. Inhibition of hemichannels by CBX, 43Gap27, or 10Panx1 pretreatment results in decreased ATP and IL-1β release. The addition of ATP restored the reduced IL-1β secretion level from hemichannel inhibition. We also confirmed with five other types of MWCNTs that the induction of hemichannels by MWCNTs strongly correlates with their capacity to induce IL-1β secretion. Taken together, we conclude that hemichannels-mediated ATP release and subsequent NLRP3 inflammasome activation through P2X7R may be one mechanism by which MWCNTs induce macrophage IL-1β secretion. Our findings may provide a novel molecular mechanism for MWCNTs induced IL-1β secretion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingpu Fan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China
| | - Yiyong Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China
| | - Di Yang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Shen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China
| | - Xinbiao Guo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Horie M, Tabei Y, Sugino S, Eguchi K, Chiba R, Tajika M. Comparison of proinflammatory potential of needle-shaped materials: aragonite and potassium titanate whisker. Arch Toxicol 2019; 93:2797-2810. [PMID: 31493027 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-019-02556-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Among the crystal forms of calcium carbonate, aragonite has needle-like shape. Although materials with needle-shaped crystals are associated with pulmonary toxicity, the toxic activity of aragonite is unclear. Therefore, proinflammatory potential of aragonite, neutralized aragonite and potassium titanate whisker was evaluated. The cellular effects of aragonite were weaker than those of potassium titanate whisker. Aragonite treatment induced the expression of chemokines in A549 cells and macrophages. Although aragonite exhibited proinflammatory effects in vitro, pulmonary inflammation was not observed in vivo after intratracheal administration of aragonite in mice. We did not observe the induction of inflammatory cytokine secretion or tissue lesion in the lungs of mice after administration of aragonite. Potassium titanate whisker treatment induced chemokine secretion in vitro. An increase in the number of neutrophils was observed in the mice lung tissue after administration of potassium titanate whisker. Aragonite and neutralized aragonite both induced an increase in the levels of intracellular calcium, but the levels were significantly higher in cells treated with aragonite than in cells treated with neutralized aragonite. These results suggested that intracellular calcium release mediates the cellular effects of aragonite. The toxicity of aragonite based on its needle-like structure was also not observed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Horie
- Health Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2217-14, Hayashi-Cho, Takamatsu, Kagawa, Japan.
| | - Yosuke Tabei
- Health Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2217-14, Hayashi-Cho, Takamatsu, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Sakiko Sugino
- Shiraishi Central Laboratories Co., Ltd., 4-78 Motohamacho, Amagasaki, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Eguchi
- Shiraishi Central Laboratories Co., Ltd., 4-78 Motohamacho, Amagasaki, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Ryo Chiba
- Shiraishi Central Laboratories Co., Ltd., 4-78 Motohamacho, Amagasaki, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Masahiko Tajika
- Shiraishi Central Laboratories Co., Ltd., 4-78 Motohamacho, Amagasaki, Hyogo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Elbakary RH, Okasha EF, Hassan Ragab AM, Ragab MH. Histological Effects of Gold Nanoparticles on the Lung Tissue of Adult Male Albino Rats. J Microsc Ultrastruct 2018; 6:116-122. [PMID: 30221136 PMCID: PMC6130251 DOI: 10.4103/jmau.jmau_25_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Short Introduction: Nanoparticles (NPs) represent a new line in the investigations and treatment of group of diseases. Furthermore, it is found in many products and enters the body by different roots as ingestion and inhalation. Lung is more liable to exposure to these particles. Safety of these particles on the lung needs to be examined. Aim of the Work: To study the effect of gold NPs (GNPs) on the histological structure of the lung tissue. Materials and Methods: Thirty-six healthy male albino rats were randomly divided into three groups including control group (Group I) and two GNP-treated groups (Group II received low dose and Group III received high dose daily for 14 days). At the end of the experiment, all the rats were sacrificed; lungs were dissected and processed to be examined by light and electron microscopy. Results: GNPs induced inflammatory infiltration dilatation and congestion of the blood vessels in association with the collapse of lung alveoli and extravasations of red blood cells. Caspase-3 immunohistochemical reaction showed strong positive reaction in Group III mainly. Ultrastructure observation revealed affection of type II pneumocyte and thickening in the alveolar wall. Conclusions: GNPs led to histological changes in the lung tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reda H Elbakary
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Ebtsam F Okasha
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kobayashi N, Izumi H, Morimoto Y. Review of toxicity studies of carbon nanotubes. J Occup Health 2017; 59:394-407. [PMID: 28794394 PMCID: PMC5635148 DOI: 10.1539/joh.17-0089-ra] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We reviewed studies on pulmonary, reproductive, and developmental toxicity caused by carbon nanotubes (CNTs). In paricular, we analyzed how CNT exposure affects the several processes of pulmonary toxicity, including inflammation, injury, fibrosis, and pulmonary tumors. METHODS In pulmonary toxicity, there are various processes, including inflammation, injury, fibrosis, respiratory tumor in the lungs, and biopersistence of CNTs and genotoxicity as tumor-related factors, to develop the respiratory tumor. We evaluated the evidence for the carcinogenicity of CNTs in each process. In the fields of reproductive and developmental toxicity, studies of CNTs have been conducted mainly with mice. We summarized the findings of reproductive and developmental toxicity studies of CNTs. RESULTS In animal studies, exposure to CNTs induced sustained inflammation, fibrosis, lung cancer following long-term inhalation, and gene damage in the lung. CNTs also showed high biopersistence in animal studies. Fetal malformations after intravenous and intraperitoneal injections and intratracheal instillation, fetal loss after intravenous injection, behavioral changes in offsprings after intraperitoneal injection, and a delay in the delivery of the first litter after intratracheal instillation were reported in mice-administered multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) appeared to be embryolethal and teratogenic in mice when given by intravenous injection; moreover, the tubes induced death and growth retardation in chicken embryos. CONCLUSION CNTs are considered to have carcinogenicity and can cause lung tumors. However, the carcinogenicity of CNTs may attenuate if the fiber length is shorter. The available data provide initial information on the potential reproductive and developmental toxicity of CNTs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Norihiro Kobayashi
- Division of Environmental Chemistry, National Institute of Health Sciences
| | - Hiroto Izumi
- Department of Occupational Pneumology, Institute of Industrial Ecological Science, University of Occupational and Environmental Health
| | - Yasuo Morimoto
- Department of Occupational Pneumology, Institute of Industrial Ecological Science, University of Occupational and Environmental Health
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Histological effects of gold nanoparticles on lung tissue of adult male albino rats. J Microsc Ultrastruct 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmau.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
|
7
|
Okada T, Ogami A, Lee BW, Kadoya C, Oyabu T, Myojo T. Pulmonary responses in rat lungs after intratracheal instillation of 4 crystal forms of titanium dioxide nanoparticles. J Occup Health 2016; 58:602-611. [PMID: 27725490 PMCID: PMC5373910 DOI: 10.1539/joh.16-0094-oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Titanium dioxide nanoparticles are widely used as UV filters in cosmetics and as a photocatalyst. We evaluated pulmonary responses to different crystal forms of TiO2 nanoparticles. METHODS We used 4 different TiO2 samples with similar specific surface areas (anatase, rutile, amorphous, and P25). Each sample was suspended in distilled water and intratracheally instilled to male Wister rats at the dose of 1 mg per rat. Five rats per group were sacrificed at 3 days, 1 month, and 6 months after instillation, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was collected from the right lung to determine the total cell count and polymorphonuclear cell (PMN) counts. The left lung tissues were stained with hematoxylin and eosin for the evaluation of inflammation and with elastica van Gieson for the evaluation of collagen deposition. RESULTS The total cell counts and PMN counts of the amorphous and P25 of four samples showed a significant increase compared with the control group at 3 days after instillation. The inflammation rate of P25 also showed a significant increase compared with controls at 3 days. The collagen deposition rate in the alveolar duct of P25 increased significantly compared with controls from 3 days to 6 months. The other samples showed a mild response after instillation. CONCLUSION Although the TiO2 nanoparticles used in this study had similar specific surface areas, there were different inflammatory responses in the rat lungs. Other factors, such as different production processes or the surface activities of particles, may have been responsible for the different responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takami Okada
- Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Morimoto Y, Izumi H, Yoshiura Y, Fujishima K, Yatera K, Yamamoto K. Usefulness of Intratracheal Instillation Studies for Estimating Nanoparticle-Induced Pulmonary Toxicity. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17020165. [PMID: 26828483 PMCID: PMC4783899 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17020165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhalation studies are the gold standard for the estimation of the harmful effects of respirable chemical substances, while there is limited evidence of the harmful effects of chemical substances by intratracheal instillation. We reviewed the effectiveness of intratracheal instillation studies for estimating the hazards of nanoparticles, mainly using papers in which both inhalation and intratracheal instillation studies were performed using the same nanoparticles. Compared to inhalation studies, there is a tendency in intratracheal instillation studies that pulmonary inflammation lasted longer in the lungs. A difference in pulmonary inflammation between high and low toxicity nanoparticles was observed in the intratracheal instillation studies, as in the inhalation studies. Among the endpoints of pulmonary toxicity, the kinetics of neutrophil counts, percentage of neutrophils, and chemokines for neutrophils and macrophages, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), reflected pulmonary inflammation, suggesting that these markers may be considered the predictive markers of pulmonary toxicity in both types of study. When comparing pulmonary inflammation between intratracheal instillation and inhalation studies under the same initial lung burden, there is a tendency that the inflammatory response following the intratracheal instillation of nanoparticles is greater than or equal to that following the inhalation of nanoparticles. If the difference in clearance in both studies is not large, the estimations of pulmonary toxicity are close. We suggest that intratracheal instillation studies can be useful for ranking the hazard of nanoparticles through pulmonary inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuo Morimoto
- Department of Occupational Pneumology, Institute of Industrial Ecological Science, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahata-nishi-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 807-8555, Japan.
| | - Hiroto Izumi
- Department of Occupational Pneumology, Institute of Industrial Ecological Science, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahata-nishi-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 807-8555, Japan.
| | - Yukiko Yoshiura
- Department of Occupational Pneumology, Institute of Industrial Ecological Science, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahata-nishi-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 807-8555, Japan.
| | - Kei Fujishima
- Department of Occupational Pneumology, Institute of Industrial Ecological Science, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahata-nishi-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 807-8555, Japan.
| | - Kazuhiro Yatera
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahata-nishi-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 807-8555, Japan.
| | - Kazuhiro Yamamoto
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Morimoto Y, Izumi H, Yoshiura Y, Tomonaga T, Oyabu T, Myojo T, Kawai K, Yatera K, Shimada M, Kubo M, Yamamoto K, Kitajima S, Kuroda E, Kawaguchi K, Sasaki T. Pulmonary toxicity of well-dispersed cerium oxide nanoparticles following intratracheal instillation and inhalation. JOURNAL OF NANOPARTICLE RESEARCH : AN INTERDISCIPLINARY FORUM FOR NANOSCALE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2015; 17:442. [PMID: 26594128 PMCID: PMC4644191 DOI: 10.1007/s11051-015-3249-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We performed inhalation and intratracheal instillation studies of cerium dioxide (CeO2) nanoparticles in order to investigate their pulmonary toxicity, and observed pulmonary inflammation not only in the acute and but also in the chronic phases. In the intratracheal instillation study, F344 rats were exposed to 0.2 mg or 1 mg of CeO2 nanoparticles. Cell analysis and chemokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were analyzed from 3 days to 6 months following the instillation. In the inhalation study, rats were exposed to the maximum concentration of inhaled CeO2 nanoparticles (2, 10 mg/m3, respectively) for 4 weeks (6 h/day, 5 days/week). The same endpoints as in the intratracheal instillation study were examined from 3 days to 3 months after the end of the exposure. The intratracheal instillation of CeO2 nanoparticles caused a persistent increase in the total and neutrophil number in BALF and in the concentration of cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant (CINC)-1, CINC-2, chemokine for neutrophil, and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), an oxidative stress marker, in BALF during the observation time. The inhalation of CeO2 nanoparticles also induced a persistent influx of neutrophils and expression of CINC-1, CINC-2, and HO-1 in BALF. Pathological features revealed that inflammatory cells, including macrophages and neutrophils, invaded the alveolar space in both studies. Taken together, the CeO2 nanoparticles induced not only acute but also chronic inflammation in the lung, suggesting that CeO2 nanoparticles have a pulmonary toxicity that can lead to irreversible lesions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuo Morimoto
- />University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahata-nishi-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 807-8555 Japan
| | - Hiroto Izumi
- />University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahata-nishi-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 807-8555 Japan
| | - Yukiko Yoshiura
- />University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahata-nishi-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 807-8555 Japan
| | - Taisuke Tomonaga
- />University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahata-nishi-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 807-8555 Japan
| | - Takako Oyabu
- />University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahata-nishi-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 807-8555 Japan
| | - Toshihiko Myojo
- />University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahata-nishi-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 807-8555 Japan
| | - Kazuaki Kawai
- />University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahata-nishi-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 807-8555 Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Yatera
- />University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahata-nishi-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 807-8555 Japan
| | | | - Masaru Kubo
- />Hiroshima University, Higashi, Hiroshima Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Yamamoto
- />National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565 Japan
| | - Shinichi Kitajima
- />National Sanatorium Hoshizuka Keiaien, 4204 Hoshizuka-cho, Kanoya, Kagoshima 893-8502 Japan
| | - Etsushi Kuroda
- />Laboratory of Vaccine Science, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, 6F IFReC Research Building, 3-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Kenji Kawaguchi
- />National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565 Japan
| | - Takeshi Sasaki
- />National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Morimoto Y, Izumi H, Kuroda E. Significance of persistent inflammation in respiratory disorders induced by nanoparticles. J Immunol Res 2014; 2014:962871. [PMID: 25097864 PMCID: PMC4109676 DOI: 10.1155/2014/962871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2014] [Revised: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary inflammation, especially persistent inflammation, has been found to play a key role in respiratory disorders induced by nanoparticles in animal models. In inhalation studies and instillation studies of nanomaterials, persistent inflammation is composed of neutrophils and alveolar macrophages, and its pathogenesis is related to chemokines such as the cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant (CINC) family and macrophage inflammatory protein-1α and oxidant stress-related genes such as heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). DNA damages occur chemically or physically by nanomaterials. Chemical and physical damage are associated with point mutation by free radicals and double strand brake, respectively. The failure of DNA repair and accumulation of mutations might occur when inflammation is prolonged, and finally normal cells could become malignant. These free radicals can not only damage cells but also induce signaling molecules containing immunoreaction. Nanoparticles and asbestos also induce the production of free radicals. In allergic responses, nanoparticles act as Th2 adjuvants to activate Th2 immune responses such as activation of eosinophil and induction of IgE. Taken together, the presence of persistent inflammation may contribute to the pathogenesis of a variety of diseases induced by nanomaterials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuo Morimoto
- Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan
| | - Hiroto Izumi
- Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan
| | - Etsushi Kuroda
- Laboratory of Vaccine Science, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Morimoto Y, Oyabu T, Horie M, Kambara T, Izumi H, Kuroda E, Creutzenberg O, Bellmann B, Pohlmann G, Schuchardt S, Hansen T, Ernst H. Pulmonary toxicity of printer toner following inhalation and intratracheal instillation. Inhal Toxicol 2014; 25:679-90. [PMID: 24102468 DOI: 10.3109/08958378.2013.835010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The pulmonary effects of a finished toner were evaluated in intratracheal instillation and inhalation studies, using toners with external additives (titanium dioxide nanoparticles and amorphous silica nanoparticles). Rats received an intratracheal dose of 1 mg or 2 mg of toner and were sacrificed at 3 days, 1 week, 1 month, 3 months and 6 months. The toner induced pulmonary inflammation, as evidenced by a transient neutrophil response in the low-dose groups and persistent neutrophil infiltration in the high-dose groups. There were increased concentrations of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) as a marker of oxidative stress in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and the lung. In a 90-day inhalation study, rats were exposed to well-dispersed toner (mean of MMAD: 3.76 µm). The three mass concentrations of toner were 1, 4 and 16 mg/m(3) for 13 weeks, and the rats were sacrificed at 6 days and 91 days after the end of the exposure period. The low and medium concentrations did not induce neutrophil infiltration in the lung of statistical significance, but the high concentration did, and, in addition, upon histopathological examination not only showed findings of inflammation but also of fibrosis in the lung. Taken together, the results of our studies suggest that toners with external additives lead to pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis at lung burdens suggest beyond the overload. The changes observed in the pulmonary responses in this inhalation study indicate that the high concentration (16 mg/m(3)) is an LOAEL and that the medium concentration (4 mg/m(3)) is an NOAEL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuo Morimoto
- Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health , Kitakyushu , Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Lee BW, Kadoya C, Horie M, Mizuguchi Y, Hashiba M, Kambara T, Okada T, Myojo T, Oyabu T, Ogami A, Morimoto Y, Tanaka I, Uchida K, Endoh S, Nakanishi J. Analysis of pulmonary surfactant in rat lungs after intratracheal instillation of short and long multi-walled carbon nanotubes. Inhal Toxicol 2013; 25:609-20. [DOI: 10.3109/08958378.2013.821562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
13
|
Ogami A, Yamamoto K, Morimoto Y, Fujita K, Hirohashi M, Oyabu T, Myojo T, Nishi K, Kadoya C, Todoroki M, Yamamoto M, Murakami M, Shimada M, Wang WN, Shinohara N, Endoh S, Uchida K, Nakanishi J, Tanaka I. Pathological features of rat lung following inhalation and intratracheal instillation of C(60) fullerene. Inhal Toxicol 2011; 23:407-16. [PMID: 21639709 DOI: 10.3109/08958378.2011.580386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the pulmonary pathological features of rats that received a single intratracheal instillation and a 4-week inhalation of a fullerene. We used fullerene C(60) (nanom purple; Frontier Carbon Co. Ltd, Japan) in this study. Male Wistar rats received intratracheal dose of 0.1, 0.2, or 1 mg of C(60), and were sacrificed at 3 days, 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months. In the inhalation study, Wistar rats received C(60) or nickel oxide by whole-body inhalation for 6 h/day, 5 days/week, 4 weeks, and were sacrificed at 3 days, 1 month, and 3 months after the end of exposure. During the observation period, no tumors or granulomas were observed in either study. Histopathological evaluation by the point counting method (PCM) showed that a high dose of C(60) (1 mg) instillation led to a significant increase of areas of inflammation in the early phase (until 1 week). In the inhalation study of the C(60)-exposed group, PCM evaluation showed significant changes in the C(60)-exposed group only at 3 days after exposure; after 1 month, no significant changes were observed. The present study demonstrated that the pulmonary inflammation pattern after exposure to well-characterized C(60) via both intratracheal and inhalation instillation was slight and transient. These results support our previous studies that showed C(60) has no significant adverse effects in intratracheal and inhalation instillation studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akira Ogami
- Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Obata Y, Morimoto Y, Hirohashi M, Ogami A, Oyabu T, Myojo T, Kawanami S, Horie S, Nagatomo H, Murakami M, Tanaka I. Expression of Heme Oxygenase‐1 in the Lungs of Rats Exposed to Potassium Octatitanate Whiskers. J Occup Health 2011; 53:267-73. [DOI: 10.1539/joh.l10056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuko Obata
- Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental HealthJapan
| | - Yasuo Morimoto
- Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental HealthJapan
| | - Masami Hirohashi
- Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental HealthJapan
| | - Akira Ogami
- Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental HealthJapan
| | - Takako Oyabu
- Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental HealthJapan
| | - Toshihiko Myojo
- Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental HealthJapan
| | - Shoko Kawanami
- Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental HealthJapan
| | - Seichi Horie
- Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental HealthJapan
| | - Hiroko Nagatomo
- Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental HealthJapan
| | - Masahiro Murakami
- Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental HealthJapan
| | - Isamu Tanaka
- Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental HealthJapan
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Morimoto Y, Hirohashi M, Ogami A, Oyabu T, Myojo T, Nishi KI, Kadoya C, Todoroki M, Yamamoto M, Murakami M, Shimada M, Wang WN, Yamamoto K, Fujita K, Endoh S, Uchida K, Shinohara N, Nakanishi J, Tanaka I. Inflammogenic effect of well-characterized fullerenes in inhalation and intratracheal instillation studies. Part Fibre Toxicol 2010; 7:4. [PMID: 20226088 PMCID: PMC2848185 DOI: 10.1186/1743-8977-7-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2009] [Accepted: 03/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We used fullerenes, whose dispersion at the nano-level was stabilized by grinding in nitrogen gas in an agitation mill, to conduct an intratracheal instillation study and an inhalation exposure study. Fullerenes were individually dispersed in distilled water including 0.1% Tween 80, and the diameter of the fullerenes was 33 nm. These suspensions were directly injected as a solution in the intratracheal instillation study. The reference material was nickel oxide in distilled water. Wistar male rats intratracheally received a dose of 0.1 mg, 0.2 mg, or 1 mg of fullerenes and were sacrificed after 3 days, 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months. In the inhalation study, Wistar rats were exposed to fullerene agglomerates (diameter: 96 ± 5 nm; 0.12 ± 0.03 mg/m3; 6 hours/days for 5 days/week) for 4 weeks and were sacrificed at 3 days, 1 month, and 3 months after the end of exposure. The inflammatory responses and gene expression of cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractants (CINCs) were examined in rat lungs in both studies. Results In the intratracheal instillation study, both the 0.1 mg and 0.2 mg fullerene groups did not show a significant increase of the total cell and neutrophil count in BALF or in the expression of CINC-1,-2αβ and-3 in the lung, while the high-dose, 1 mg group only showed a transient significant increase of neutrophils and expression of CINC-1,-2αβ and -3. In the inhalation study, there were no increases of total cell and neutrophil count in BALF, CINC-1,-2αβ and-3 in the fullerene group. Conclusion These data in intratracheal instillation and inhalation studies suggested that well-dispersed fullerenes do not have strong potential of neutrophil inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuo Morimoto
- Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, Kitakyushu, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Enomoto M, Tierney WJ, Nozaki K. Risk of human health by particulate matter as a source of air pollution--comparison with tobacco smoking. J Toxicol Sci 2008; 33:251-67. [PMID: 18670156 DOI: 10.2131/jts.33.251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Increased air pollution, containing carcinogenic particulate matter smaller than 2.5 microm (PM(2.5)), has gained particular attention in recent years as a causative factor in the increased incidence of respiratory diseases, including lung cancer. Extensive carcinogenicity studies conducted recently under Good Laboratory Practice conditions by National Toxicology Program in the USA, Ramazzini Foundation in Italy or Contract Research Organizations on numerous chemical compounds have demonstrated the importance of considering dose levels, times and duration of exposure in the safety evaluation of carcinogenic as well as classical toxic agents. Data on exposure levels to chemical carcinogens that produce tumor development have contributed to the evaluation of human carcinogens from extrapolation of animal data. A popular held misconception is that the risk from smoking is the result of inhaling assorted particulate matter and by products from burning tobacco rather than the very low ng levels of carcinogens present in smoke. Consider the fact that a piece of toasted bread contains ng levels of the carcinogen urethane (ethyl carbamate). Yet, no one has considered toast to be a human carcinogen. Future human carcinogenic risk assessment should emphasize consideration of inhalation exposure to higher levels of benzo (a) pyrene and other possible carcinogens and particulate matter present in polluted air derived from automobile exhaust, pitch and coal tar on paved roads and asbestos, in addition to other environmental contaminant exposure via the food and drinking water.
Collapse
|
17
|
Kido T, Morimoto Y, Asonuma E, Yatera K, Ogami A, Oyabu T, Tanaka I, Kido M. Chrysotile Asbestos Causes AEC Apoptosis via the Caspase ActivationIn VitroandIn Vivo. Inhal Toxicol 2008; 20:339-47. [DOI: 10.1080/08958370701866362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|