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Martignago CCS, Soares-Silva B, Parisi JR, Silva LCSE, Granito RN, Ribeiro AM, Renno ACM, de Sousa LRF, Aguiar ACC. Terpenes extracted from marine sponges with antioxidant activity: a systematic review. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2023; 13:23. [PMID: 37553481 PMCID: PMC10409963 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-023-00387-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Marine biodiversity has emerged as a very promising resource of bioactive compounds and secondary metabolites from different sea organisms. The sponge's secondary metabolites demonstrated various bioactivities and potential pharmacological properties. This systematic review of the literature focuses on the advances achieved in the antioxidant potential of marine sponges in vitro. The review was performed in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. The main inclusion criterion for analysis was articles with identification of compounds from terpene classes that demonstrate antioxidant activity in vitro. Searching in three different databases, two hundred articles were selected. After screening abstracts, titles and evaluating for eligibility of manuscripts 14 articles were included. The most performed analyzes to detect antioxidant activity were scavenging activity 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and measurement of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). It was possible to identify 17 compounds of the terpene class with pronounced antioxidant activity in vitro. Scientific evidence of the studies included in this review was accessed by the GRADE analysis. Terpenes play an important ecological role, moreover these molecules have a pharmaceutical and industrial application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cintia Cristina Santi Martignago
- Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Silva Jardim 136, Edifício Central, Santos, SP, 11015-020, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Soares-Silva
- Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Silva Jardim 136, Edifício Central, Santos, SP, 11015-020, Brazil
| | - Julia Risso Parisi
- Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Silva Jardim 136, Edifício Central, Santos, SP, 11015-020, Brazil
| | - Lais Caroline Souza E Silva
- Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Silva Jardim 136, Edifício Central, Santos, SP, 11015-020, Brazil
| | - Renata Neves Granito
- Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Silva Jardim 136, Edifício Central, Santos, SP, 11015-020, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Mussi Ribeiro
- Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Silva Jardim 136, Edifício Central, Santos, SP, 11015-020, Brazil
| | - Ana Cláudia Muniz Renno
- Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Silva Jardim 136, Edifício Central, Santos, SP, 11015-020, Brazil
| | - Lorena Ramos Freitas de Sousa
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Catalão (UFCAT), Av. Dr. Lamartine Pinto de Avelar, 1120 Vila Chaud, Catalão, GO, 75704-020, Brazil.
| | - Anna Caroline Campos Aguiar
- Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Silva Jardim 136, Edifício Central, Santos, SP, 11015-020, Brazil.
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Jaćimović S, Kiprovski B, Ristivojević P, Dimić D, Nakarada Đ, Dojčinović B, Sikora V, Teslić N, Pantelić NĐ. Chemical Composition, Antioxidant Potential, and Nutritional Evaluation of Cultivated Sorghum Grains: A Combined Experimental, Theoretical, and Multivariate Analysis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1485. [PMID: 37627480 PMCID: PMC10451854 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12081485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Sorghum grain (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) is a gluten-free cereal with excellent nutritional value and is a good source of antioxidants, including polyphenols, as well as minerals with proven health benefits. Herein, the phenolic composition, elemental profile, and antioxidant activity of sixteen food-grade sorghum grains (S1-S16) grown under agroecological conditions in Serbia were determined. Nine phenolic compounds characteristic of sorghum grains, such as luteolinidin, 5-methoxyluteolinidin, luteolidin derivative, luteolidin glucoside, apigeninidin, 7-methoxyapigeninidin, apigeninidin glucoside, and cyanidin derivative, were quantified. The antioxidant potential of the analyzed sorghum grains was evaluated by UV/Vis (DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP) and Electron Paramagnetic Resonance spectroscopy (hydroxyl and ascorbyl radical scavenging assays). The content of macro- and microelements was determined by Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission spectroscopy. Theoretical daily intakes of selected major and trace elements were assessed and compared with the Recommended Daily Allowance or Adequate Intake. Sample S8 had the highest amount of phenolic compounds, while S4, S6, and S8 exhibited the strongest antioxidative potential. The sorghum studied could completely satisfy the daily needs of macro- (K, Mg, and P) and microelements (Se, Zn, Fe). Pattern recognition techniques confirmed the discrimination of samples based on phenolic profile and elemental analysis and recognized the main markers responsible for differences between the investigated samples. The reaction between hydroxyl radicals and luteolinidin/apigeninidin was investigated by Density Functional Theory and thermodynamically preferred mechanism was determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Jaćimović
- Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, Maksima Gorkog 30, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (S.J.); (B.K.); (V.S.)
| | - Biljana Kiprovski
- Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, Maksima Gorkog 30, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (S.J.); (B.K.); (V.S.)
| | - Petar Ristivojević
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Dušan Dimić
- Faculty of Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.D.); (Đ.N.)
| | - Đura Nakarada
- Faculty of Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.D.); (Đ.N.)
| | - Biljana Dojčinović
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Vladimir Sikora
- Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, Maksima Gorkog 30, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (S.J.); (B.K.); (V.S.)
| | - Nemanja Teslić
- Institute of Food Technology, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia;
| | - Nebojša Đ. Pantelić
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Nemanjina 6, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
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Solanum dulcamara L. Berries: A Convenient Model System to Study Redox Processes in Relation to Fruit Ripening. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020346. [PMID: 36829905 PMCID: PMC9952312 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study provides, for the first time, a physicochemical and biochemical characterization of the redox processes associated with the ripening of Solanum dulcamara L. (bittersweet) berries. Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (EPRS) and Imaging (EPRI) measurements of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were performed in parallel with the tissue-specific metabolic profiling of major antioxidants and assessment of antioxidant enzymes activity. Fruit transition from the mature green (MG) to ripe red (RR) stage involved changes in the qualitative and quantitative content of antioxidants and the associated cellular oxidation and peroxidation processes. The skin of bittersweet berries, which was the major source of antioxidants, exhibited the highest antioxidant potential against DPPH radicals and nitroxyl spin probe 3CP. The efficient enzymatic antioxidant system played a critical protective role against the deleterious effects of progressive oxidative stress during ripening. Here, we present the EPRI methodology to assess the redox status of fruits and to discriminate between the redox states of different tissues. Interestingly, the intracellular reoxidation of cell-permeable nitroxide probe 3CP was observed for the first time in fruits or any other plant tissue, and its intensity is herein proposed as a reliable indicator of oxidative stress during ripening. The described noninvasive EPRI technique has the potential to have broader application in the study of redox processes associated with the development, senescence, and postharvest storage of fruits, as well as other circumstances in which oxidative stress is implicated.
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Milosavljević DM, Maksimović VM, Milivojević JM, Nakarada ĐJ, Mojović MD, Dragišić Maksimović JJ. Rich in Phenolics-Strong Antioxidant Fruit? Comparative Study of 25 Strawberry Cultivars. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3566. [PMID: 36559677 PMCID: PMC9784063 DOI: 10.3390/plants11243566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Phenolic compounds of 25 newly introduced strawberry cultivars were profiled using spectrophotometry, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, and high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Total phenolic and anthocyanin content (TPC and TACY, respectively), as well as vitamin C, and concentrations of individual phenolic compounds in fruits were evaluated to identify the most promising cultivars according to their phenolic profile. The highest values of TPC, TACY, and vitamin C were recorded in 'Premy' (1.53 mg eq GA g-1 FW), 'Sandra' (30.60 mg eq Pg-3-g 100 g-1 FW), and 'Laetitia' (56.32 mg 100 g-1 FW), respectively. The DPPH and •OH radicals scavenging activity of fruit methanolic extracts was estimated using EPR spectroscopy. All cultivars are almost uniformly effective in the scavenging of •OH radical, while 'Tea', 'Premy', and 'Joly' were marked as highly potent cultivars (over 70%) in terms of DPPH-antiradical activity. Specific peroxidase activities were the highest in 'Garda', 'Federica', and 'Rumba' (0.11, 0.08, and 0.06 U mg-1 prot, respectively). 'Laetitia', 'Joly', 'Arianna', 'Tea', and 'Mila' cultivars were distinguished from others as the richest concerning almost all flavonoids and phenolic acids, including some other parameters of bioactivity. These cultivars could be recommended to consumers as functional fruit foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragica M. Milosavljević
- Department of Life Sciences, Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vuk M. Maksimović
- Department of Life Sciences, Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Đura J. Nakarada
- Faculty of Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Miloš D. Mojović
- Faculty of Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena J. Dragišić Maksimović
- Department of Life Sciences, Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia
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Morais SR, K C, Jeyabalan S, Wong LS, Sekar M, Chidambaram K, Gan SH, Begum MY, Izzati Mat Rani NN, Subramaniyan V, Fuloria S, Fuloria NK, Safi SZ, Sathasivam KV, Selvaraj S, Sharma VK. Anticancer potential of Spirastrella pachyspira (marine sponge) against SK-BR-3 human breast cancer cell line and in silico analysis of its bioactive molecule sphingosine. FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE 2022; 9. [DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2022.950880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
The rate of breast cancer is rapidly increasing and discovering medications with therapeutic effects play a significant role in women’s health. Drugs derived from marine sponges have recently received FDA approval for the treatment of malignant tumors, including metastatic breast cancer. Spirastrella pachyspira (marine sponge) is mainly obtained from the western coastal region of India, and its anticancer potential has not been explored. Hence, the present study aimed to evaluate the anticancer potential of Spirastrella pachyspira extracts and its bioactive molecule sphingosine. The extracts were prepared using hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and ethanol. The cytotoxic potential of the extracts were determined by an in-vitro MTT assay using SK-BR-3 cancer cell line. Subsequently, acute toxicity investigation was conducted in Swiss albino mice. Then, the anticancer effects of the extract was investigated in a xenograft model of SK-BR-3 caused breast cancer. DAPI staining was used to assess the extract’s ability to induce apoptosis. In addition, in-silico study was conducted on sphingosine with extracellular site of HER2. The ethyl acetate extract of Spirastrella pachyspira (IC50: 0.04 µg/ml) showed comparable anticancer effects with standard doxorubicin (IC50: 0.054 µg/ml). The LD50 of the extracts in acute toxicity testing was fund to be 2000 mg/kg b.wt. The survival index of mice in ethanol extract was 83.33%, whereas that of standard doxirubicin was 100%, indicating that ethyl acetate extract Spirastrella pachyspira has good antiproliferative/cytotoxic properties. The results were well comparable with standard doxorubicin. Further, the docking studies of sphingosine against HER2 demonstrated that the bioactive molecule engage with the extracellular region of HER2 and block the protein as also shown by standard trastuzumab. The findings of this research suggest that Spirastrella pachyspira and sphingosine may be potential candidate for the treatments of breast cancer, particularly for HER2 positive cells. Overall, the present results demonstrate that sphingosine looks like a promising molecule for the development of new drugs for the treatment of cancer. However, in order to carefully define the sphingosine risk-benefit ratio, future research should focus on evaluating in-vivo and clinical anticancer studies. This will involve balancing both their broad-spectrum effectiveness and their toxicity.
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Krunić M, Ristić B, Bošnjak M, Paunović V, Tovilović-Kovačević G, Zogović N, Mirčić A, Marković Z, Todorović-Marković B, Jovanović S, Kleut D, Mojović M, Nakarada Đ, Marković O, Vuković I, Harhaji-Trajković L, Trajković V. Graphene quantum dot antioxidant and proautophagic actions protect SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells from oxidative stress-mediated apoptotic death. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 177:167-180. [PMID: 34678419 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the ability of graphene quantum dot (GQD) nanoparticles to protect SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells from oxidative/nitrosative stress induced by iron-nitrosyl complex sodium nitroprusside (SNP). GQD reduced SNP cytotoxicity by preventing mitochondrial depolarization, caspase-2 activation, and subsequent apoptotic death. Although GQD diminished the levels of nitric oxide (NO) in SNP-exposed cells, NO scavengers displayed only a slight protective effect, suggesting that NO quenching was not the main protective mechanism of GQD. GQD also reduced SNP-triggered increase in the intracellular levels of hydroxyl radical (•OH), superoxide anion (O2•-), and lipid peroxidation. Nonselective antioxidants, •OH scavenging, and iron chelators, but not superoxide dismutase, mimicked GQD cytoprotective activity, indicating that GQD protect cells by neutralizing •OH generated in the presence of SNP-released iron. Cellular internalization of GQD was required for optimal protection, since a removal of extracellular GQD by extensive washing only partly diminished their protective effect. Moreover, GQD cooperated with SNP to induce autophagy, as confirmed by the inhibition of autophagy-limiting Akt/PRAS40/mTOR signaling and increase in autophagy gene transcription, protein levels of proautophagic beclin-1 and LC3-II, formation of autophagic vesicles, and degradation of autophagic target p62. The antioxidant activity of GQD was not involved in autophagy induction, as antioxidants N-acetylcysteine and dimethyl sulfoxide failed to stimulate autophagy in SNP-exposed cells. Pharmacological inhibitors of early (wortmannin, 3-methyladenine) or late stages of autophagy (NH4Cl) efficiently reduced the protective effect of GQD. Therefore, the ability of GQD to prevent the in vitro neurotoxicity of SNP depends on both •OH/NO scavenging and induction of cytoprotective autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matija Krunić
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotića 1, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Biljana Ristić
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotića 1, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mihajlo Bošnjak
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotića 1, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Verica Paunović
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotića 1, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Gordana Tovilović-Kovačević
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research, "Siniša Stanković"- National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nevena Zogović
- Department of Neurophysiology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandar Mirčić
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Višegradska 26, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zoran Marković
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade P.O. Box 522, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Biljana Todorović-Marković
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade P.O. Box 522, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Svetlana Jovanović
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade P.O. Box 522, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Duška Kleut
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade P.O. Box 522, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Miloš Mojović
- Faculty of Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski Trg 12-16, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Đura Nakarada
- Faculty of Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski Trg 12-16, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Olivera Marković
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Njegoševa 12, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Irena Vuković
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotića 1, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ljubica Harhaji-Trajković
- Department of Neurophysiology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Vladimir Trajković
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotića 1, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia.
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Šturm L, Poklar Ulrih N. Basic Methods for Preparation of Liposomes and Studying Their Interactions with Different Compounds, with the Emphasis on Polyphenols. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6547. [PMID: 34207189 PMCID: PMC8234105 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Studying the interactions between lipid membranes and various bioactive molecules (e.g., polyphenols) is important for determining the effects they can have on the functionality of lipid bilayers. This knowledge allows us to use the chosen compounds as potential inhibitors of bacterial and cancer cells, for elimination of viruses, or simply for keeping our healthy cells in good condition. As studying those effect can be exceedingly difficult on living cells, model lipid membranes, such as liposomes, can be used instead. Liposomal bilayer systems represent the most basic platform for studying those interactions, as they are simple, quite easy to prepare and relatively stable. They are especially useful for investigating the effects of bioactive compounds on the structure and kinetics of simple lipid membranes. In this review, we have described the most basic methods available for preparation of liposomes, as well as the essential techniques for studying the effects of bioactive compounds on those liposomes. Additionally, we have provided details for an easy laboratory implementation of some of the described methods, which should prove useful especially to those relatively new on this research field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nataša Poklar Ulrih
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
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Pitchuanchom S, Mahiwan C, Chotichayapong C, Kanokmedhakul S, Poopasit K, Nontakitticharoen M. Phytochemicals from twigs of Afzelia xylocarpa and their antioxidation kinetics of oxymyoglobin. Nat Prod Res 2021; 36:2615-2619. [PMID: 33847198 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2021.1912746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The phytochemical investigation of crude n-hexane and ethyl acetate extracts from twigs of Afzelia xylocarpa (Kurz) led to the isolation of 14 known compounds. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic techniques (IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and 2D NMR) as well as mass spectrometry. These structures were characterized as β-sitosterol (1), lupeol (2), vanilic acid (3), 5,7-dihydroxychromone (4), (+)-mellein (5), isoliquiritigenin (6), 7-hydroxyemodin (7), physion (8), aromadendrin (9), naringenin (10), apigenin (11), luteolin (12), chrysoeriol (13) and kaempferol (14). Compounds 4-7 and 12-13 were isolated from the genus Afzelia for the first time. The selected compounds 5, 8, 9 and 12 exhibited potent activity for antioxidation kinetics of oxymyoglobin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siripit Pitchuanchom
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham, Thailand
| | | | - Chatrachatchaya Chotichayapong
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Liberals Arts, Rajamangala University of Technology Isan, Naknon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Somdej Kanokmedhakul
- Natural Products Research Unit, Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Kitisak Poopasit
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Mongkol Nontakitticharoen
- Natural Products Research Unit, Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
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