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Mehta M, Dhanjal DS, Satija S, Wadhwa R, Paudel KR, Chellappan DK, Mohammad S, Haghi M, Hansbro PM, Dua K. Advancing of Cellular Signaling Pathways in Respiratory Diseases Using Nanocarrier Based Drug Delivery Systems. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 26:5380-5392. [PMID: 33198611 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826999201116161143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cell Signaling pathways form an integral part of our existence that allows the cells to comprehend a stimulus and respond back. Such reactions to external cues from the environment are required and are essential to regulate the normal functioning of our body. Abnormalities in the system arise when there are errors developed in these signals, resulting in a complication or a disease. Presently, respiratory diseases contribute to being the third leading cause of morbidity worldwide. According to the current statistics, over 339 million people are asthmatic, 65 million are suffering from COPD, 2.3 million are lung cancer patients and 10 million are tuberculosis patients. This toll of statistics with chronic respiratory diseases leaves a heavy burden on society and the nation's annual health expenditure. Hence, a better understanding of the processes governing these cellular pathways will enable us to treat and manage these deadly respiratory diseases effectively. Moreover, it is important to comprehend the synergy and interplay of the cellular signaling pathways in respiratory diseases, which will enable us to explore and develop suitable strategies for targeted drug delivery. This review, in particular, focuses on the major respiratory diseases and further provides an in-depth discussion on the various cell signaling pathways that are involved in the pathophysiology of respiratory diseases. Moreover, the review also analyses the defining concepts about advanced nano-drug delivery systems involving various nanocarriers and propose newer prospects to minimize the current challenges faced by researchers and formulation scientists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenu Mehta
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Daljeet Singh Dhanjal
- School of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India
| | - Saurabh Satija
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Ridhima Wadhwa
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Keshav Raj Paudel
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Dinesh Kumar Chellappan
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Shiva Mohammad
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Mehra Haghi
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Philip M Hansbro
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo NSW 2007, Australia
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Fortin M, Chouinard MC, Dubois MF, Bélanger M, Almirall J, Bouhali T, Sasseville M. Integration of chronic disease prevention and management services into primary care: a pragmatic randomized controlled trial (PR1MaC). CMAJ Open 2016; 4:E588-E598. [PMID: 28018871 PMCID: PMC5173473 DOI: 10.9778/cmajo.20160031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic disease prevention and management programs are usually single-disease oriented. Our objective was to evaluate an intervention that targeted multiple chronic conditions and risk factors. METHODS We conducted a pragmatic randomized controlled trial involving patients aged 18-75 years with at least 1 of the targeted chronic conditions or risk factors from 8 primary care practices in the Saguenay region of Quebec, Canada, to evaluate an intervention that included self-management support and patient-centred motivational approaches. Self-management (primary outcome) was evaluated using the Health Education Impact Questionnaire (heiQ). Secondary outcomes included self-efficacy, health-related quality of life, psychological distress and health behaviours. RESULTS Three hundred thirty-two patients were recruited and randomly assigned (n = 166 for both intervention and control groups) and evaluated after 3 months. The intervention group showed improvement in 6 of the 8 heiQ domains: health-directed behaviour (relative risk [RR] 1.71, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.13 to 2.59), emotional well-being (RR 1.73, 95% CI 1.07 to 2.79), self-monitoring and insight (RR 2.40, 95% CI 1.19 to 4.86), constructive attitudes and approaches (RR 2.40, 95% CI 1.37 to 4.21), skill and technique acquisition (RR 1.70, 95% CI 1.14 to 2.53), and health service navigation (RR 1.93, 95% CI 1.08 to 3.47). Improvement was also observed in the Physical Component Summary (p = 0.017) and the Single Index (p = 0.041) of the 12-Item Short Form Health Survey (version 2). The intervention group improved in fruit and vegetable consumption (odds ratio [OR] 2.36, 95% CI 1.41 to 3.95) and physical activity (OR 3.81, 95% CI 1.65 to 8.76). One-year improvement was maintained in the intervention group for several outcomes. INTERPRETATION It is possible to implement an intervention integrating chronic disease prevention and management services into primary care settings. We obtained positive and promising results using this intervention. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, no.: NCT01319656.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Fortin
- Département de médecine de famille et de médecine d'urgence (Fortin), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Qué.; Département des sciences de la santé (Chouinard, Dubois), Université du Quebec à Chicoutimi, Chicoutimi, Qué.; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux du Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean (Bélanger), Chicoutimi, Qué.; Département de médecine de famille et médecine d'urgence (Almirall, Bouhali), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Qué.; Facultés de Médecine et sciences de la santé (Sasseville), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Qué
| | - Maud-Christine Chouinard
- Département de médecine de famille et de médecine d'urgence (Fortin), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Qué.; Département des sciences de la santé (Chouinard, Dubois), Université du Quebec à Chicoutimi, Chicoutimi, Qué.; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux du Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean (Bélanger), Chicoutimi, Qué.; Département de médecine de famille et médecine d'urgence (Almirall, Bouhali), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Qué.; Facultés de Médecine et sciences de la santé (Sasseville), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Qué
| | - Marie-France Dubois
- Département de médecine de famille et de médecine d'urgence (Fortin), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Qué.; Département des sciences de la santé (Chouinard, Dubois), Université du Quebec à Chicoutimi, Chicoutimi, Qué.; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux du Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean (Bélanger), Chicoutimi, Qué.; Département de médecine de famille et médecine d'urgence (Almirall, Bouhali), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Qué.; Facultés de Médecine et sciences de la santé (Sasseville), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Qué
| | - Martin Bélanger
- Département de médecine de famille et de médecine d'urgence (Fortin), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Qué.; Département des sciences de la santé (Chouinard, Dubois), Université du Quebec à Chicoutimi, Chicoutimi, Qué.; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux du Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean (Bélanger), Chicoutimi, Qué.; Département de médecine de famille et médecine d'urgence (Almirall, Bouhali), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Qué.; Facultés de Médecine et sciences de la santé (Sasseville), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Qué
| | - José Almirall
- Département de médecine de famille et de médecine d'urgence (Fortin), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Qué.; Département des sciences de la santé (Chouinard, Dubois), Université du Quebec à Chicoutimi, Chicoutimi, Qué.; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux du Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean (Bélanger), Chicoutimi, Qué.; Département de médecine de famille et médecine d'urgence (Almirall, Bouhali), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Qué.; Facultés de Médecine et sciences de la santé (Sasseville), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Qué
| | - Tarek Bouhali
- Département de médecine de famille et de médecine d'urgence (Fortin), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Qué.; Département des sciences de la santé (Chouinard, Dubois), Université du Quebec à Chicoutimi, Chicoutimi, Qué.; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux du Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean (Bélanger), Chicoutimi, Qué.; Département de médecine de famille et médecine d'urgence (Almirall, Bouhali), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Qué.; Facultés de Médecine et sciences de la santé (Sasseville), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Qué
| | - Maxime Sasseville
- Département de médecine de famille et de médecine d'urgence (Fortin), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Qué.; Département des sciences de la santé (Chouinard, Dubois), Université du Quebec à Chicoutimi, Chicoutimi, Qué.; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux du Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean (Bélanger), Chicoutimi, Qué.; Département de médecine de famille et médecine d'urgence (Almirall, Bouhali), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Qué.; Facultés de Médecine et sciences de la santé (Sasseville), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Qué
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Al-khateeb AJ, Al khateeb JM. Research on psychosocial aspects of asthma in the Arab world: a literature review. Multidiscip Respir Med 2015; 10:15. [PMID: 25905019 PMCID: PMC4405861 DOI: 10.1186/s40248-015-0011-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of psychosocial factors in the management of bronchial asthma has long been recognized. This paper offers a review of research published in the English language related to psychosocial aspects of bronchial asthma in Arab countries. Several databases (PubMed, Science Direct, Springer Link, ERIC, and PsychInfo) were searched using the following keywords: bronchial asthma, Arab countries, Algiers, Bahrain, Comoros, Djibouti, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Oman, Palestine (West Bank, Gaza), Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Tunisia, Sudan, Somalia; United Arab Emirates, and Yemen. Thirty-two studies were conducted in 9 Arab countries. Almost all studies found were published in the last fourteen years with an apparent increasing rate in the last five years. In descending order, these studies addressed: knowledge of and attitudes toward asthma, quality of life, behavioral and emotional problems and factors related to academic achievement. The main results of the studies reviewed were: (a) physicians', school staff's, and parents' knowledge of and attitudes toward asthma were generally unsatisfactory, (b) in-service asthma education programs significantly impacted parent and staff knowledge and attitudes, and asthma management practices, (c) quality of life in children and adolescents was significantly adversely affected by asthma, (d) asthma was a common cause of school absenteeism, and had a significant negative impact on academic achievement of students, and (e) students with asthma had significantly higher rates of behavioral and emotional difficulties compared to students without asthma. The paper concludes with a discussion about the implications of these results and a call for further research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anas J Al-khateeb
- />Internal Medicine Department, Saint Michael’s Medical Center, 111 Central Avenue, Newark, New Jersey 07102 USA
| | - Jamal M Al khateeb
- />Department of Counseling & Special Education, College of Education, University of Jordan, Queen Rania Street, Amman, 119942 Jordan
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Sharafkhaneh A, Altan AE, Colice GL, Hanania NA, Donohue JF, Kurlander JL, Rodriguez-Roisin R, Altman PR. A simple rule to identify patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease who may need treatment reevaluation. Respir Med 2014; 108:1310-20. [PMID: 25130680 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2014.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A simple rule based on short-acting inhaled β2-agonist (SABA) use could identify patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) at increased risk of exacerbations and signal the need for maintenance therapy change, similar to asthma "Rules of Two(®)". METHODS Associations between SABA use, COPD exacerbations, and health care costs over 1 year were examined retrospectively using de-identified patient data from the Optum Research Database (ORD; N = 56,581) and the Impact National Benchmark Database (IMPACT™; N = 9423). Nebulized and metered-dose inhaler (MDI) SABA doses were normalized to 2.5 mg and 90 mcg albuterol equivalents, respectively. RESULTS The GOLD initiative establishes ≥2 exacerbations/year as indicative of increased risk in COPD. We identified a correlation (p < 0.0001) between 1.5 SABA doses/day and this frequency of exacerbations. In ORD, patients using ≥1.5 versus <1.5 SABA doses/day experienced significantly more exacerbations: 1.92 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.89-1.96) versus 1.36 (95% CI, 1.34-1.38) per patient year (PPY). Above-threshold use was associated with higher average annual COPD-related costs (2010 $US): $21,868 (standard deviation [SD], $53,910) versus $11,686 (SD, $32,707) for nebulized SABA only, $9216 (SD, $30,710) versus $7334 (SD, $24,853) for MDI SABA only, and $15,806 (SD, $35,260) versus $11,233 (SD, $27,006) for both nebulized and MDI SABA. IMPACT™ validated these findings. CONCLUSION Patients with COPD using ≥1.5 SABA doses/day were at increased risk of exacerbations. Our results suggest a "Rule of 3-2": SABA use ≥3 times in 2 days should be considered a clinical marker for needing treatment reevaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Sharafkhaneh
- Pulmonary and Critical Care, Baylor College of Medicine, MEDVA Medical Center Bldg. 100 (111i), Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Aylin E Altan
- Health Economics and Outcomes Research, OptumInsight, 13625 Technology Drive, Eden Prairie, MN 55344, USA.
| | - Gene L Colice
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Respiratory Services, Washington Hospital Center, 110 Irving Street, Washington DC, 20010, USA.
| | - Nicola A Hanania
- Pulmonary and Critical Care, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza-BCM621, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - James F Donohue
- Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, 4125 BioInformatics Building, 130 Mason Farm Road, CB 7020, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - Jonathan L Kurlander
- Health Economics and Outcomes Research, OptumInsight, 13625 Technology Drive, Eden Prairie, MN 55344, USA.
| | - Roberto Rodriguez-Roisin
- Thorax Institute, Hospital Clinic-CIBERES, IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, Villarroel, 170 (Esc 2 - Planta 2), 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Pablo R Altman
- Mylan Specialty, L.P., 110 Allen Road, 4th Floor, Basking Ridge, NJ 07920, USA.
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Janaudis-Ferreira T, Beauchamp MK, Robles PG, Goldstein RS, Brooks D. Measurement of activities of daily living in patients with COPD: a systematic review. Chest 2014; 145:253-271. [PMID: 23681416 DOI: 10.1378/chest.13-0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objectives of this systematic review were to synthesize the literature on measures of activities of daily living (ADLs) that have been used in individuals with COPD and to provide an overview of the psychometric properties of the identified measures and describe the relationship of the disease-specific instruments with other relevant outcome measures for individuals with COPD and health-care use. METHODS Studies that included a measure of ADLs in individuals with COPD were identified using electronic and hand searches. Two investigators performed the literature search. One investigator reviewed the study title, abstract, and full text of the articles to determine study eligibility and performed the data extraction and tabulation. In cases of uncertainty, a second reviewer was consulted. RESULTS A total of 679 articles were identified. Of those, 116 met the inclusion criteria. Twenty-seven ADLs instruments were identified, of which 11 instruments were respiratory disease-specific, whereas 16 were generic. Most instruments combined instrumental ADLs (IADLs) with basic ADLs (BADLs). The majority of the instruments were self-reported; only three instruments were performance based. Twenty-one studies assessed psychometric properties of 16 ADLs instruments in patients with COPD. CONCLUSIONS Although several ADLs instruments were identified, psychometric properties have only been reported in a few. Selection of the most appropriate measure should focus on the target construct (BADLs or IADLs or both), type of test (disease-specific vs generic and self-reported vs performance-based), depth of information obtained, and psychometric properties of the instruments. Given the relevance of ADLs to the lives of patients with COPD, its assessment should be more frequently incorporated as a clinical outcome in their management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Janaudis-Ferreira
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, West Park Healthcare Centre; St. John's Rehabilitation Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre; Department of Physical Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | | | | | - Roger S Goldstein
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, West Park Healthcare Centre; Department of Physical Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Dina Brooks
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Fortin M, Chouinard MC, Bouhali T, Dubois MF, Gagnon C, Bélanger M. Evaluating the integration of chronic disease prevention and management services into primary health care. BMC Health Serv Res 2013; 13:132. [PMID: 23565674 PMCID: PMC3637600 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6963-13-132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2012] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The increasing number of patients with chronic diseases represents a challenge for health care systems. The Chronic Care Model suggests a multi-component remodelling of chronic disease services to improve patient outcomes. To meet the complex and ongoing needs of patients, chronic disease prevention and management (CDPM) has been advocated as a key feature of primary care producing better outcomes, greater effectiveness and improved access to services compared to other sectors. The objective of this study is to evaluate the adaptation and implementation of an intervention involving the integration of chronic disease prevention and management (CDPM) services into primary health care. Methods/Design The implementation of the intervention will be evaluated using descriptive qualitative methods to collect data from various stakeholders (decision-makers, primary care professionals, CDPM professionals and patients) before, during and after the implementation. The evaluation of the effects will be based on a combination of experimental designs: a randomized trial using a delayed intervention arm (n = 326), a before-and-after design with repeated measures (n = 163), and a quasi-experimental design using a comparative cohort (n = 326). This evaluation will utilize self-report questionnaires measuring self-efficacy, empowerment, comorbidity, health behaviour, functional health status, quality of life, psychological well-being, patient characteristics and co-interventions. The study will take place in eight primary care practices of the Saguenay region of Quebec (Canada). To be included, patients will have to be referred by their primary care provider and present at least one of the following conditions (or their risk factors): diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma. Patients presenting serious cognitive problems will be excluded. Discussion In the short-term, improved patient self-efficacy and empowerment are expected. In the mid-term, we expect to observe an improvement in health behaviour, functional health status, quality of life and psychological well-being. At the organizational level, the project should lead to coordinated service delivery, improved patient follow-up mechanisms and enhanced interprofessional collaboration. Integration of CDPM services at the point of care in primary care practices is a promising innovation in care delivery that needs to be thoroughly evaluated. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01319656
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Fortin
- Département de médecine de famille, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada.
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Fromer L. Implementing chronic care for COPD: planned visits, care coordination, and patient empowerment for improved outcomes. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2011; 6:605-14. [PMID: 22162647 PMCID: PMC3232168 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s24692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Current primary care patterns for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) focus on reactive care for acute exacerbations, often neglecting ongoing COPD management to the detriment of patient experience and outcomes. Proactive diagnosis and ongoing multifactorial COPD management, comprising smoking cessation, influenza and pneumonia vaccinations, pulmonary rehabilitation, and symptomatic and maintenance pharmacotherapy according to severity, can significantly improve a patient's health-related quality of life, reduce exacerbations and their consequences, and alleviate the functional, utilization, and financial burden of COPD. Redesign of primary care according to principles of the chronic care model, which is implemented in the patient-centered medical home, can shift COPD management from acute rescue to proactive maintenance. The chronic care model and patient-centered medical home combine delivery system redesign, clinical information systems, decision support, and self-management support within a practice, linked with health care organization and community resources beyond the practice. COPD care programs implementing two or more chronic care model components effectively reduce emergency room and inpatient utilization. This review guides primary care practices in improving COPD care workflows, highlighting the contributions of multidisciplinary collaborative team care, care coordination, and patient engagement. Each primary care practice can devise a COPD care workflow addressing risk awareness, spirometric diagnosis, guideline-based treatment and rehabilitation, and self-management support, to improve patient outcomes in COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Len Fromer
- Department of Family Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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