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Intravenous administration of human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells improves outcomes in rats with acute traumatic spinal cord injury. Neuroreport 2021; 31:730-736. [PMID: 32501888 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We previously reported that intraspinal transplantation of human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs) promotes functional recovery in a rat model of acute traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI). However, whether intravenous transplantation of hAMSCs also has therapeutic benefit remains uncertain. In this study, we assessed whether intravenous transplantation of hAMSCs improves outcomes in rats with acute traumatic SCI. In addition, the potential mechanisms underlying the possible benefits of this therapy were investigated. Adult female Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to SCI using a weight drop device, and then hAMSCs or PBS were administered after 2 h via the tail vein. Our results indicated that transplanted hAMSCs could migrate to injured spinal cord lesion. Compared with the control group, hAMSCs transplantation significantly decreased the numbers of ED1 macrophages/microglia and caspase-3 cells, and reduced levels of inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-6 and IL-1β. In addition, hAMSCs transplantation significantly attenuated Evans blue extravasation, promoted angiogenesis and axonal regeneration. hAMSCs transplantation also significantly improved functional recovery. These results suggest that intravenous administration of hAMSCs provides neuroprotective effects in rats after acute SCI, and could be an alternative therapeutic approach for the treatment of acute SCI.
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2
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Peyraga G, Ducassou A, Arnaud FX, Lizée T, Pouédras J, Moyal É. [Radiotherapy and spinal toxicity: News and perspectives]. Cancer Radiother 2020; 25:55-61. [PMID: 33303351 DOI: 10.1016/j.canrad.2020.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Radiation-induced myelopathy is a devastating late effect of radiotherapy. Fortunately, this late effect is exceptional. The clinical presentation of radiation myelopathy is aspecific, typically occurring between 6 to 24 months after radiotherapy, and radiation-induced myelopathy remains a diagnosis of exclusion. Magnetic resonance imaging is the most commonly used imaging tool. Radiation oncologists must be extremely cautious to the spinal cord dose, particularly in stereotactic radiotherapy and reirradiation. Conventionally, a maximum dose of 50Gy is tolerated in normofractionated radiotherapy (1.8 to 2Gy per fraction). Repeat radiotherapies lead to consider cumulative doses above this recommendation to offer individualized reirradiation. Several factors increase the risk of radiation-induced myelopathy, such as concomitant or neurotoxic chemotherapy. The development of predictive algorithms to prevent the risk of radiation-induced myelopathy is promising. However, radiotherapy prescription should be cautious, regarding to ALARA principle (as low as reasonably achievable). As the advent of immunotherapy has improved patient survival data and the concept of oligometastatic cancer is increasing in daily practice, stereotactic treatments and reirradiations will be increasingly frequent indications. Predict the risk of radiation-induced myelopathy is therefore a major issue in the following years, and remains a daily challenge for radiation oncologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Peyraga
- Service de radiothérapie, groupe de radiothérapie et d'oncologie des Pyrénées (Grop), chemin de l'Ormeau, 65000 Tarbes, France.
| | - A Ducassou
- Service de radiothérapie, Institut universitaire du cancer de Toulouse (Oncopole), 1, avenue Irène-Joliot-Curie, 31000 Toulouse, France
| | - F-X Arnaud
- Service de radiothérapie, Institut universitaire du cancer de Toulouse (Oncopole), 1, avenue Irène-Joliot-Curie, 31000 Toulouse, France
| | - T Lizée
- Service de radiothérapie, Institut cancérologique de l'ouest, centre Paul-Papin, 15, rue André-Bocquel, 49055 Angers, France
| | - J Pouédras
- Service de radiothérapie, Institut universitaire du cancer de Toulouse (Oncopole), 1, avenue Irène-Joliot-Curie, 31000 Toulouse, France
| | - É Moyal
- Service de radiothérapie, Institut universitaire du cancer de Toulouse (Oncopole), 1, avenue Irène-Joliot-Curie, 31000 Toulouse, France
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3
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Sarmah D, Kaur H, Saraf J, Pravalika K, Goswami A, Kalia K, Borah A, Wang X, Dave KR, Yavagal DR, Bhattacharya P. Getting Closer to an Effective Intervention of Ischemic Stroke: The Big Promise of Stem Cell. Transl Stroke Res 2017; 9:356-374. [PMID: 29075984 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-017-0580-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell therapy for ischemic stroke has widely been explored. Results from both preclinical and clinical studies have immensely supported the judicious use of stem cells as therapy. These provide an attractive means for preserving and replacing the damaged brain tissues following an ischemic attack. Since the past few years, researchers have used various types of stem cells to replenish insulted neuronal and glial cells in neurological disorders. In the present review, we discuss different types of stem cells employed for the treatment of ischemic stroke and mechanisms and challenges these cells face once introduced into the living system. Further, we also present different ways to maneuver and overcome challenges to translate the advances made at the preclinical level to clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepaneeta Sarmah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, India
| | - Harpreet Kaur
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, India
| | - Jackson Saraf
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, India
| | - Kanta Pravalika
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, India
| | - Avirag Goswami
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Kiran Kalia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, India
| | - Anupom Borah
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, India
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kunjan R Dave
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Dileep R Yavagal
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Pallab Bhattacharya
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, India.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Barazzetti G, Hurst SA, Mauron A. Adapting Preclinical Benchmarks for First-in-Human Trials of Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Based Therapies. Stem Cells Transl Med 2016; 5:1058-66. [PMID: 27334488 PMCID: PMC4954447 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2015-0222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED : As research on human embryonic stem cell (hESC)-based therapies is moving from the laboratory to the clinic, there is an urgent need to assess when it can be ethically justified to make the step from preclinical studies to the first protocols involving human subjects. We examined existing regulatory frameworks stating preclinical requirements relevant to the move to first-in-human (FIH) trials and assessed how they may be applied in the context of hESC-based interventions to best protect research participants. Our findings show that some preclinical benchmarks require rethinking (i.e., identity, purity), while others need to be specified (i.e., potency, viability), owing to the distinctive dynamic heterogeneity of hESC-based products, which increases uncertainty and persistence of safety risks and allows for limited predictions of effects in vivo. Rethinking or adaptation of how to apply preclinical benchmarks in specific cases will be required repeatedly for different hESC-based products. This process would benefit from mutual learning if researchers included these components in the description of their methods in publications. SIGNIFICANCE To design translational research with an eye to protecting human participants in early trials, researchers and regulators need to start their efforts at the preclinical stage. Existing regulatory frameworks for preclinical research, however, are not really adapted to this in the case of stem cell translational medicine. This article reviews existing regulatory frameworks for preclinical requirements and assesses how their underlying principles may best be applied in the context of human embryonic stem cell-based interventions for the therapy of Parkinson's disease. This research will help to address the question of when it is ethically justified to start first-in-human trials in stem cell translational medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Barazzetti
- Institut Universitaire d'Histoire de la Medicine et de la Santé Publique (IUHMSP), University of Lausanne-CHUV Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Samia A Hurst
- iEH2-Institut Ethique Histoire Humanités, Geneva University Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Alexandre Mauron
- iEH2-Institut Ethique Histoire Humanités, Geneva University Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
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Nasli-Esfahani E, Ghadami M, Amini P, Amiri S, Ghodsi M, Rambod C, Tootee A, Larijani B. Transitional Meningioma After Fetal Liver-Derived Cell Suspension Allotransplant: A Case Report. EXP CLIN TRANSPLANT 2016; 15:231-234. [PMID: 26788941 DOI: 10.6002/ect.2014.0243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a disease with no definite cure. In recent years, stem cell transplant has led to treatment of various diseases including diabetes. We sought to report a type 1 diabetic patient with a brain mass, diagnosed as transitional meningioma, after a fetal hematopoietic stem cell transplant. A 57-year-old woman with type 1 diabetes who previously had undergone a fetal hematopoietic stem cell transplant, attended the clinic with a history of progressive bifrontal headaches accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and visual disturbances over the previous 8 months. Investigations revealed a 2-cm mass in the right temporal region. The patient underwent a craniotomy, and the lesion was removed and sent for pathological and genetic investigations. The results indicated transitional meningioma with the origin of transplanted fetal hematopoietic stem cells. To our knowledge, this is the first report of transitional meningioma as a result of stem cell transplant. Despite all unanswered questions about the safety of stem cell transplant, this novel therapy provides hope for patients with type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ensieh Nasli-Esfahani
- >From the Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute; and the 2Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Golas AR, Hernandez KA, Spector JA. Tissue engineering for plastic surgeons: a primer. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2014; 38:207-221. [PMID: 24378377 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-013-0255-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
A central tenet of reconstructive surgery is the principle of "replacing like with like." However, due to limitations in the availability of autologous tissue or because of the complications that may ensue from harvesting it, autologous reconstruction may be impractical to perform or too costly in terms of patient donor-site morbidity. The field of tissue engineering has long held promise to alleviate these shortcomings. Scaffolds are the structural building blocks of tissue-engineered constructs, akin to the extracellular matrix within native tissues. Commonly used scaffolds include allogenic or xenogenic decellularized tissue, synthetic or naturally derived hydrogels, and synthetic biodegradable nonhydrogel polymeric scaffolds. Embryonic, induced pluripotent, and mesenchymal stem cells also hold immense potential for regenerative purposes. Chemical signals including growth factors and cytokines may be harnessed to augment wound healing and tissue regeneration. Tissue engineering is already clinically prevalent in the fields of breast augmentation and reconstruction, skin substitutes, wound healing, auricular reconstruction, and bone, cartilage, and nerve grafting. Future directions for tissue engineering in plastic surgery include the development of prevascularized constructs and rationally designed scaffolds, the use of stem cells to regenerate organs and tissues, and gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa Reiffel Golas
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, 525 E 68th Street, Payson 709A, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
| | - Karina A Hernandez
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, 525 E 68th Street, Payson 709A, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Jason A Spector
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, 525 E 68th Street, Payson 709A, New York, NY, 10065, USA
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Hagl CI, Heumüller-Klug S, Wink E, Wessel L, Schäfer KH. The human gastrointestinal tract, a potential autologous neural stem cell source. PLoS One 2013; 8:e72948. [PMID: 24023797 PMCID: PMC3762931 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0072948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cell therapies seem to be an appropriate tool for the treatment of a variety of diseases, especially when a substantial cell loss leads to a severe clinical impact. This is the case in most neuronal cell losses. Unfortunately, adequate neural stem cell sources are hard to find and current alternatives, such as induced programmed stem cells, still have incalculable risks. Evidence of neurogenesis in the adult human enteric nervous system brought up a new perspective. In humans the appendix harbors enteric neuronal tissue and is an ideal location where the presence of neural stem cells is combined with a minimal invasive accessibility. In this study appendices from adults and children were investigated concerning their neural stem cell potential. From each appendix tissue samples were collected, and processed for immunohistochemistry or enteric neural progenitor cell generation. Free-floating enteric neurospheres (EnNS's) could be generated after 6 days in vitro. EnNS's were either used for transplantation into rat brain slices or differentiation experiments. Both transplanted spheres and control cultures developed an intricate network with glia, neurons and interconnecting fibers, as seen in primary enteric cultures before. Neuronal, glial and neural stem cell markers could be identified both in vitro and in vivo by immunostaining. The study underlines the potential of the enteric nervous system as an autologous neural stem cell source. Using the appendix as a potential target opens up a new perspective that might lead to a relatively unproblematic harvest of neural stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Irene Hagl
- Clinic of Pediatric Surgery, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg Mannheim, Germany
| | - Sabine Heumüller-Klug
- Clinic of Pediatric Surgery, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg Mannheim, Germany
| | - Elvira Wink
- Clinic of Pediatric Surgery, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg Mannheim, Germany
| | - Lucas Wessel
- Clinic of Pediatric Surgery, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg Mannheim, Germany
| | - Karl-Herbert Schäfer
- Clinic of Pediatric Surgery, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg Mannheim, Germany
- Life Science Department, Faculty of Computer Sciences and Microsystems Technology, University of Applied Sciences, Zweibrücken, Germany
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8
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Epidermal stem cells and their epigenetic regulation. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:17861-80. [PMID: 23999591 PMCID: PMC3794757 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140917861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Revised: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells play an essential role in embryonic development, cell differentiation and tissue regeneration. Tissue homeostasis in adults is maintained by adult stem cells resident in the niches of different tissues. As one kind of adult stem cell, epidermal stem cells have the potential to generate diversified types of progeny cells in the skin. Although its biology is still largely unclarified, epidermal stem cells are widely used in stem cell research and regenerative medicine given its easy accessibility and pluripotency. Despite the same genome, cells within an organism have different fates due to the epigenetic regulation of gene expression. In this review, we will briefly discuss the current understanding of epigenetic modulation in epidermal stem cells.
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Li J, Lepski G. Cell transplantation for spinal cord injury: a systematic review. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:786475. [PMID: 23484157 PMCID: PMC3581246 DOI: 10.1155/2013/786475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Revised: 11/16/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cell transplantation, as a therapeutic intervention for spinal cord injury (SCI), has been extensively studied by researchers in recent years. A number of different kinds of stem cells, neural progenitors, and glial cells have been tested in basic research, and most have been excluded from clinical studies because of a variety of reasons, including safety and efficacy. The signaling pathways, protein interactions, cellular behavior, and the differentiated fates of experimental cells have been studied in vitro in detail. Furthermore, the survival, proliferation, differentiation, and effects on promoting functional recovery of transplanted cells have also been examined in different animal SCI models. However, despite significant progress, a "bench to bedside" gap still exists. In this paper, we comprehensively cover publications in the field from the last years. The most commonly utilized cell lineages were covered in this paper and specific areas covered include survival of grafted cells, axonal regeneration and remyelination, sensory and motor functional recovery, and electrophysiological improvements. Finally we also review the literature on the in vivo tracking techniques for transplanted cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Eberhard Karls University, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Luzhou Medical College, 646000 Luzhou, China
| | - Guilherme Lepski
- Department of Neurosurgery, Eberhard Karls University, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Avnida Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar 255, 05403-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Zacharias DG, Nelson TJ, Mueller PS, Hook CC. Impedance of novel therapeutic technologies: the case of stem cells. Clin Transl Sci 2012; 5:422-7. [PMID: 23067356 DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-8062.2012.00434.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Embryonic stem cell (ES) technology has advanced considerably within the past three decades and has gained prominent distinction within the emerging field of regenerative medicine. As it now enters the nascent stages of clinical application, many hopes and expectations arise along with questions as to where the technology will go. This paper evaluates the technical and practical obstacles that must be overcome before it can fully translate into the clinical context, the existence of strong opposition to the technology, political and legal barriers that have impeded its progression, and the role of healthcare reform in creating new social and economic priorities. In contrast to the technological imperative, a driving force seeking to implement the most recent scientific advances into medical practice, we refer to such translational obstacles as "technological impedance." Rather than expending inordinate effort to preserve existing systems that continue to possess major hurdles, we advocate fostering interdisciplinary approaches in the development of new generation platforms and embracing disruptive innovations that create solutions to technological impedance and move us forward in healthcare delivery. Clin Trans Sci 2012; Volume 5: 422-427.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G Zacharias
- Harvard School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Ramos-Zúñiga R, González-Pérez O, Macías-Ornelas A, Capilla-González V, Quiñones-Hinojosa A. Ethical implications in the use of embryonic and adult neural stem cells. Stem Cells Int 2012; 2012:470949. [PMID: 22997522 PMCID: PMC3444931 DOI: 10.1155/2012/470949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2012] [Accepted: 08/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The advent and growth of technological advances have led to new routes of knowledge. Thereby, we currently face new challenges. We have just started to get a glimpse of the structural and functional role of neural stem cells in differentiation and migration processes, the origin of synaptic networks, and subsequent readjustments in specific circuits. A whole range of treatment possibilities originates from this knowledge that potentially can be used for different neurological diseases in humans. Although this is an encouraging scenario, it implies that the human brain is the object of such study, as well as its potential manipulation and transplantation. It is, therefore, pertinent that ethical principles should be followed in such research to have proper balance between what can be done and what should be done, according to every specific context. Hence, it is wise to consider ethical implications in every research project, along with potential clinical applications, under the principle of causing no harm, following risk and benefit rules in decision making and with respect of the human condition as a priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Ramos-Zúñiga
- Department of Neurosciences, CUCS, Universidad de Guadalajara, 44630 Guadalajara, JAL, Mexico
| | - Oscar González-Pérez
- Department of Neurosciences, CUCS, Universidad de Guadalajara, 44630 Guadalajara, JAL, Mexico
| | - Ana Macías-Ornelas
- Department of Neurosciences, CUCS, Universidad de Guadalajara, 44630 Guadalajara, JAL, Mexico
| | - Vivian Capilla-González
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Stem Cells Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 4940, USA
| | - Alfredo Quiñones-Hinojosa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Stem Cells Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 4940, USA
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Feline Neural Progenitor Cells I: Long-Term Expansion under Defined Culture Conditions. Stem Cells Int 2012; 2012:108340. [PMID: 22577394 PMCID: PMC3347782 DOI: 10.1155/2012/108340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2011] [Accepted: 02/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural progenitor cells (NPCs) of feline origin (cNPCs) have demonstrated utility in transplantation experiments, yet are difficult to grow in culture beyond the 1 month time frame. Here we use an enriched, serum-free base medium (Ultraculture) and report the successful long-term propagation of these cells. Primary cultures were derived from fetal brain tissue and passaged in DMEM/F12-based or Ultraculture-based proliferation media, both in the presence of EGF + bFGF. Cells in standard DMEM/F12-based medium ceased to proliferate by 1-month, whereas the cells in the Ultraculture-based medium continued to grow for at least 5 months (end of study) with no evidence of senescence. The Ultraculture-based cultures expressed lower levels of progenitor and lineage-associated markers under proliferation conditions but retained multipotency as evidenced by the ability to differentiate into neurons and glia following growth factor removal in the presence of FBS. Importantly, later passage cNPCs did not develop chromosomal aberrations.
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Titomanlio L, Kavelaars A, Dalous J, Mani S, El Ghouzzi V, Heijnen C, Baud O, Gressens P. Stem cell therapy for neonatal brain injury: perspectives and challenges. Ann Neurol 2012; 70:698-712. [PMID: 22162055 DOI: 10.1002/ana.22518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral palsy is a major health problem caused by brain damage during pregnancy, delivery, or the immediate postnatal period. Perinatal stroke, intraventricular hemorrhage, and asphyxia are the most common causes of neonatal brain damage. Periventricular white matter damage (periventricular leukomalacia) is the predominant form in premature infants and the most common antecedent of cerebral palsy. Stem cell treatment has proven effective in restoring injured organs and tissues in animal models. The potential of stem cells for self-renewal and differentiation translates into substantial neuroprotection and neuroregeneration in the animal brain, with minimal risks of rejection and side effects. Stem cell treatments described to date have used neural stem cells, embryonic stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells, umbilical cord stem cells, and induced pluripotent stem cells. Most of these treatments are still experimental. In this review, we focus on the efficacy of stem cell therapy in animal models of cerebral palsy, and discuss potential implications for current and future clinical trials.
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Krawetz RJ, Taiani JT, Wu YE, Liu S, Meng G, Matyas JR, Rancourt DE. Collagen I scaffolds cross-linked with beta-glycerol phosphate induce osteogenic differentiation of embryonic stem cells in vitro and regulate their tumorigenic potential in vivo. Tissue Eng Part A 2012; 18:1014-24. [PMID: 22166057 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2011.0174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) have the potential to differentiate into all tissues of the adult organism. This, along with the ability for unlimited self-renewal, positions these cells for regenerative medicine approaches based on tissue engineering strategies. With the objective of developing a treatment regime for skeletal injuries and diseases, this study presents a novel protocol that effectively induces ESC differentiation into osteogenic and chondrogenic lineages while concurrently eliminating observed tumorigenicity during the period of observation after transplantation in vivo. Exposure to a collagen I matrix polymerized with beta-glycerol phosphate (BGP) induced the osteogenic differentiation of the ESCs with an efficiency of >80% without purification and/or lineage-specific cell selection. Furthermore, when the collagen I matrix was supplemented with chondroitin sulfate, chondrogenesis was promoted instead of osteogenesis. Interestingly, without purification of the differentiated cells from the collagen I matrix, these constructs did not lead to the formation of teratomas or tumors when implanted subcutaneously in a severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID). Furthermore, if undifferentiated ESCs were mixed with collagen I and then injected immediately (i.e., without previous in vitro differentiation), again, no teratomas or tumors were observed, whereas undifferentiated ESCs without collagen scaffolds all produced teratomas in this bioassay system. These results suggest that collagen I scaffolds not only induce osteogenic differentiation of ESCs, but also prevent ESCs from producing unwanted tumors when injected in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman J Krawetz
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
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Hermerén G. Ethical challenges for using human cells in clinical cell therapy. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-59575-1.00002-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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16
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Arboleda D, Forostyak S, Jendelova P, Marekova D, Amemori T, Pivonkova H, Masinova K, Sykova E. Transplantation of predifferentiated adipose-derived stromal cells for the treatment of spinal cord injury. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2011; 31:1113-22. [PMID: 21630007 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-011-9712-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2011] [Accepted: 05/13/2011] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Adipose-derived stromal cells (ASCs) are an alternative source of stem cells for cell-based therapies of neurological disorders such as spinal cord injury (SCI). In the present study, we predifferentiated ASCs (pASCs) and compared their behavior with naïve ASCs in vitro and after transplantation into rats with a balloon-induced compression lesion. ASCs were predifferentiated into spheres before transplantation, then pASCs or ASCs were injected intraspinally 1 week after SCI. The cells' fate and the rats' functional outcome were assessed using behavioral, histological, and electrophysiological methods. Immunohistological analysis of pASCs in vitro revealed the expression of NCAM, NG2, S100, and p75. Quantitative RT-PCR at different intervals after neural induction showed the up-regulated expression of the glial markers NG2 and p75 and the neural precursor markers NCAM and Nestin. Patch clamp analysis of pASCs revealed three different types of membrane currents; however, none were fast activating Na(+) currents indicating a mature neuronal phenotype. Significant improvement in both the pASC and ASC transplanted groups was observed in the BBB motor test. In vivo, pASCs survived better than ASCs did and interacted closely with the host tissue, wrapping host axons and oligodendrocytes. Some transplanted cells were NG2- or CD31-positive, but no neuronal markers were detected. The predifferentiation of ASCs plays a beneficial role in SCI repair by promoting the protection of denuded axons; however, functional improvements were comparable in both the groups, indicating that repair was induced mainly through paracrine mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Arboleda
- Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
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Sarig U, Machluf M. Engineering cell platforms for myocardial regeneration. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2011; 11:1055-77. [DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2011.578574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Meng J, Muntoni F, Morgan JE. Stem cells to treat muscular dystrophies – Where are we? Neuromuscul Disord 2011; 21:4-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2010.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2010] [Revised: 09/13/2010] [Accepted: 10/08/2010] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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