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Abdelhamed H, Ramachandran R, Ozdemir O, Waldbieser G, Lawrence ML. Characterization of a Novel Conjugative Plasmid in Edwardsiella piscicida Strain MS-18-199. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2019; 9:404. [PMID: 31828047 PMCID: PMC6890552 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Edwardsiella piscicida is a pathogenic bacterium responsible for significant losses in important wild and cultured fish species. E. piscicida strain MS-18-199 recovered from a diseased hybrid catfish from East Mississippi and showed resistance to florfenicol, chloramphenicol, oxytetracycline, doxycycline, erythromycin, tetracycline, azitromycin, spectinomycin, sulfonamide, and bacitracin. To explore the mechanisms of resistance in E. piscicida strain MS-18-199, genomic DNA was extracted and subjected to whole genome sequencing (WGS) using a combination of long (Oxford Nanopore) and short (Illumina) reads. The genome of strain MS-18-199 revealed a novel plasmid named pEPMS-18199. The 117,448 bp plasmid contains several antimicrobial resistance (AMR) elements/genes, including florfenicol efflux pump (floR), tetracycline efflux pump (tetA), tetracycline repressor protein (tetR), sulfonamide resistance (sul2), aminoglycoside O-phosphotransferase aph(6)-Id (strB), and aminoglycoside O-phosphotransferase aph(3)-Ib (strA). Two genes, arsA and arsD, that encode protein components related to transport/resistance to arsenic were also found in pEPMS-18199. In addition, pEPMS-18199 carried twelve conjugative transfer genes (tra), eight transposases and insertion elements, two plasmid stability proteins, two replication proteins, and three partitioning proteins (par system). Results from mobilization and stability experiments revealed that pEPMS-18199 is highly stable in the host cell and could be transferred to Escherichia coli and Edwardsiella ictaluri by conjugation. To our knowledge, this is the first detection of a multidrug resistance (MDR) conjugative plasmid in E. piscicida in the United States. Careful tracking of this plasmid in the aquaculture system is warranted. Knowledge regarding the molecular mechanisms of AMR in aquaculture is important for antimicrobial stewardship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossam Abdelhamed
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, United States
| | - Reshma Ramachandran
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, United States
| | - Ozan Ozdemir
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, United States
| | - Geoffrey Waldbieser
- Warmwater Aquaculture Research Unit, Thad Cochran National Warmwater Aquaculture Center (USDA-ARS), Stoneville, MS, United States
| | - Mark L. Lawrence
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, United States
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Lange MD, Abernathy J, Farmer BD. Evaluation of a Recombinant Flavobacterium columnare DnaK Protein Vaccine as a Means of Protection Against Columnaris Disease in Channel Catfish ( Ictalurus punctatus). Front Immunol 2019; 10:1175. [PMID: 31244827 PMCID: PMC6562308 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Flavobacterium columnare causes substantial losses among cultured finfish species. The Gram-negative bacterium is an opportunistic pathogen that manifests as biofilms on the host's mucosal surfaces as the disease progresses. We previously demonstrated that the dominant mucosal IgM antibody response to F. columnare is to the chaperone protein DnaK that is found in the extracellular fraction. To establish the efficacy of using recombinant protein technology to develop a new vaccine against columnaris disease, we are reporting on two consecutive years of vaccine trials using a recombinant F. columnare DnaK protein (rDnaK). In year one, three groups of channel catfish (n = 300) were immunized by bath immersion with a live attenuated F. columnare isolate, rDnaK or sham immunized. After 6 weeks, an F. columnare laboratory challenge showed a significant increase in survival (>30%) in both the live attenuated and rDnaK vaccines when compared to the non-immunized control. A rDnaK-specific ELISA revealed significant levels of mucosal IgM antibodies in the skin of catfish immunized with rDnaK at 4- and 6-weeks post immunization. In the second year, three groups of channel catfish (n = 300) were bath immunized with rDnaK alone or with rDnaK after a brief osmotic shock or sham immunized. After 6 weeks a laboratory challenge with F. columnare was conducted and showed a significant increase in survival in the rDnaK (> 25%) and in rDnaK with osmotic shock (>35%) groups when compared to the non-immunized control. The rDnaK-specific ELISA demonstrated significant levels of mucosal IgM antibodies in the skin of catfish groups immunized with rDnaK at 4- and 6-weeks post immunization. To further understand the processes which have conferred immune protection in the rDnaK group, we conducted RNA sequencing of skin samples from the non-immunized (n = 6) and rDnaK treated channel catfish at 1-week (n = 6) and 6 weeks (n = 6) post immunization. Significantly altered gene expression was identified and results will be discussed. Work to further enhance the catfish immune response to F. columnare rDnaK is underway as this protein remains a promising candidate for additional optimization and experimental trials in a production setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miles D Lange
- Harry K. Dupree Stuttgart National Aquaculture Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Stuttgart, AR, United States
| | - Jason Abernathy
- Harry K. Dupree Stuttgart National Aquaculture Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Stuttgart, AR, United States
| | - Bradley D Farmer
- Harry K. Dupree Stuttgart National Aquaculture Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Stuttgart, AR, United States
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Reichley SR, Ware C, Steadman J, Gaunt PS, García JC, LaFrentz BR, Thachil A, Waldbieser GC, Stine CB, Buján N, Arias CR, Loch T, Welch TJ, Cipriano RC, Greenway TE, Khoo LH, Wise DJ, Lawrence ML, Griffin MJ. Comparative Phenotypic and Genotypic Analysis of Edwardsiella Isolates from Different Hosts and Geographic Origins, with Emphasis on Isolates Formerly Classified as E. tarda, and Evaluation of Diagnostic Methods. J Clin Microbiol 2017; 55:3466-3491. [PMID: 28978684 PMCID: PMC5703813 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00970-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Edwardsiella spp. are responsible for significant losses in important wild and cultured fish species worldwide. Recent phylogenomic investigations have determined that bacteria historically classified as Edwardsiella tarda actually represent three genetically distinct yet phenotypically ambiguous taxa with various degrees of pathogenicity in different hosts. Previous recognition of these taxa was hampered by the lack of a distinguishing phenotypic character. Commercial test panel configurations are relatively constant over time, and as new species are defined, appropriate discriminatory tests may not be present in current test panel arrangements. While phenobiochemical tests fail to discriminate between these taxa, data presented here revealed discriminatory peaks for each Edwardsiella species using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) methodology, suggesting that MALDI-TOF can offer rapid, reliable identification in line with current systematic classifications. Furthermore, a multiplex PCR assay was validated for rapid molecular differentiation of the Edwardsiella spp. affecting fish. Moreover, the limitations of relying on partial 16S rRNA for discrimination of Edwardsiella spp. and advantages of employing alternative single-copy genes gyrB and sodB for molecular identification and classification of Edwardsiella were demonstrated. Last, sodB sequencing confirmed that isolates previously defined as typical motile fish-pathogenic E. tarda are synonymous with Edwardsiella piscicida, while atypical nonmotile fish-pathogenic E. tarda isolates are equivalent to Edwardsiella anguillarum Fish-nonpathogenic E. tarda isolates are consistent with E. tarda as it is currently defined. These analyses help deconvolute the scientific literature regarding these organisms and provide baseline information to better facilitate proper taxonomic assignment and minimize erroneous identifications of Edwardsiella isolates in clinical and research settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen R Reichley
- Thad Cochran National Warmwater Aquaculture Center, Stoneville, Mississippi, USA
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
| | - Cynthia Ware
- Thad Cochran National Warmwater Aquaculture Center, Stoneville, Mississippi, USA
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
| | - James Steadman
- Thad Cochran National Warmwater Aquaculture Center, Stoneville, Mississippi, USA
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
| | - Patricia S Gaunt
- Thad Cochran National Warmwater Aquaculture Center, Stoneville, Mississippi, USA
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
| | - Julio C García
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Aquatic Animal Health Research Unit, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Benjamin R LaFrentz
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Aquatic Animal Health Research Unit, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Anil Thachil
- Cornell University Animal Health Diagnostic Center, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Geoffrey C Waldbieser
- USDA-ARS Warmwater Aquaculture Research Unit, Thad Cochran National Warmwater Aquaculture Center, Stoneville, Mississippi, USA
| | - Cynthia B Stine
- Center for Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, Maryland, USA
| | - Noemí Buján
- Departamento de Microbioloxía e Parasitoloxía, CIBUS-Facultade de Bioloxía and Instituto de Acuicultura, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Cova R Arias
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Thomas Loch
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Timothy J Welch
- National Center for Cool and Cold Water Aquaculture, Kearneysville, West Virginia, USA
| | - Rocco C Cipriano
- USGS National Fish Health Research Laboratory, Kearneysville, West Virginia, USA
| | - Terrence E Greenway
- Thad Cochran National Warmwater Aquaculture Center, Stoneville, Mississippi, USA
| | - Lester H Khoo
- Thad Cochran National Warmwater Aquaculture Center, Stoneville, Mississippi, USA
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
| | - David J Wise
- Thad Cochran National Warmwater Aquaculture Center, Stoneville, Mississippi, USA
| | - Mark L Lawrence
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
| | - Matt J Griffin
- Thad Cochran National Warmwater Aquaculture Center, Stoneville, Mississippi, USA
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
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