1
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de Crécy-Lagard V, Hutinet G, Cediel-Becerra JDD, Yuan Y, Zallot R, Chevrette MG, Ratnayake RMMN, Jaroch M, Quaiyum S, Bruner S. Biosynthesis and function of 7-deazaguanine derivatives in bacteria and phages. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2024; 88:e0019923. [PMID: 38421302 PMCID: PMC10966956 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00199-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
SUMMARYDeazaguanine modifications play multifaceted roles in the molecular biology of DNA and tRNA, shaping diverse yet essential biological processes, including the nuanced fine-tuning of translation efficiency and the intricate modulation of codon-anticodon interactions. Beyond their roles in translation, deazaguanine modifications contribute to cellular stress resistance, self-nonself discrimination mechanisms, and host evasion defenses, directly modulating the adaptability of living organisms. Deazaguanine moieties extend beyond nucleic acid modifications, manifesting in the structural diversity of biologically active natural products. Their roles in fundamental cellular processes and their presence in biologically active natural products underscore their versatility and pivotal contributions to the intricate web of molecular interactions within living organisms. Here, we discuss the current understanding of the biosynthesis and multifaceted functions of deazaguanines, shedding light on their diverse and dynamic roles in the molecular landscape of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie de Crécy-Lagard
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- University of Florida Genetics Institute, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Geoffrey Hutinet
- Department of Biology, Haverford College, Haverford, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Yifeng Yuan
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Rémi Zallot
- Department of Life Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Marc G. Chevrette
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | | | - Marshall Jaroch
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Samia Quaiyum
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Steven Bruner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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2
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Hegde TR, Rufus OO, Lee J, Hong SH. Optimizing Cell-Free Protein Synthesis for Antimicrobial Protein Production. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2720:3-16. [PMID: 37775654 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3469-1_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Cell-free protein synthesis provides a flexible platform for the production of difficult-to-express proteins, because maintaining cell viability is unnecessary. The antimicrobial proteins known as bacteriocins have great potential for development as antibiotic alternatives. Here, we describe detailed protocols for producing and characterizing colicins-antimicrobial proteins that are produced by Escherichia coli hosts and inactivate nonhost E. coli strains. Active colicins can be produced with lysates containing molecular chaperones and coproduction of immunity proteins in cell-free protein synthesis reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ogechi Okocha Rufus
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Joongoo Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, South Korea
| | - Seok Hoon Hong
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
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3
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Abstract
The study of eukaryotic tRNA processing has given rise to an explosion of new information and insights in the last several years. We now have unprecedented knowledge of each step in the tRNA processing pathway, revealing unexpected twists in biochemical pathways, multiple new connections with regulatory pathways, and numerous biological effects of defects in processing steps that have profound consequences throughout eukaryotes, leading to growth phenotypes in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and to neurological and other disorders in humans. This review highlights seminal new results within the pathways that comprise the life of a tRNA, from its birth after transcription until its death by decay. We focus on new findings and revelations in each step of the pathway including the end-processing and splicing steps, many of the numerous modifications throughout the main body and anticodon loop of tRNA that are so crucial for tRNA function, the intricate tRNA trafficking pathways, and the quality control decay pathways, as well as the biogenesis and biology of tRNA-derived fragments. We also describe the many interactions of these pathways with signaling and other pathways in the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric M Phizicky
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and Center for RNA Biology, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, New York 14642, USA
| | - Anita K Hopper
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Center for RNA Biology, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43235, USA
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4
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Cristodero M, Brogli R, Joss O, Schimanski B, Schneider A, Polacek N. tRNA 3' shortening by LCCR4 as a response to stress in Trypanosoma brucei. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:1647-1661. [PMID: 33406257 PMCID: PMC7897491 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaa1261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensing of environmental cues is crucial for cell survival. To adapt to changes in their surroundings cells need to tightly control the repertoire of genes expressed at any time. Regulation of translation is key, especially in organisms in which transcription is hardly controlled, like Trypanosoma brucei. In this study, we describe the shortening of the bulk of the cellular tRNAs during stress at the expense of the conserved 3' CCA-tail. This tRNA shortening is specific for nutritional stress and renders tRNAs unsuitable substrates for translation. We uncovered the nuclease LCCR4 (Tb927.4.2430), a homologue of the conserved deadenylase Ccr4, as being responsible for tRNA trimming. Once optimal growth conditions are restored tRNAs are rapidly repaired by the trypanosome tRNA nucleotidyltransferase thus rendering the recycled tRNAs amenable for translation. This mechanism represents a fast and efficient way to repress translation during stress, allowing quick reactivation with a low energy input.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rebecca Brogli
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Joss
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Bernd Schimanski
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - André Schneider
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Norbert Polacek
- Correspondence may also be addressed to Norbert Polacek. Tel: +41 031 631 4320;
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5
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Songailiene I, Juozapaitis J, Tamulaitiene G, Ruksenaite A, Šulčius S, Sasnauskas G, Venclovas Č, Siksnys V. HEPN-MNT Toxin-Antitoxin System: The HEPN Ribonuclease Is Neutralized by OligoAMPylation. Mol Cell 2020; 80:955-970.e7. [PMID: 33290744 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2020.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Prokaryotic toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems are composed of a toxin capable of interfering with key cellular processes and its neutralizing antidote, the antitoxin. Here, we focus on the HEPN-MNT TA system encoded in the vicinity of a subtype I-D CRISPR-Cas system in the cyanobacterium Aphanizomenon flos-aquae. We show that HEPN acts as a toxic RNase, which cleaves off 4 nt from the 3' end in a subset of tRNAs, thereby interfering with translation. Surprisingly, we find that the MNT (minimal nucleotidyltransferase) antitoxin inhibits HEPN RNase through covalent di-AMPylation (diadenylylation) of a conserved tyrosine residue, Y109, in the active site loop. Furthermore, we present crystallographic snapshots of the di-AMPylation reaction at different stages that explain the mechanism of HEPN RNase inactivation. Finally, we propose that the HEPN-MNT system functions as a cellular ATP sensor that monitors ATP homeostasis and, at low ATP levels, releases active HEPN toxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga Songailiene
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekio av. 7, 10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Jonas Juozapaitis
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekio av. 7, 10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Giedre Tamulaitiene
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekio av. 7, 10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Audrone Ruksenaite
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekio av. 7, 10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Sigitas Šulčius
- Laboratory of Algology and Microbial Ecology, Nature Research Centre, Akademijos str. 2, 08412 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Giedrius Sasnauskas
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekio av. 7, 10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Česlovas Venclovas
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekio av. 7, 10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Virginijus Siksnys
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekio av. 7, 10257 Vilnius, Lithuania.
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6
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Ogawa T, Takahashi K, Ishida W, Aono T, Hidaka M, Terada T, Masaki H. Substrate recognition mechanism of tRNA-targeting ribonuclease, colicin D, and an insight into tRNA cleavage-mediated translation impairment. RNA Biol 2020; 18:1193-1205. [PMID: 33211605 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2020.1838782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Colicin D is a plasmid-encoded bacteriocin that specifically cleaves tRNAArg of sensitive Escherichia coli cells. E. coli has four isoaccepting tRNAArgs; the cleavage occurs at the 3' end of anticodon-loop, leading to translation impairment in the sensitive cells. tRNAs form a common L-shaped structure and have many conserved nucleotides that limit tRNA identity elements. How colicin D selects tRNAArgs from the tRNA pool of sensitive E. coli cells is therefore intriguing. Here, we reveal the recognition mechanism of colicin D via biochemical analyses as well as structural modelling. Colicin D recognizes tRNAArgICG, the most abundant species of E. coli tRNAArgs, at its anticodon-loop and D-arm, and selects it as the most preferred substrate by distinguishing its anticodon-loop sequence from that of others. It has been assumed that translation impairment is caused by a decrease in intact tRNA molecules due to cleavage. However, we found that intracellular levels of intact tRNAArgICG do not determine the viability of sensitive cells after such cleavage; rather, an accumulation of cleaved ones does. Cleaved tRNAArgICG dominant-negatively impairs translation in vitro. Moreover, we revealed that EF-Tu, which is required for the delivery of tRNAs, does not compete with colicin D for binding tRNAArgICG, which is consistent with our structural model. Finally, elevation of cleaved tRNAArgICG level decreases the viability of sensitive cells. These results suggest that cleaved tRNAArgICG transiently occupies ribosomal A-site in an EF-Tu-dependent manner, leading to translation impairment. The strategy should also be applicable to other tRNA-targeting RNases, as they, too, recognize anticodon-loops.Abbreviations: mnm5U: 5-methylaminomethyluridine; mcm5s2U: 5-methoxycarbonylmethyl-2-thiouridine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuhiro Ogawa
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazutoshi Takahashi
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wataru Ishida
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Aono
- Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Biotechnology Research Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Hidaka
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tohru Terada
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Masaki
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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7
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Mohanty BK, Kushner SR. Enzymes Involved in Posttranscriptional RNA Metabolism in Gram-Negative Bacteria. Microbiol Spectr 2018; 6:10.1128/microbiolspec.RWR-0011-2017. [PMID: 29676246 PMCID: PMC5912700 DOI: 10.1128/microbiolspec.rwr-0011-2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene expression in Gram-negative bacteria is regulated at many levels, including transcription initiation, RNA processing, RNA/RNA interactions, mRNA decay, and translational controls involving enzymes that alter translational efficiency. In this review, we discuss the various enzymes that control transcription, translation, and RNA stability through RNA processing and degradation. RNA processing is essential to generate functional RNAs, while degradation helps control the steady-state level of each individual transcript. For example, all the pre-tRNAs are transcribed with extra nucleotides at both their 5' and 3' termini, which are subsequently processed to produce mature tRNAs that can be aminoacylated. Similarly, rRNAs that are transcribed as part of a 30S polycistronic transcript are matured to individual 16S, 23S, and 5S rRNAs. Decay of mRNAs plays a key role in gene regulation through controlling the steady-state level of each transcript, which is essential for maintaining appropriate protein levels. In addition, degradation of both translated and nontranslated RNAs recycles nucleotides to facilitate new RNA synthesis. To carry out all these reactions, Gram-negative bacteria employ a large number of endonucleases, exonucleases, RNA helicases, and poly(A) polymerase, as well as proteins that regulate the catalytic activity of particular RNases. Under certain stress conditions, an additional group of specialized endonucleases facilitate the cell's ability to adapt and survive. Many of the enzymes, such as RNase E, RNase III, polynucleotide phosphorylase, RNase R, and poly(A) polymerase I, participate in multiple RNA processing and decay pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sidney R Kushner
- Department of Genetics
- Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
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8
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Donovan J, Rath S, Kolet-Mandrikov D, Korennykh A. Rapid RNase L-driven arrest of protein synthesis in the dsRNA response without degradation of translation machinery. RNA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2017; 23:1660-1671. [PMID: 28808124 PMCID: PMC5648034 DOI: 10.1261/rna.062000.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian cells respond to double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) by activating a translation-inhibiting endoribonuclease, RNase L. Consensus in the field indicates that RNase L arrests protein synthesis by degrading ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) and messenger RNAs (mRNAs). However, here we provide evidence for a different and far more efficient mechanism. By sequencing abundant RNA fragments generated by RNase L in human cells, we identify site-specific cleavage of two groups of noncoding RNAs: Y-RNAs, whose function is poorly understood, and cytosolic tRNAs, which are essential for translation. Quantitative analysis of human RNA cleavage versus nascent protein synthesis in lung carcinoma cells shows that RNase L stops global translation when tRNAs, as well as rRNAs and mRNAs, are still intact. Therefore, RNase L does not have to degrade the translation machinery to stop protein synthesis. Our data point to a rapid mechanism that transforms a subtle RNA cleavage into a cell-wide translation arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse Donovan
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Sneha Rath
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - David Kolet-Mandrikov
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Alexei Korennykh
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
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9
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Mehlgarten C, Prochaska H, Hammermeister A, Abdel-Fattah W, Wagner M, Krutyhołowa R, Jun SE, Kim GT, Glatt S, Breunig KD, Stark MJR, Schaffrath R. Use of a Yeast tRNase Killer Toxin to Diagnose Kti12 Motifs Required for tRNA Modification by Elongator. Toxins (Basel) 2017; 9:E272. [PMID: 28872616 PMCID: PMC5618205 DOI: 10.3390/toxins9090272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells are killed by zymocin, a tRNase ribotoxin complex from Kluyveromyces lactis, which cleaves anticodons and inhibits protein synthesis. Zymocin's action requires specific chemical modification of uridine bases in the anticodon wobble position (U34) by the Elongator complex (Elp1-Elp6). Hence, loss of anticodon modification in mutants lacking Elongator or related KTI (K. lactis Toxin Insensitive) genes protects against tRNA cleavage and confers resistance to the toxin. Here, we show that zymocin can be used as a tool to genetically analyse KTI12, a gene previously shown to code for an Elongator partner protein. From a kti12 mutant pool of zymocin survivors, we identify motifs in Kti12 that are functionally directly coupled to Elongator activity. In addition, shared requirement of U34 modifications for nonsense and missense tRNA suppression (SUP4; SOE1) strongly suggests that Kti12 and Elongator cooperate to assure proper tRNA functioning. We show that the Kti12 motifs are conserved in plant ortholog DRL1/ELO4 from Arabidopsis thaliana and seem to be involved in binding of cofactors (e.g., nucleotides, calmodulin). Elongator interaction defects triggered by mutations in these motifs correlate with phenotypes typical for loss of U34 modification. Thus, tRNA modification by Elongator appears to require physical contact with Kti12, and our preliminary data suggest that metabolic signals may affect proper communication between them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constance Mehlgarten
- Institut für Biologie, Martin Luther Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Weinbergweg 10, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany.
| | - Heike Prochaska
- Institut für Biologie, Martin Luther Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Weinbergweg 10, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany.
| | - Alexander Hammermeister
- Institut für Biologie, FG Mikrobiologie, Universität Kassel, Heirich-Plett-Str. 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany.
| | - Wael Abdel-Fattah
- Institut für Biologie, FG Mikrobiologie, Universität Kassel, Heirich-Plett-Str. 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany.
| | - Melanie Wagner
- Institut für Biologie, Martin Luther Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Weinbergweg 10, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany.
| | - Rościsław Krutyhołowa
- Max Planck Research Group at the Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 31-007 Krakow, Poland.
- Department of Cell Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 31-007 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Sang Eun Jun
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Dong-A University, Busan 604-714, Korea.
| | - Gyung-Tae Kim
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Dong-A University, Busan 604-714, Korea.
| | - Sebastian Glatt
- Max Planck Research Group at the Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 31-007 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Karin D Breunig
- Institut für Biologie, Martin Luther Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Weinbergweg 10, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany.
| | - Michael J R Stark
- Centre for Gene Regulation & Expression, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK.
| | - Raffael Schaffrath
- Institut für Biologie, Martin Luther Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Weinbergweg 10, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany.
- Institut für Biologie, FG Mikrobiologie, Universität Kassel, Heirich-Plett-Str. 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany.
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10
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Abstract
Wobble uridines (U34) are generally modified in all species. U34 modifications can be essential in metazoans but are not required for viability in fungi. In this review, we provide an overview on the types of modifications and how they affect the physico-chemical properties of wobble uridines. We describe the molecular machinery required to introduce these modifications into tRNA posttranscriptionally and discuss how posttranslational regulation may affect the activity of the modifying enzymes. We highlight the activity of anticodon specific RNases that target U34 containing tRNA. Finally, we discuss how defects in wobble uridine modifications lead to phenotypes in different species. Importantly, this review will mainly focus on the cytoplasmic tRNAs of eukaryotes. A recent review has extensively covered their bacterial and mitochondrial counterparts.1
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffael Schaffrath
- a Institut für Biologie, FG Mikrobiologie , Universität Kassel , Germany
| | - Sebastian A Leidel
- b Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine , Germany.,c Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence , University of Münster , Münster , Germany.,d Medical Faculty , University of Münster , Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Münster , Germany
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11
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Ng TB, Cheung RCF, Wong JH, Chan YS, Dan X, Pan W, Wang H, Guan S, Chan K, Ye X, Liu F, Xia L, Chan WY. Fungal proteinaceous compounds with multiple biological activities. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:6601-6617. [PMID: 27338574 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7671-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Fungi comprise organisms like molds, yeasts and mushrooms. They have been used as food or medicine for a long time. A large number of fungal proteins or peptides with diverse biological activities are considered as antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral and anticancer agents. They encompass proteases, ribosome inactivating proteins, defensins, hemolysins, lectins, laccases, ribonucleases, immunomodulatory proteins, and polysaccharopeptides. The target of the present review is to update the status of the various bioactivities of these fungal proteins and peptides and discuss their therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzi Bun Ng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Randy Chi Fai Cheung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Jack Ho Wong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Yau Sang Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease for Allergy at Shenzhen University, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Nanhai Ave 3688, 518060, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuli Dan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wenliang Pan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hexiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Department of Microbiology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Suzhen Guan
- Department of Social Medicine, College of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, China
| | - Ki Chan
- Biomedical and Tissue Engineering Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, 34 Hospital Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiuyun Ye
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Enzyme Engineering, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Microbiology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lixin Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease for Allergy at Shenzhen University, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Nanhai Ave 3688, 518060, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wai Yee Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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