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Wu F, Zhao H, Zhang Y, Wang M, Liu C, Wang X, Cheng Y, Jin C, Yang J, Li X. Morphologic Variants of the Hand Motor Cortex in Developing Brains from Neonates through Childhood Assessed by MR Imaging. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2022; 43:292-298. [PMID: 34992126 PMCID: PMC8985685 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a7386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Knowledge of anatomic markers of the hand motor cortex is essential in the evaluation and treatment of motor neurologic diseases for both adults and developing populations. However, hand motor cortex variants in developing brains remain to be investigated. Our objective was to observe morphologic variants of the hand motor cortex in developing brains from neonates through childhood. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, 542 participants (0∼15 years of age) were retrospectively enrolled and divided into different age groups. The hand motor cortex morphology was evaluated on the basis of 3D T1WI. Variations in hand motor cortex variants were compared among different age groups. Inter-gender and interhemispheric differences of hand motor cortex variants were also evaluated. RESULTS Various hand motor cortex variants could be observed in developing brains, even in the neonatal period. One new morphologic shape, "immature Ω," was found in neonates and infants. The proportion of this new shape decreased dramatically during the first year after birth, then disappeared after 1 year of age. It persisted for a longer time in the right hemisphere and in males. However, sex or hemispheric effects on the distribution of the proportion of variants were not statistically significant. Furthermore, the proportion of concordance of the bilateral hand motor cortex showed an increasing trend with age (P = .006), higher in females than males. CONCLUSIONS Various hand motor cortex variants already existed at birth. The distribution of proportions of different variants developmentally varied during the first year after birth and became stable after 1 year of age. The concordance of the bilateral hand motor cortex could be influenced by age and sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Wu
- From the Department of Radiology (F.W., H.Z., Y.Z., M.W., C.L., X.W., Y.C., C.J., J.Y., X.L.), the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China,Department of Radiology (F.W.), Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - H. Zhao
- From the Department of Radiology (F.W., H.Z., Y.Z., M.W., C.L., X.W., Y.C., C.J., J.Y., X.L.), the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Y. Zhang
- From the Department of Radiology (F.W., H.Z., Y.Z., M.W., C.L., X.W., Y.C., C.J., J.Y., X.L.), the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - M. Wang
- From the Department of Radiology (F.W., H.Z., Y.Z., M.W., C.L., X.W., Y.C., C.J., J.Y., X.L.), the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - C. Liu
- From the Department of Radiology (F.W., H.Z., Y.Z., M.W., C.L., X.W., Y.C., C.J., J.Y., X.L.), the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - X. Wang
- From the Department of Radiology (F.W., H.Z., Y.Z., M.W., C.L., X.W., Y.C., C.J., J.Y., X.L.), the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Y. Cheng
- From the Department of Radiology (F.W., H.Z., Y.Z., M.W., C.L., X.W., Y.C., C.J., J.Y., X.L.), the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - C. Jin
- From the Department of Radiology (F.W., H.Z., Y.Z., M.W., C.L., X.W., Y.C., C.J., J.Y., X.L.), the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - J. Yang
- From the Department of Radiology (F.W., H.Z., Y.Z., M.W., C.L., X.W., Y.C., C.J., J.Y., X.L.), the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - X. Li
- From the Department of Radiology (F.W., H.Z., Y.Z., M.W., C.L., X.W., Y.C., C.J., J.Y., X.L.), the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
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Srivastava O, Hanstock C, Chenji S, Mah D, Eurich D, Ta D, Seres P, Luk C, Zinman L, Abrahao A, Graham SJ, Genge A, Korngut L, Frayne R, Kalra S. Cerebral degeneration in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: A prospective multicenter magnetic resonance spectroscopy study. Neurol Clin Pract 2019; 9:400-407. [PMID: 31750025 DOI: 10.1212/cpj.0000000000000674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Background We investigated cerebral degeneration and neurochemistry in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) using magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). Methods We prospectively studied 65 patients and 43 age-matched healthy controls. Participants were recruited from 4 centers as part of a study in the Canadian ALS Neuroimaging Consortium. All participants underwent single-voxel proton MRS using a protocol standardized across all sites. Metabolites reflecting neuronal integrity (total N-acetyl aspartyl moieties [tNAA]) and gliosis (myo-inositol [Ino]), as well as creatine (Cr) and choline (Cho), were quantified in the midline motor cortex and midline prefrontal cortex. Comparisons were made between patients with ALS and healthy controls. Metabolites were correlated with clinical measures of upper motor neuron dysfunction, disease progression rate, and cognitive performance. Results In the motor cortex, tNAA/Cr, tNAA/Cho, and tNAA/Ino ratios were reduced in the ALS group compared with controls. Group differences in tNAA/Cr and tNAA/Cho in the prefrontal cortex displayed reduced ratios in ALS patients; however, these were not statistically significant. Reduced motor cortex ratios were associated with slower foot tapping rate, whereas only motor tNAA/Ino was associated with finger tapping rate. Disease progression rate was associated with motor tNAA/Cho. Verbal fluency, semantic fluency, and digit span forwards and backwards were associated with prefrontal tNAA/Cr. Conclusions This study demonstrates that cerebral degeneration in ALS is more pronounced in the motor than prefrontal cortex, that multicenter MRS studies are feasible, and that motor tNAA/Ino shows promise as a potential biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ojas Srivastava
- Faculty of Science (OS); Department of Biomedical Engineering (CH, PS, SK); Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute (SC, DT, SK); Divison of Neurology (DM, CL, SK), Department of Medicine; School of Public Health (DE); University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (LZ, AA, SJG), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario; Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital (AG), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec; Departments of Radiology and Clinical Neurosciences (LK, RF), Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary; and Seaman Family MR Research Centre (LK, RF), Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Chris Hanstock
- Faculty of Science (OS); Department of Biomedical Engineering (CH, PS, SK); Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute (SC, DT, SK); Divison of Neurology (DM, CL, SK), Department of Medicine; School of Public Health (DE); University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (LZ, AA, SJG), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario; Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital (AG), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec; Departments of Radiology and Clinical Neurosciences (LK, RF), Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary; and Seaman Family MR Research Centre (LK, RF), Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sneha Chenji
- Faculty of Science (OS); Department of Biomedical Engineering (CH, PS, SK); Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute (SC, DT, SK); Divison of Neurology (DM, CL, SK), Department of Medicine; School of Public Health (DE); University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (LZ, AA, SJG), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario; Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital (AG), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec; Departments of Radiology and Clinical Neurosciences (LK, RF), Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary; and Seaman Family MR Research Centre (LK, RF), Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Dennell Mah
- Faculty of Science (OS); Department of Biomedical Engineering (CH, PS, SK); Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute (SC, DT, SK); Divison of Neurology (DM, CL, SK), Department of Medicine; School of Public Health (DE); University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (LZ, AA, SJG), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario; Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital (AG), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec; Departments of Radiology and Clinical Neurosciences (LK, RF), Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary; and Seaman Family MR Research Centre (LK, RF), Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Dean Eurich
- Faculty of Science (OS); Department of Biomedical Engineering (CH, PS, SK); Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute (SC, DT, SK); Divison of Neurology (DM, CL, SK), Department of Medicine; School of Public Health (DE); University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (LZ, AA, SJG), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario; Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital (AG), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec; Departments of Radiology and Clinical Neurosciences (LK, RF), Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary; and Seaman Family MR Research Centre (LK, RF), Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Daniel Ta
- Faculty of Science (OS); Department of Biomedical Engineering (CH, PS, SK); Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute (SC, DT, SK); Divison of Neurology (DM, CL, SK), Department of Medicine; School of Public Health (DE); University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (LZ, AA, SJG), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario; Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital (AG), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec; Departments of Radiology and Clinical Neurosciences (LK, RF), Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary; and Seaman Family MR Research Centre (LK, RF), Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Peter Seres
- Faculty of Science (OS); Department of Biomedical Engineering (CH, PS, SK); Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute (SC, DT, SK); Divison of Neurology (DM, CL, SK), Department of Medicine; School of Public Health (DE); University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (LZ, AA, SJG), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario; Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital (AG), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec; Departments of Radiology and Clinical Neurosciences (LK, RF), Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary; and Seaman Family MR Research Centre (LK, RF), Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Collin Luk
- Faculty of Science (OS); Department of Biomedical Engineering (CH, PS, SK); Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute (SC, DT, SK); Divison of Neurology (DM, CL, SK), Department of Medicine; School of Public Health (DE); University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (LZ, AA, SJG), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario; Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital (AG), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec; Departments of Radiology and Clinical Neurosciences (LK, RF), Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary; and Seaman Family MR Research Centre (LK, RF), Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Lorne Zinman
- Faculty of Science (OS); Department of Biomedical Engineering (CH, PS, SK); Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute (SC, DT, SK); Divison of Neurology (DM, CL, SK), Department of Medicine; School of Public Health (DE); University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (LZ, AA, SJG), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario; Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital (AG), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec; Departments of Radiology and Clinical Neurosciences (LK, RF), Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary; and Seaman Family MR Research Centre (LK, RF), Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Agessandro Abrahao
- Faculty of Science (OS); Department of Biomedical Engineering (CH, PS, SK); Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute (SC, DT, SK); Divison of Neurology (DM, CL, SK), Department of Medicine; School of Public Health (DE); University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (LZ, AA, SJG), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario; Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital (AG), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec; Departments of Radiology and Clinical Neurosciences (LK, RF), Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary; and Seaman Family MR Research Centre (LK, RF), Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Simon J Graham
- Faculty of Science (OS); Department of Biomedical Engineering (CH, PS, SK); Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute (SC, DT, SK); Divison of Neurology (DM, CL, SK), Department of Medicine; School of Public Health (DE); University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (LZ, AA, SJG), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario; Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital (AG), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec; Departments of Radiology and Clinical Neurosciences (LK, RF), Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary; and Seaman Family MR Research Centre (LK, RF), Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Angela Genge
- Faculty of Science (OS); Department of Biomedical Engineering (CH, PS, SK); Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute (SC, DT, SK); Divison of Neurology (DM, CL, SK), Department of Medicine; School of Public Health (DE); University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (LZ, AA, SJG), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario; Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital (AG), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec; Departments of Radiology and Clinical Neurosciences (LK, RF), Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary; and Seaman Family MR Research Centre (LK, RF), Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Lawrence Korngut
- Faculty of Science (OS); Department of Biomedical Engineering (CH, PS, SK); Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute (SC, DT, SK); Divison of Neurology (DM, CL, SK), Department of Medicine; School of Public Health (DE); University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (LZ, AA, SJG), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario; Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital (AG), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec; Departments of Radiology and Clinical Neurosciences (LK, RF), Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary; and Seaman Family MR Research Centre (LK, RF), Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Richard Frayne
- Faculty of Science (OS); Department of Biomedical Engineering (CH, PS, SK); Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute (SC, DT, SK); Divison of Neurology (DM, CL, SK), Department of Medicine; School of Public Health (DE); University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (LZ, AA, SJG), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario; Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital (AG), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec; Departments of Radiology and Clinical Neurosciences (LK, RF), Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary; and Seaman Family MR Research Centre (LK, RF), Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sanjay Kalra
- Faculty of Science (OS); Department of Biomedical Engineering (CH, PS, SK); Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute (SC, DT, SK); Divison of Neurology (DM, CL, SK), Department of Medicine; School of Public Health (DE); University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (LZ, AA, SJG), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario; Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital (AG), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec; Departments of Radiology and Clinical Neurosciences (LK, RF), Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary; and Seaman Family MR Research Centre (LK, RF), Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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