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Kobayashi N, Katayama R, Minamoto K, Kawaguchi T, Tani S. C-terminus of serine-arginine protein kinase-like protein, SrpkF, is involved in conidiophore formation and hyphal growth under salt stress in Aspergillus aculeatus. Int Microbiol 2024; 27:91-100. [PMID: 37195349 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-023-00373-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The serine-arginine protein kinase-like protein, SrpkF, was identified as a regulator for the cellulose-responsive induction of cellulase genes in Aspergillus aculeatus. To analyze various aspects of SrpkF function, we examined the growth of the control strain (MR12); C-terminus deletion mutant, which produced SrpkF1-327 (ΔCsrpkF); whole gene-deletion mutant of srpkF (ΔsrpkF), srpkF overexpressing strain (OEsprkF); and the complemented strain (srpkF+) under various stress conditions. All test strains grew normally on minimal medium under control, high salt (1.5 M KCl), and high osmolality (2.0 M sorbitol and 1.0 M sucrose). However, only ΔCsrpkF showed reduced conidiation on 1.0 M NaCl media. Conidiation of ΔCsrpkF on 1.0 M NaCl media was reduced to 12% compared with that of srpkF+. Further, when OEsprkF and ΔCsrpkF were pre-cultured under salt stress conditions, germination under salt stress conditions was enhanced in both strains. By contrast, deletion of srpkF did not affect hyphal growth and conidiation under the same conditions. We then quantified the transcripts of the regulators involved in the central asexual conidiation pathway in A. aculeatus. The findings revealed that the expression of brlA, abaA, wetA, and vosA was reduced in ΔCsrpkF under salt stress. These data suggest that in A. aculeatus, SrpkF regulates conidiophore development. The C-terminus of SrpkF seems to be important for regulating SrpkF function in response to culture conditions such as salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsumi Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Sakai, 599-8531, Japan
| | - Ryohei Katayama
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Sakai, 599-8531, Japan
| | - Kentaro Minamoto
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Sakai, 599-8531, Japan
| | - Takashi Kawaguchi
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Sakai, 599-8531, Japan
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Sakai, 599-8531, Japan
| | - Shuji Tani
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Sakai, 599-8531, Japan.
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Sakai, 599-8531, Japan.
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2
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Kunitake E, Kawaguchi T, Tani S. Independent, cooperative regulation of cellulolytic genes by paralogous transcription factors ClbR and ClbR2 in Aspergillus aculeatus. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2024; 88:212-219. [PMID: 37947258 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbad156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
The cellobiose-responsive regulator ClbR, a Zn(II)2Cys6 binuclear-cluster transcription factor, is a positive regulator of carbohydrate-active enzyme (CAZyme) genes responsive to cellulose in Aspergillus aculeatus. Because Zn(II)2Cys6 transcription factors tend to dimerize with proteins of the same family, we searched for a counterpart of ClbR and identified ClbR2, which is 42% identical to ClbR, as an interacting partner of ClbR by yeast two-hybrid screening. Genetic analyses suggested that ClbR and ClbR2 cooperatively regulate the expression of CAZyme genes in response to cellulose and 1,4-β-mannobiose in A. aculeatus. CAZyme genes under the control of the transcription factor ManR were regulated by ClbR and ClbR2, whereas those controlled by the transcription factor XlnR were regulated by ClbR, but not ClbR2. These findings suggest that ClbR participates in multiple regulatory pathways in A. aculeatus by altering an interacting factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emi Kunitake
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University , Sakai, Japan
- Graduate School of Bioresources, Mie University , Tsu, Japan
| | - Takashi Kawaguchi
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University , Sakai, Japan
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Osaka Metropolitan University , Sakai, Japan
| | - Shuji Tani
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University , Sakai, Japan
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Osaka Metropolitan University , Sakai, Japan
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3
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A new function of a putative UDP-glucose 4-epimerase on the expression of glycoside hydrolase genes in Aspergillus aculeatus. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:785-795. [PMID: 36625911 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-12337-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
In order to figure out the induction mechanisms of glycoside hydrolase genes in Aspergillus aculeatus, we screened approximately 9,000 transfer DNA (T-DNA)-inserted mutants for positive regulators involved in the induction. Since the mutants possess the orotidine 5'-monophosphate decarboxylase gene as a reporter gene to monitor the cellulose-responsive expression of the cellobiohydrolase I gene (cbhI), candidate strains were isolated by counterselection against 5-fluoroorotic acid (5-FOA). One 5-FOA-resistant mutant harboring the T-DNA at the uge5 locus showed reduced cellulose utilization and cbhI expression. A. aculeatus Uge5 is homologous to Aspergillus fumigatus uge5 (Afu5g10780; E-value, 0.0; identities, 93%), which catalyzes the conversion of uridine diphosphate (UDP)-glucose to UDP-galactopyranose. The uge5 deletion mutant in A. aculeatus (Δuge5) showed reduced conidium formation on minimal media supplemented with galactose, locust bean gum (LBG), and guar gum as a carbon source. β-1,4-Endoglucanase and β-1,4-mannanase production in submerged culture containing LBG was reduced to 10% and 6% of the control strain at day 5, respectively, but no difference was observed in cultures containing wheat bran. The expression of major cellulolytic and mannolytic genes in the presence of mannobiose in Δuge5 was reduced to less than 15% of the control strain, while cellobiose-responsive expression was only modestly reduced at early inducing time points. Since all test genes were controlled by a transcription factor ManR, these data demonstrate that Uge5 is involved in inducer-dependent selective expression of genes controlled via ManR. KEY POINTS: • UDP-glucose 4-epimerase (Uge5) regulates expression of glycosyl hydrolase genes. • ManR regulates both cellobiose- and mannobiose-responsive expression. • Uge5 plays a key role in mannobiose-responsive expression.
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4
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Zhao Y, Lee MK, Lim J, Moon H, Park HS, Zheng W, Yu JH. The velvet-activated putative C6 transcription factor VadZ regulates development and sterigmatocystin production in Aspergillus nidulans. Fungal Biol 2022; 126:421-428. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2022.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Yoshimura Y, Kobayashi Y, Kawaguchi T, Tani S. Improvement of cellulosic biomass-degrading enzyme production by reducing extracellular protease production in <i>Aspergillus aculeatus</i>. J GEN APPL MICROBIOL 2022; 68:143-150. [DOI: 10.2323/jgam.2021.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Yoshimura
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University
| | - Yuri Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University
| | - Takashi Kawaguchi
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University
| | - Shuji Tani
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University
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6
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Katayama R, Kobayashi N, Kawaguchi T, Tani S. Serine-arginine protein kinase-like protein, SrpkF, stimulates both cellobiose-responsive and D-xylose-responsive signaling pathways in Aspergillus aculeatus. Curr Genet 2021; 68:143-152. [PMID: 34453575 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-021-01207-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Aspergillus aculeatus produces cellulolytic enzymes in the presence of their substrates. We screened a library of 12,000 A. aculeatus T-DNA-inserted mutants to identify a regulatory factor involved in the expression of their enzyme genes in response to inducers. We found one mutant that reduced the expression of FIII-avicelase (chbI) in response to cellulose. T-DNA was inserted into a putative protein kinase gene similar to AN10082 in A. nidulans, serine-arginine protein kinase F, SrpkF. Fold increases in srpkF gene expression in response to various carbon sources were 2.3 (D-xylose), 44 (Avicel®), 59 (Bacto™ Tryptone), and 98 (no carbon) compared with D-glucose. Deletion of srpkF in A. aculeatus resulted in a significant reduction in cellulose-responsive expression of chbI, hydrocellulase (cel7b), and FIb-xylanase (xynIb) genes at an early induction phase. Further, the srpkF-overexpressing strain showed upregulation of the srpkF gene from four- to nine-fold higher than in the control strain. srpkF overexpression upregulated cbhI and cel7b in response to cellobiose and the FI-carboxymethyl cellulase gene (cmc1) and xynIb in response to D-xylose. However, the srpkF deletion did not affect the expression of xynIb in response to D-xylose due to the less expression of srpkF under the D-xylose condition. Our data demonstrate that SrpkF is primarily involved in cellulose-responsive expression, though it has a potential to stimulate gene expression in response to both cellobiose and D-xylose in A. aculeatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryohei Katayama
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8531, Japan
| | - Natsumi Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8531, Japan
| | - Takashi Kawaguchi
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8531, Japan
| | - Shuji Tani
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8531, Japan.
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Zhang J, Hao H, Liu H, Wang Q, Chen M, Feng Z, Chen H. Genetic and functional analysis of the Zn(II) 2Cys 6 transcription factor HADA-1 in Hypsizygus marmoreus. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:2815-2829. [PMID: 33675375 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11175-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Zn(II)2Cys6 transcription factors are critical for the reproductive growth and sexual development of fungi, but their roles in Basidiomycota remain unclear. In this study, the Hypsizygus marmoreus gene hada-1 was shown to encode a Zn(II)2Cys6 transcription factor, the growth rate of mycelia was decreased, hyphae were angulated, and fruiting body development was hindered in the hada-1-silenced strains. In addition, mitochondrial stability was lost, and the mitochondria morphologies changed from oval shaped to dumbbell or linear shaped in the silenced strains. Regarding mitochondrial instability, the mitochondrial complex II, III, and V activities and adenosine triphosphate content were significantly decreased. At the same time, the activities of the carbohydrate metabolism-related enzymes glucose-6-plosphatase, glucose dehydrogenase, and laccase were significantly decreased, which might have resulted in the reduction of carbon metabolism. Furthermore, hada-1 was shown to regulate the reactive oxygen species (ROS) level; compared with the wild-type (WT) strain, the silenced mycelia exhibited higher ROS contents and were more sensitive to oxidative stress. Taken together, these results indicate that, as a global regulator, hada-1 plays crucial roles in mycelial growth, fruiting body development, carbon metabolism, mitochondrial stability, and oxidative stress in the basidiomycete H. marmoreus. KEY POINTS: • Zn(II)2Cys6 transcription factor, mitochondrial stability, fruiting body development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjing Zhang
- National Research Center for Edible Fungi Biotechnology and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Applied Mycological Resources and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 1000, Jinqi Road, Shanghai, 201403, China
| | - Haibo Hao
- National Research Center for Edible Fungi Biotechnology and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Applied Mycological Resources and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 1000, Jinqi Road, Shanghai, 201403, China
| | - Hong Liu
- National Research Center for Edible Fungi Biotechnology and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Applied Mycological Resources and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 1000, Jinqi Road, Shanghai, 201403, China
| | - Qian Wang
- National Research Center for Edible Fungi Biotechnology and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Applied Mycological Resources and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 1000, Jinqi Road, Shanghai, 201403, China
| | - Mingjie Chen
- National Research Center for Edible Fungi Biotechnology and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Applied Mycological Resources and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 1000, Jinqi Road, Shanghai, 201403, China
| | - Zhiyong Feng
- National Research Center for Edible Fungi Biotechnology and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Applied Mycological Resources and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 1000, Jinqi Road, Shanghai, 201403, China.,College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1, Weigang Road, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Hui Chen
- National Research Center for Edible Fungi Biotechnology and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Applied Mycological Resources and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 1000, Jinqi Road, Shanghai, 201403, China.
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8
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Mhuantong W, Charoensri S, Poonsrisawat A, Pootakham W, Tangphatsornruang S, Siamphan C, Suwannarangsee S, Eurwilaichitr L, Champreda V, Charoensawan V, Chantasingh D. High Quality Aspergillus aculeatus Genomes and Transcriptomes: A Platform for Cellulase Activity Optimization Toward Industrial Applications. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 8:607176. [PMID: 33585410 PMCID: PMC7873481 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.607176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wuttichai Mhuantong
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Thailand Science Park, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Salisa Charoensri
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Thailand Science Park, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Aphisit Poonsrisawat
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Thailand Science Park, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Wirulda Pootakham
- National Omics Center, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Thailand Science Park, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Sithichoke Tangphatsornruang
- National Omics Center, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Thailand Science Park, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Chatuphon Siamphan
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Thailand Science Park, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Surisa Suwannarangsee
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Thailand Science Park, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Lily Eurwilaichitr
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Thailand Science Park, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Verawat Champreda
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Thailand Science Park, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Varodom Charoensawan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Integrative Computational Bioscience Center, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
- Systems Biology of Diseases Research Unit, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Duriya Chantasingh
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Thailand Science Park, Pathum Thani, Thailand
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Tsumura R, Sawada K, Kunitake E, Sumitani JI, Kawaguchi T, Tani S. A component of the septation initiation network complex, AaSepM, is involved in multiple cellulose-responsive signaling pathways in Aspergillus aculeatus. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:1535-1546. [PMID: 33481069 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11110-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Various carbohydrate-active enzymes in Aspergillus are produced in response to physiological inducers, which is regulated at the transcriptional level. To elucidate the induction mechanisms in Aspergillus, we screened for new regulators involved in cellulose-responsive induction from approximately 10,000 Aspergillus aculeatus T-DNA-inserted mutants. We constructed the T-DNA-inserted mutant library using the host strain harboring the orotidine 5'-monophosphate decarboxylase gene (pyrG) under the control of the FIII-avicelase gene (cbhI) promoter. Thus, candidate mutants deficient in cellulose-responsive induction were positively screened via counter selection against 5-fluoroorotic acid (5-FOA). Among less than two hundred 5-FOA-resistant mutants, one mutant that the T-DNA inserted into the AasepM locus reduced the cbhI expression in response to cellulose. Since AaSepM is similar to Schizosaccharomyces pombe Cdc14p (E-value, 2e-20; identities, 33%), which is a component of the septation initiation network (SIN)-complex, we constructed an AasepM deletion mutant (ΔAasepM). We analyzed the expression of cellulase and xylanase genes in response to cellulose, septation, and conidiation in ΔAasepM. The AasepM deletion leads to delayed septation and decreased formation of the conidium chain in A. aculeatus but does not affect hyphal growth on minimal media. We also confirmed AaSepM's involvement in multiple cellulose-responsive signaling pathways of cellulase and xylanase genes under the control of the ManR-dependent, XlnR-dependent, and ManR- and XlnR-independent signaling pathways. KEY POINTS : • A new regulator for cellulolytic gene expression has been identified. • AaSepM is involved in septation and conidiation in A. aculeatus. • AasepM is involved in multiple cellulose-responsive signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Tsumura
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Sakai, 599-8531, Japan
| | - Kazumi Sawada
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Sakai, 599-8531, Japan
| | - Emi Kunitake
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Sakai, 599-8531, Japan.,Graduate School of Bioresources, Mie University, 1577 Kurimamachiya-cho, Tsu, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Sumitani
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Sakai, 599-8531, Japan
| | - Takashi Kawaguchi
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Sakai, 599-8531, Japan
| | - Shuji Tani
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Sakai, 599-8531, Japan.
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10
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de Paula RG, Antoniêto ACC, Ribeiro LFC, Srivastava N, O'Donovan A, Mishra PK, Gupta VK, Silva RN. Engineered microbial host selection for value-added bioproducts from lignocellulose. Biotechnol Adv 2019; 37:107347. [PMID: 30771467 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Lignocellulose is a rich and sustainable globally available carbon source and is considered a prominent alternative raw material for producing biofuels and valuable chemical compounds. Enzymatic hydrolysis is one of the crucial steps of lignocellulose degradation. Cellulolytic and hemicellulolytic enzyme mixes produced by different microorganisms including filamentous fungi, yeasts and bacteria, are used to degrade the biomass to liberate monosaccharides and other compounds for fermentation or conversion to value-added products. During biomass pretreatment and degradation, toxic compounds are produced, and undesirable carbon catabolic repression (CCR) can occur. In order to solve this problem, microbial metabolic pathways and transcription factors involved have been investigated along with the application of protein engineering to optimize the biorefinery platform. Engineered Microorganisms have been used to produce specific enzymes to breakdown biomass polymers and metabolize sugars to produce ethanol as well other biochemical compounds. Protein engineering strategies have been used for modifying lignocellulolytic enzymes to overcome enzymatic limitations and improving both their production and functionality. Furthermore, promoters and transcription factors, which are key proteins in this process, are modified to promote microbial gene expression that allows a maximum performance of the hydrolytic enzymes for lignocellulosic degradation. The present review will present a critical discussion and highlight the aspects of the use of microorganisms to convert lignocellulose into value-added bioproduct as well combat the bottlenecks to make the biorefinery platform from lignocellulose attractive to the market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato Graciano de Paula
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Liliane Fraga Costa Ribeiro
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Neha Srivastava
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Technology, IIT (BHU), Varanasi 221005, U.P, India
| | - Anthonia O'Donovan
- School of Science and Computing, Galway-Mayo Institute of Technology, Galway, Ireland
| | - P K Mishra
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Technology, IIT (BHU), Varanasi 221005, U.P, India
| | - Vijai K Gupta
- ERA Chair of Green Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia.
| | - Roberto N Silva
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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11
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Llanos A, Déjean S, Neugnot-Roux V, François JM, Parrou JL. Carbon sources and XlnR-dependent transcriptional landscape of CAZymes in the industrial fungus Talaromyces versatilis: when exception seems to be the rule. Microb Cell Fact 2019; 18:14. [PMID: 30691469 PMCID: PMC6348686 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-019-1062-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Research on filamentous fungi emphasized the remarkable redundancy in genes encoding hydrolytic enzymes, the similarities but also the large differences in their expression, especially through the role of the XlnR/XYR1 transcriptional activator. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the specificities of the industrial fungus Talaromyces versatilis, getting clues into the role of XlnR and the importance of glucose repression at the transcriptional level, to provide further levers for cocktail production. Results By studying a set of 62 redundant genes representative of several categories of enzymes, our results underlined the huge plasticity of transcriptional responses when changing nutritional status. As a general trend, the more heterogeneous the substrate, the more efficient to trigger activation. Genetic modifications of xlnR led to significant reorganisation of transcriptional patterns. Just a minimal set of genes actually fitted in a simplistic model of regulation by a transcriptional activator, and this under specific substrates. On the contrary, the diversity of xlnR+ versus ΔxlnR responses illustrated the existence of complex and unpredicted patterns of co-regulated genes that were highly dependent on the culture condition, even between genes that encode members of a functional category of enzymes. They notably revealed a dual, substrate-dependant repressor-activator role of XlnR, with counter-intuitive transcripts regulations that targeted specific genes. About glucose, it appeared as a formal repressive sugar as we observed a massive repression of most genes upon glucose addition to the mycelium grown on wheat straw. However, we also noticed a positive role of this sugar on the basal expression of a few genes, (notably those encoding cellulases), showing again the strong dependence of these regulatory mechanisms upon promoter and nutritional contexts. Conclusions The diversity of transcriptional patterns appeared to be the rule, while common and stable behaviour, both within gene families and with fungal literature, the exception. The setup of a new biotechnological process to reach optimized, if not customized expression patterns of enzymes, hence appeared tricky just relying on published data that can lead, in the best scenario, to approximate trends. We instead encourage preliminary experimental assays, carried out in the context of interest to reassess gene responses, as a mandatory step before thinking in (genetic) strategies for the improvement of enzyme production in fungi.![]() Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12934-019-1062-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustina Llanos
- LISBP, Université de Toulouse, INSA, INRA, CNRS, Toulouse, France.,Adisseo France S.A.S, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, 31077, Toulouse, France
| | - Sébastien Déjean
- Institut de Mathématiques de Toulouse, UMR5219-Université de Toulouse; CNRS-UPS, 31062, Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | | | - Jean M François
- LISBP, Université de Toulouse, INSA, INRA, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Luc Parrou
- LISBP, Université de Toulouse, INSA, INRA, CNRS, Toulouse, France.
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12
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Adnan M, Zheng W, Islam W, Arif M, Abubakar YS, Wang Z, Lu G. Carbon Catabolite Repression in Filamentous Fungi. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 19:ijms19010048. [PMID: 29295552 PMCID: PMC5795998 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon Catabolite Repression (CCR) has fascinated scientists and researchers around the globe for the past few decades. This important mechanism allows preferential utilization of an energy-efficient and readily available carbon source over relatively less easily accessible carbon sources. This mechanism helps microorganisms to obtain maximum amount of glucose in order to keep pace with their metabolism. Microorganisms assimilate glucose and highly favorable sugars before switching to less-favored sources of carbon such as organic acids and alcohols. In CCR of filamentous fungi, CreA acts as a transcription factor, which is regulated to some extent by ubiquitination. CreD-HulA ubiquitination ligase complex helps in CreA ubiquitination, while CreB-CreC deubiquitination (DUB) complex removes ubiquitin from CreA, which causes its activation. CCR of fungi also involves some very crucial elements such as Hexokinases, cAMP, Protein Kinase (PKA), Ras proteins, G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), Adenylate cyclase, RcoA and SnfA. Thorough study of molecular mechanism of CCR is important for understanding growth, conidiation, virulence and survival of filamentous fungi. This review is a comprehensive revision of the regulation of CCR in filamentous fungi as well as an updated summary of key regulators, regulation of different CCR-dependent mechanisms and its impact on various physical characteristics of filamentous fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Adnan
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticides and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Wenhui Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticides and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Waqar Islam
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Muhammad Arif
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Yakubu Saddeeq Abubakar
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticides and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Zonghua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticides and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Guodong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticides and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
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Self-induction system for cellulase production by cellobiose produced from glucose in Rhizopus stolonifer. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10161. [PMID: 28860637 PMCID: PMC5579273 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10964-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellulolytic fungi have evolved a sophisticated genetic regulatory network of cellulase synthesis to adapt to the natural environment. Even in the absence of lignocellulose, it still secretes low levels of “constitutive” cellulase for standby application. However, the mechanisms of this constitutive expression remain incompletely understood. Here we identified a cellobiose synthetase (CBS) from Rhizopus stolonifer, which has the capacity to catalyse the synthesis of cellobiose from uridine diphosphate glucose (UDPG). Through the construction of R. stolonifer Δcbs strain, we found that CBS plays a key role in the synthesis of cellulase. Further analysis of cellulase synthesis under glucose culture reveals that the cellobiose-responsive regulator CLR1 was activated by CBS-synthesized cellobiose, thereby promoting the expression of CLR2 and finally opening the transcription of cellulase genes. Our results suggest that R. stolonifer can be induced by self-synthesized cellobiose to produce cellulase, which can be used to reconstruct the expression regulation network to achieve rapid production of cellulase using simple carbon source. Based on our data, the “constitutive expression” of cellulase actually derives from the induction of cellobiose that synthesized by CBS from carbohydrate metabolites, which updates our knowledge of cellulase, and provides a novel insight into the regulation of cellulase synthesis.
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Conservation and diversity of the regulators of cellulolytic enzyme genes in Ascomycete fungi. Curr Genet 2017; 63:951-958. [DOI: 10.1007/s00294-017-0695-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2017] [Revised: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Tani S, Yuki S, Kunitake E, Sumitani JI, Kawaguchi T. Dipeptidyl peptidase IV is involved in the cellulose-responsive induction of cellulose biomass-degrading enzyme genes in Aspergillus aculeatus. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2017; 81:1227-1234. [PMID: 28290772 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2017.1295800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We screened for factors involved in the cellulose-responsive induction of cellulose biomass-degrading enzyme genes from approximately 12,000 Aspergillus aculeatus T-DNA insertion mutants harboring a transcriptional fusion between the FIII-avicelase gene (cbhI) promoter and the orotidine 5'-monophosphate decarboxylase gene. Analysis of 5-fluoroorodic acid (5-FOA) sensitivity, cellulose utilization, and cbhI expression of the mutants revealed that a mutant harboring T-DNA at the dipeptidyl peptidase IV (dppIV) locus had acquired 5-FOA resistance and was deficient in cellulose utilization and cbhI expression. The deletion of dppIV resulted in a significant reduction in the cellulose-responsive expression of both cbhI as well as genes controlled by XlnR-independent and XlnR-dependent signaling pathways at an early phase in A. aculeatus. In contrast, the dppIV deletion did not affect the xylose-responsive expression of genes under the control of XlnR. These results demonstrate that DppIV participates in cellulose-responsive induction in A. aculeatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuji Tani
- a Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences , Osaka Prefecture University , Sakai , Japan
| | - Shota Yuki
- a Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences , Osaka Prefecture University , Sakai , Japan
| | - Emi Kunitake
- a Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences , Osaka Prefecture University , Sakai , Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Sumitani
- a Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences , Osaka Prefecture University , Sakai , Japan
| | - Takashi Kawaguchi
- a Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences , Osaka Prefecture University , Sakai , Japan
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Benocci T, Aguilar-Pontes MV, Zhou M, Seiboth B, de Vries RP. Regulators of plant biomass degradation in ascomycetous fungi. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2017; 10:152. [PMID: 28616076 PMCID: PMC5468973 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-017-0841-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Fungi play a major role in the global carbon cycle because of their ability to utilize plant biomass (polysaccharides, proteins, and lignin) as carbon source. Due to the complexity and heterogenic composition of plant biomass, fungi need to produce a broad range of degrading enzymes, matching the composition of (part of) the prevalent substrate. This process is dependent on a network of regulators that not only control the extracellular enzymes that degrade the biomass, but also the metabolic pathways needed to metabolize the resulting monomers. This review will summarize the current knowledge on regulation of plant biomass utilization in fungi and compare the differences between fungal species, focusing in particular on the presence or absence of the regulators involved in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziano Benocci
- Fungal Physiology, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute & Fungal Molecular Physiology, Utrecht University, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Victoria Aguilar-Pontes
- Fungal Physiology, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute & Fungal Molecular Physiology, Utrecht University, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Miaomiao Zhou
- Fungal Physiology, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute & Fungal Molecular Physiology, Utrecht University, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bernhard Seiboth
- Research Area Biochemical Technology, Institute of Chemical and Biological Engineering, TU Wien, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ronald P. de Vries
- Fungal Physiology, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute & Fungal Molecular Physiology, Utrecht University, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
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