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Zhang C, Yan M, Du H, Ban J, Chen C, Liu Y, Li T. Mortality risks from a spectrum of causes associated with sand and dust storms in China. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6867. [PMID: 37891159 PMCID: PMC10611721 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42530-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Sand and Dust Storms (SDS) pose considerable health risks worldwide. Previous studies only indicated risk of SDS on overall mortality. This nationwide multicenter time-series study aimed to examine SDS-associated mortality risks extensively. We analyzed 1,495,724 deaths and 2024 SDS events from 1 February to 31 May (2013-2018) in 214 Chinese counties. The excess mortality risks associated with SDS were 7.49% (95% CI: 3.12-12.05%), 5.40% (1.25-9.73%), 4.05% (0.41-7.83%), 3.45% (0.34-6.66%), 3.37% (0.28-6.55%), 3.33% (0.07-6.70%), 8.90% (4.96-12.98%), 12.51% (6.31-19.08%), and 11.55% (5.55-17.89%) for ischemic stroke, intracerebral hemorrhagic stroke, hypertensive heart disease, myocardial infarction, acute myocardial infarction, acute ischemic heart disease, respiratory disease, chronic lower respiratory disease, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), respectively. SDS had significantly added effects on ischemic stroke, chronic lower respiratory disease, and COPD mortality. Our results suggest the need to implement public health policy against SDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Zhang
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Meilin Yan
- School of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Hang Du
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Ban
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Chen
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Tiantian Li
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
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Association of short term exposure to Asian dust with increased blood pressure. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17630. [PMID: 33077773 PMCID: PMC7572380 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74713-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Air pollution causes hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and mortality. Asian dust (AD) reportedly induces asthma or acute myocardial infarction along with air pollution, but its impact on blood pressure (BP) is unknown. We investigated the association between short-term AD exposure and BP fluctuations in 300,952 individuals whose BP was measured during April 2005–March 2015 and divided them into AD and non-AD groups based on visitation for AD-related events. AD’s occurrence, air pollutants’ concentration (suspended particulate matter, SO2, NO2, photochemical oxidants), and meteorological variables (mean ambient temperature, relative humidity) were obtained from a monitoring station; AD events correlated with decreased visibility (< 10 km). We observed 61 AD days, with 3897 participants undergoing medical check-ups. Short-term AD exposure at lag day-0 was significantly associated with higher systolic BP (SBP), diastolic BP (DBP), and pulse rate (PR) risk (β = 1.85, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.35–2.35 for SBP, β = 2.24, 95% CI 1.88–2.61 for DBP, β = 0.52, 95% CI 0.14–0.91 for PR) using multi-pollutant model. Population-attributable fractions exposed to AD were 11.5% for those with elevated SBP (SBP ≥ 120 mmHg) and 23.7% for those with hypertension (SBP ≥ 140 mmHg or DBP ≥ 90 mmHg). This study showed a strong association between short-term AD exposure and increased SBP and DBP.
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Ishii M, Seki T, Kaikita K, Sakamoto K, Nakai M, Sumita Y, Nishimura K, Miyamoto Y, Noguchi T, Yasuda S, Tsutsui H, Komuro I, Saito Y, Ogawa H, Tsujita K, Kawakami K. Short-term exposure to desert dust and the risk of acute myocardial infarction in Japan: a time-stratified case-crossover study. Eur J Epidemiol 2020; 35:455-464. [PMID: 31950372 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-020-00601-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Particulate matter from natural sources such as desert dust causes harmful effects for health. Asian dust (AD) increases the risk of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). However, little is known about the risk of myocardial infarction with nonobstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA), compared to myocardial infarction with coronary artery disease (MI-CAD). Using a time-stratified case-crossover design and conditional logistic regression models, the association between short-term exposure to AD whereby decreased visibility (< 10 km) observed at each monitoring station nearest to the hospitals was used for exposure measurements and admission for AMI in the spring was investigated using a nationwide administrative database between April 2012 and March 2016. According to presence of revascularization and coronary atherosclerosis, AMI patients (n = 30,435) were divided into 2 subtypes: MI-CAD (n = 27,202) or MINOCA (n = 3233). The single lag day-2 was used in AD exposure based on the lag effect analysis. The average level of meteorological variables and co-pollutants on the 3 days prior to the case/control days were used as covariates. The occurrence of AD events 2 days before the admission was associated with admission for MINOCA after adjustment for meteorological variables [odds ratio 1.65; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.18-2.29], while the association was not observed in MI-CAD. The absolute risk difference of MINOCA admission was 1.79 (95% CI 1.21-2.38) per 100,000 person-year. These associations between AD exposure and the admission for MINOCA remained unchanged in two-pollutant models. This study provides evidence that short-term exposure to AD is associated with a higher risk of MINOCA, but not MI-CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanobu Ishii
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.,Department of Pharmacoepidemiology, Graduate School of Medical and Public Health, Kyoto University, Yoshida, Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.,National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Tomotsugu Seki
- Department of Pharmacoepidemiology, Graduate School of Medical and Public Health, Kyoto University, Yoshida, Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Koichi Kaikita
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kenji Sakamoto
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | | | - Yoko Sumita
- National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | | | | | - Teruo Noguchi
- National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yasuda
- National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | | | - Issei Komuro
- Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Saito
- School of Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Hisao Ogawa
- National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Kenichi Tsujita
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Koji Kawakami
- Department of Pharmacoepidemiology, Graduate School of Medical and Public Health, Kyoto University, Yoshida, Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.
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Zhu Y, Zhang C, Liu D, Ha S, Kim SS, Pollack A, Mendola P. Ambient Air Pollution and Risk of Gestational Hypertension. Am J Epidemiol 2017; 186:334-343. [PMID: 28472208 PMCID: PMC5860464 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwx097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Air pollution has been linked to hypertension in the general population, but data on gestational hypertension (GH) are limited. We investigated criteria air pollutants and air toxics during the period before conception and in early gestation in relation to GH risk in the Consortium on Safe Labor/Air Quality and Reproductive Health Study (United States, 2002-2008). Modified Community Multi-scale Air Quality models estimated air pollution exposures for 6,074 singleton pregnancies in which GH was present and 199,980 normotensive pregnancies. Generalized estimating equations estimated relative risks per interquartile-range increment for pollutants and high exposure (≥75th percentile) for air toxics after adjustment for major risk factors. For an interquartile-range increment, GH risk was significantly increased by 18% for sulfur dioxide during the 3 months before conception and, during gestational weeks 1-20, 17% for nitrogen oxides, 10% for particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter <2.5 μm, 7% for particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter <10 μm, and 22% for sulfur dioxide. High exposures to several polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons before conception and during the first trimester were significantly associated with 8%-20% higher risk of GH. Further, preconceptional exposures to several volatile organic compounds were significantly associated with 11%-19% higher risk. Our findings suggest that early exposures to criteria air pollutants, particularly from transport emissions, and high exposure to several air toxics before conception may increase GH risk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Pauline Mendola
- Correspondence to Dr. Pauline Mendola, Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, 6100 Executive Boulevard, Room 7B03F, Rockville, MD 20852 (e-mail: )
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A Systematic Review of Global Desert Dust and Associated Human Health Effects. ATMOSPHERE 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos7120158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Ying Z, Xie X, Bai Y, Chen M, Wang X, Zhang X, Morishita M, Sun Q, Rajagopalan S. Exposure to concentrated ambient particulate matter induces reversible increase of heart weight in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Part Fibre Toxicol 2015; 12:15. [PMID: 26108756 PMCID: PMC4479240 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-015-0092-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to ambient PM2.5 increases cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. To delineate the underlying biological mechanism, we investigated the time dependence of cardiovascular response to chronic exposure to concentrated ambient PM2.5 (CAP). METHODS Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were exposed to CAP for 15 weeks, and blood pressure (BP), cardiac function and structure, and inflammations of lung, hypothalamus, and heart were measured at different time points. RESULTS Chronic exposure to CAP significantly increased BP, and withdrawal from CAP exposure restored BP. Consistent with its BP effect, chronic exposure to CAP significantly decreased cardiac stroke volume and output in SHR, accompanied by increased heart weight and increased cardiac expression of hypertrophic markers ACTA1 and MYH7. Withdrawal from CAP exposure restored cardiac function, weight, and expression of hypertrophic markers, supporting the notion that cardiac dysfunction and hypertrophy is subsequent to hypertension. In agreement with the role of systemic inflammation in mediating the cardiovascular effects of CAP exposure, chronic exposure to CAP markedly increased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in lung, heart, and hypothalamus. However, withdrawal from exposure resolves inflammation in the heart and hypothalamus, but not in the lung, suggesting that CAP exposure-induced systemic inflammation may be independent of pulmonary inflammation. CONCLUSION Chronic exposure to CAP induces reversible cardiac dysfunction and hypertrophy, which is likely to be subsequent to the elevation in BP and induction of systemic inflammation as evidenced by increased mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in diverse tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhekang Ying
- Department of Cardiology, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Medicine Cardiology Division, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 20 Penn Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
| | - Xiaoyun Xie
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200065, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuntao Bai
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - Minjie Chen
- Department of Cardiology, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Medicine Cardiology Division, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 20 Penn Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
| | - Xiaoke Wang
- Department of Medicine Cardiology Division, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 20 Penn Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Department of Medicine Cardiology Division, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 20 Penn Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
| | - Masako Morishita
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Qinghua Sun
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - Sanjay Rajagopalan
- Department of Medicine Cardiology Division, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 20 Penn Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
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7
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Zhang X, Chen Y, Wei H, Qin Y, Hao Y, Zhu Y, Deng F, Guo X. Ultrafine carbon black attenuates the antihypertensive effect of captopril in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Inhal Toxicol 2014; 26:853-60. [DOI: 10.3109/08958378.2014.965558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Matsukawa R, Michikawa T, Ueda K, Nitta H, Kawasaki T, Tashiro H, Mohri M, Yamamoto Y. Desert dust is a risk factor for the incidence of acute myocardial infarction in Western Japan. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes 2014; 7:743-8. [PMID: 25074374 DOI: 10.1161/circoutcomes.114.000921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, there has been increasing concern about adverse health effects of exposure to desert dust events. However, the association between dust and the incidence of ischemic heart diseases is unknown. The aim of the present study was to elucidate whether Asian dust (AD), a windblown sand dust originating from mineral soil in China and Mongolia, is associated with the incidence of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). METHODS AND RESULTS We investigated the data regarding hospitalization because of AMI among 3068 consecutive patients from 4 AMI centers in Fukuoka, Japan, and data for AD from April 2003 to December 2010. We applied a time-stratified case-crossover design to examine the association between AD and the incidence of AMI. Using a conditional logistic regression analysis, we estimated the odds ratios of AMI associated with AD after controlling for ambient temperature and relative humidity. The occurrence of AD events 0 to 4 days before the day of admission was significantly associated with the incidence of AMI. In particular, the occurrence of AD 4 days before admission was significantly associated with the onset of AMI. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that exposure to AD a few days before symptom onset is associated with the incidence of AMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuichi Matsukawa
- From the Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular and Aortic center of Saiseikai Fukuoka General Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan (R.M., Y.Y.); Center for Environmental Health Sciences, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan (T.M., K.U., H.N.); Department of Cardiology, Shin-Koga Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan (T.K.); Division of Cardiology, St. Mary's Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan (H.T.); and Department of Cardiology, Japan Community Healthcare Organization (JCHO), Kyushu Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan (M.M.).
| | - Takehiro Michikawa
- From the Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular and Aortic center of Saiseikai Fukuoka General Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan (R.M., Y.Y.); Center for Environmental Health Sciences, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan (T.M., K.U., H.N.); Department of Cardiology, Shin-Koga Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan (T.K.); Division of Cardiology, St. Mary's Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan (H.T.); and Department of Cardiology, Japan Community Healthcare Organization (JCHO), Kyushu Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan (M.M.)
| | - Kayo Ueda
- From the Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular and Aortic center of Saiseikai Fukuoka General Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan (R.M., Y.Y.); Center for Environmental Health Sciences, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan (T.M., K.U., H.N.); Department of Cardiology, Shin-Koga Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan (T.K.); Division of Cardiology, St. Mary's Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan (H.T.); and Department of Cardiology, Japan Community Healthcare Organization (JCHO), Kyushu Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan (M.M.)
| | - Hiroshi Nitta
- From the Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular and Aortic center of Saiseikai Fukuoka General Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan (R.M., Y.Y.); Center for Environmental Health Sciences, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan (T.M., K.U., H.N.); Department of Cardiology, Shin-Koga Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan (T.K.); Division of Cardiology, St. Mary's Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan (H.T.); and Department of Cardiology, Japan Community Healthcare Organization (JCHO), Kyushu Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan (M.M.)
| | - Tomohiro Kawasaki
- From the Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular and Aortic center of Saiseikai Fukuoka General Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan (R.M., Y.Y.); Center for Environmental Health Sciences, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan (T.M., K.U., H.N.); Department of Cardiology, Shin-Koga Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan (T.K.); Division of Cardiology, St. Mary's Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan (H.T.); and Department of Cardiology, Japan Community Healthcare Organization (JCHO), Kyushu Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan (M.M.)
| | - Hideki Tashiro
- From the Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular and Aortic center of Saiseikai Fukuoka General Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan (R.M., Y.Y.); Center for Environmental Health Sciences, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan (T.M., K.U., H.N.); Department of Cardiology, Shin-Koga Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan (T.K.); Division of Cardiology, St. Mary's Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan (H.T.); and Department of Cardiology, Japan Community Healthcare Organization (JCHO), Kyushu Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan (M.M.)
| | - Masahiro Mohri
- From the Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular and Aortic center of Saiseikai Fukuoka General Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan (R.M., Y.Y.); Center for Environmental Health Sciences, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan (T.M., K.U., H.N.); Department of Cardiology, Shin-Koga Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan (T.K.); Division of Cardiology, St. Mary's Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan (H.T.); and Department of Cardiology, Japan Community Healthcare Organization (JCHO), Kyushu Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan (M.M.)
| | - Yusuke Yamamoto
- From the Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular and Aortic center of Saiseikai Fukuoka General Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan (R.M., Y.Y.); Center for Environmental Health Sciences, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan (T.M., K.U., H.N.); Department of Cardiology, Shin-Koga Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan (T.K.); Division of Cardiology, St. Mary's Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan (H.T.); and Department of Cardiology, Japan Community Healthcare Organization (JCHO), Kyushu Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan (M.M.)
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Brook RD, Rajagopalan S. Particulate matter, air pollution, and blood pressure. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 3:332-50. [PMID: 20409976 DOI: 10.1016/j.jash.2009.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2009] [Revised: 08/10/2009] [Accepted: 08/20/2009] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A short-term increase in fine particulate matter air pollution (PM(2.5)) concentration increases the risk for myocardial infarctions, strokes, and heart failure exacerbations. An important mechanism likely contributing to these associations is an elevation in arterial blood pressure (BP). Exposure to ambient PM(2.5) even at present-day concentrations can increase BP within a period of a few days while long-term exposure might also promote the development of chronic hypertension. Controlled human and animal experiments have corroborated the veracity of these findings and elucidated plausible biological mechanisms. PM(2.5) deposition within the pulmonary tree is capable of rapidly triggering autonomic nervous system imbalance, thereby increasing BP within minutes of inhalation. In addition, fine particles can instigate a systemic pro-inflammatory response over a more prolonged period of exposure. Higher circulating levels of activated immune cells and inflammatory cytokines could consequently cause vascular endothelial dysfunction leading to an imbalance in vascular homeostatic responses. Indeed, chronic PM(2.5) exposure augments pro-vasoconstrictive pathways while blunting vasodilator capacity. Finally, certain particle constituents (e.g., metals, organic compounds, and ultra-fine particles) might also be capable of reaching the systemic circulation upon inhalation and thereafter directly impair vascular function. At the molecular level, the generation of oxidative stress with the consequent up-regulation of redox sensitive pathways appears to be a common and fundamental mechanism involved in the instigation of these pro-hypertensive responses. Due to the ubiquitous, continuous and often involuntary nature of exposure, PM(2.5) may be an important and under-appreciated worldwide environmental risk factor for increased arterial BP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert D Brook
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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10
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Advances in Disaster Modeling, Simulation and Visualization for Sandstorm Risk Management in North China. REMOTE SENSING 2012. [DOI: 10.3390/rs4051337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Chao HJ, Chan CC, Rao CY, Lee CT, Chuang YC, Chiu YH, Hsu HH, Wu YH. The effects of transported Asian dust on the composition and concentration of ambient fungi in Taiwan. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2012; 56:211-219. [PMID: 21328007 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-011-0413-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2010] [Revised: 01/25/2011] [Accepted: 01/25/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of transported Asian dust and other environmental parameters on the levels and compositions of ambient fungi in the atmosphere of northern Taiwan. We monitored Asian dust events in Taipei County, Taiwan from January 2003 to June 2004. We used duplicate Burkard portable air samplers to collect ambient fungi before, during, and after dust events. Six transported Asian dust events were monitored during the study period. Elevated concentrations of Aspergillus (A. niger, specifically), Coelomycetes, Rhinocladiella, Sporothrix and Verticillium were noted (p < 0.05) during Asian dust periods. Botryosporium and Trichothecium were only recovered during dust event days. Multiple regression analysis showed that fungal levels were positively associated with temperature, wind speed, rainfall, non-methane hydrocarbons and particulates with aerodynamic diameters ≤10 μm (PM(10)), and negatively correlated with relative humidity and ozone. Our results demonstrated that Asian dust events affected ambient fungal concentrations and compositions in northern Taiwan. Ambient fungi also had complex dynamics with air pollutants and meteorological factors. Future studies should explore the health impacts of ambient fungi during Asian dust events, adjusting for the synergistic/antagonistic effects of weather and air pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Jasmine Chao
- School of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, 5F Health Science Building, No. 250 Wu-Hsing St, Taipei, Taiwan, 110.
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12
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Chan CC, Ng HC. A case-crossover analysis of Asian dust storms and mortality in the downwind areas using 14-year data in Taipei. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2011; 410-411:47-52. [PMID: 21995878 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2011] [Revised: 09/10/2011] [Accepted: 09/12/2011] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to assess the association between Asian dust storms (ADS) and daily mortality in Taipei, Taiwan. A time-stratified case-crossover design was used to investigate the effects of ADS on mortality. Odds ratios (ORs) of total non-accidental (ICD-9 <800), cardiovascular (ICD-9 390-459, 785), and respiratory deaths (ICD-9 460-519, 786) were estimated for residents in Taipei metropolis over a 14-year study period between 1994 and 2007 by conditional logistic regression. Air pollution levels and temperature data were recorded by a network of 16 monitoring stations spreading around Taipei. Compared with reference days, particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter less than 10 and 2.5μm (PM(10) and PM(2.5)) increased statistically significantly by 24.2μg/m(3) and 7.9μg/m(3) per dust day, respectively. There were also statistically significant increases in sulfur dioxide (SO(2)) and ozone (O(3)) but decreases in temperature during ADS. Excess deaths were increased significantly for residents of all ages for total non-accidental deaths, with OR=1.019 (95% CI 1.003-1.035), and also for residents above 65years old, with OR=1.025 (95% CI 1.006-1.044) for total non-accidental deaths and OR=1.045 (95% CI 1.0011-1.081) for cardiovascular deaths, respectively but not for respiratory deaths during ADS. Such increases in mortality remained statistically significant in the regression models with either SO(2) or O(3). This study found that acute exposure to long-range transported Asian dust can increase the number of non-accidental and cardiovascular deaths for people of all ages and the elderly population aged above 65 on the dust storm days in Taipei, Taiwan. Further studies are still needed to find out whether mass concentrations alone or specific components in PM are responsible for excess cardiovascular deaths by ADS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Chuan Chan
- Institute of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taiwan.
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Nemmar A, Dhanasekaran S, Yasin J, Ba-Omar H, Fahim MA, Kazzam EE, Ali BH. Evaluation of the direct systemic and cardiopulmonary effects of diesel particles in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Toxicology 2009; 262:50-6. [PMID: 19463885 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2009.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2009] [Revised: 05/06/2009] [Accepted: 05/07/2009] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Recent data suggest that ultrafine pollutant particles (diameter <0.1microm) may pass from the lung into the systemic circulation. However, the systemic and cardiorespiratory effects of translocated particles are not well known. In this study, we determined the direct acute (24h) effect of the systemic administration of 0.01mg/kg and 0.02mg/kg diesel exhaust particles (DEP) on systolic blood pressure, heart rate, and both systemic and pulmonary inflammation in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Compared to the blood pressure in control group, rats exposed to DEP exhibited a dose-dependent increase in systolic blood pressure, at 0.01mg/kg (P<0.05) and 0.02mg/kg (P<0.01). Likewise, the heart rate was also dose-dependently increased at 0.01mg/kg (P:NS) and 0.02mg/kg (P<0.01) compared to control SHR. DEP exposure (0.02mg/kg) significantly elevated the number of leukocytes in blood (P<0.05), interleukin-6 (IL-6, P<0.005), tumor necrosis factor alpha (P<0.05) and leukotriene B4 (LTB4, P<0.005) concentrations in plasma. Moreover, in SHR given 0.02mg/kg, the number of platelet was significantly reduced (P<0.05), whereas the tail bleeding time was prolonged (P<0.05). Pulmonary inflammations were confirmed by the presence of a significant increase in the number of macrophages (0.02mg/kg) and neutrophils (0.01 and 0.02mg/kg) and protein contents (0.02mg/kg) in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) compared to saline-treated SHR. Also, IL-6 (0.01mg/kg; P<0.05 and 0.02mg/kg; P<0.01), LTB4 (0.02mg/kg; P<0.05) concentrations in BAL and the superoxide dismutase activity (0.02mg/kg; P=0.01) were significantly elevated compared to control group. We conclude that, in SHR, the presence of DEP in the systemic circulation leads not only to cardiac and systemic changes, but also triggers pulmonary inflammatory reaction involving IL-6, LTB4 and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abderrahim Nemmar
- Department of Physiology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
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