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Nakane A, Hirose S, Kawai N, Fujimoto N, Kondo E, Asano K. Salmon nasal cartilage proteoglycan stimulates hair growth. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2023; 88:107-110. [PMID: 37881018 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbad149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Hair loss is a commonly encountered problem. In this study, hair growth was enhanced by daily oral ingestion of salmon nasal cartilage proteoglycan (PG) in mice. Proteoglycan stimulated vesicular endothelial growth factor production in human follicle dermal papilla cells through insulin growth factor-1 receptor signaling, suggesting the possibility of hair loss improvement by PG ingestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akio Nakane
- Department of Biopolymer and Health Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Shouhei Hirose
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Noriaki Kawai
- Department of Biopolymer and Health Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Naoki Fujimoto
- Department of Healthcare, DyDo DRINCO, Inc., Osaka, Japan
| | - Eriko Kondo
- Department of Healthcare, DyDo DRINCO, Inc., Osaka, Japan
| | - Krisana Asano
- Department of Biopolymer and Health Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
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Regulation of stem cell fate by HSPGs: implication in hair follicle cycling. NPJ Regen Med 2022; 7:77. [PMID: 36577752 PMCID: PMC9797564 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-022-00267-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) are part of proteoglycan family. They are composed of heparan sulfate (HS)-type glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains covalently linked to a core protein. By interacting with growth factors and/or receptors, they regulate numerous pathways including Wnt, hedgehog (Hh), bone morphogenic protein (BMP) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) pathways. They act as inhibitor or activator of these pathways to modulate embryonic and adult stem cell fate during organ morphogenesis, regeneration and homeostasis. This review summarizes the knowledge on HSPG structure and classification and explores several signaling pathways regulated by HSPGs in stem cell fate. A specific focus on hair follicle stem cell fate and the possibility to target HSPGs in order to tackle hair loss are discussed in more dermatological and cosmeceutical perspectives.
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Managing Skin Ageing as a Modifiable Disorder—The Clinical Application of Nourella® Dual Approach Comprising a Nano-Encapsulated Retinoid, Retilex-A® and a Skin Proteoglycan Replacement Therapy, Vercilex®. COSMETICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/cosmetics9020031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin ageing is a progressive, but modifiable, multi-factorial disorder that involves all the skin’s tissues. Due to its wide range of physiological and psychosocial complications, skin ageing requires rigorous clinical attention. In this review, we aim to encourage clinicians to consider skin ageing as a disorder and suggest a novel, dual approach to its clinical treatment. Topical retinoids and per-oral proteoglycans are promising, non-invasive, therapeutic modalities. To overcome the low bioavailability of conventional free retinoids, Nourella® cream with Retilex-A® (Pharma Medico, Aarhus, Denmark) was developed using a proprietary nano-encapsulation technology. The nano-encapsulation is a sophisticated ‘permeation/penetration enhancer’ that optimises topical drug delivery by increasing the surface availability and net absorption ratio. Treatment adherence is also improved by minimising skin irritation. Interventional evidence suggests the greater efficacy of Retilex-A® in improving skin thickness and elasticity compared with conventional free forms. It is also reported that the rejuvenating efficacy of Retilex-A® and tretinoin are comparable. Another skin anti-ageing approach is proteoglycan replacement therapy (PRT) with Vercilex®. Vercilex® in Nourella® tablet form has the potential to ameliorate proteoglycan dysmetabolism in aged skin by activating skin cells and improving collagen/elastin turnover. Replicated clinical trials evidenced that PRT can significantly enhance the density, elasticity and thickness of both intrinsically aged and photoaged skin. Evidently, Vercilex® and Retilex-A® share a range of bioactivities that underlie their synergistic activity, as observed in a clinical trial. Dual therapy with Nourella® tablets and cream produced greater effects on skin characteristics than monotherapy with each of the two treatments. In conclusion, Nourella® cream and tablets are safe and effective treatments for skin ageing; however, combining the two in a ‘dual skin rejuvenation system’ significantly improves treatment outcomes.
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Masutani T, Yamada S, Hara A, Takahashi T, Green PG, Niwa M. Exogenous Application of Proteoglycan to the Cell Surface Microenvironment Facilitates to Chondrogenic Differentiation and Maintenance. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207744. [PMID: 33086766 PMCID: PMC7589071 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA), a disease that greatly impacts quality of life, has increasing worldwide prevalence as the population ages. However, its pathogenic mechanisms have not been fully elucidated and current therapeutic treatment strategies are inadequate. In recent years, abnormal endochondral ossification in articular cartilage has received attention as a pathophysiological mechanism in OA. Cartilage is composed of abundant extracellular matrix components, which are involved in tissue maintenance and regeneration, but how these factors affect endochondral ossification is not clear. Here, we show that the application of aggrecan-type proteoglycan from salmon nasal cartilage (sPG) exhibited marked proliferative capacity through receptor tyrosine kinases in chondroprogenitor cells, and also exhibited differentiation and three-dimensional structure formation via phosphorylation of Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 Receptor and Growth Differentiation Factor 5 expression. Furthermore, sPG inhibited calcification via expression of Runx2 and Col10 (factors related to induction of calcification), while increasing Mgp, a mineralization inhibitory factor. As a result of analyzing the localization of sPG applied to the cells, it was localized on the surface of the cell membrane. In this study, we found that sPG, as a biomaterial, could regulate cell proliferation, differentiation and calcification inhibition by acting on the cell surface microenvironment. Therefore, sPG may be the foundation for a novel therapeutic approach for cartilage maintenance and for improved symptoms in OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teruaki Masutani
- Medical Education Development Center, Gifu University School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu City 501-1194, Japan;
- Research & Development Dept., Ichimaru Pharcos Co., Ltd., 318-1 Asagi, Motosu City 501-0475, Japan;
| | - Shuhei Yamada
- Department of Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, 150 Yagotoyama, Tempaku-ku, Nagoya 468-8503, Japan;
| | - Akira Hara
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu City 501-1194, Japan;
| | - Tatsuji Takahashi
- Research & Development Dept., Ichimaru Pharcos Co., Ltd., 318-1 Asagi, Motosu City 501-0475, Japan;
| | - Paul G Green
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA;
| | - Masayuki Niwa
- Medical Education Development Center, Gifu University School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu City 501-1194, Japan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-58-230-6470
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Integral Roles of Specific Proteoglycans in Hair Growth and Hair Loss: Mechanisms behind the Bioactivity of Proteoglycan Replacement Therapy with Nourkrin® with Marilex® in Pattern Hair Loss and Telogen Effluvium. Dermatol Res Pract 2020; 2020:8125081. [PMID: 32425997 PMCID: PMC7222612 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8125081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Follicular proteoglycans are key players with structural, functional, and regulatory roles in the growth and cycling behaviour of the hair follicles. The expression pattern of specific proteoglycans is strongly correlated with follicular phase transitions, which further affirms their functional involvement. Research shows that bioactive proteoglycans, e.g., versican and decorin, can actively trigger follicular phase shift by their anagen-inducing, anagen-maintaining, and immunoregulatory properties. This emerging insight has led to the recognition of “dysregulated proteoglycan metabolism” as a plausible causal or mediating pathology in hair growth disorders in both men and women. In support of this, declined expression of proteoglycans has been reported in cases of anagen shortening and follicular miniaturisation. To facilitate scientific communication, we propose designating this pathology “follicular hypoglycania (FHG),” which results from an impaired ability of follicular cells to replenish and maintain a minimum relative concentration of key proteoglycans during anagen. Lasting FHG may advance to structural decay, called proteoglycan follicular atrophy (PFA). This process is suggested to be an integral pathogenetic factor in pattern hair loss (PHL) and telogen effluvium (TE). To address FHG and PFA, a proteoglycan replacement therapy (PRT) program using oral administration of a marine-derived extract (Nourkrin® with Marilex®, produced by Pharma Medico Aps, Aarhus, Denmark) containing specific proteoglycans has been developed. In clinical studies, this treatment significantly reduced hair fall, promoted hair growth, and improved quality of life in patients with male- and female-pattern hair loss. Accordingly, PRT (using Nourkrin® with Marilex®) can be recommended as an add-on treatment or monotherapy in patients with PHL and TE.
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Hirose S, Narita K, Asano K, Nakane A. Salmon cartilage proteoglycan promotes the healing process of Staphylococcus aureus-infected wound. Heliyon 2018; 4:e00587. [PMID: 29862350 PMCID: PMC5968139 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e00587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Wound healing is the critical event for maintaining skin function and barrier. Inflammatory state in which a variety of cells are activated and accumulated is important for wound healing. Bacterial infection in cutaneous wound is a common problem and causes delay of wound healing. Our previous study demonstrated that the salmon nasal cartilage proteoglycan (PG) has an immunomodulatory effect in various mouse models of inflammatory disease. In this study, we investigated the effect of PG on healing process of Staphylococcus aureus-infected wound. PG accelerated wound closure in the initial phase of both infected and non-infected wound healing. In addition, the bacterial number in wounds of the PG-treated mice was significantly lower than that in the vehicle group. Neutrophil and macrophage infiltration was intensively observed in the PG-treated mice on day 2 after S. aureus inoculation, whereas neutrophil and macrophage influx was highly detected on day 6 in the vehicle control. Moreover, the production of TGF-β and IL-6 in the wound tissue was significantly promoted compared to the vehicle control on day 1. In contrast, the production of IL-1β and TNF-α in PG-treated mice was significantly decreased compared to the vehicle control on day 5. These data suggested that PG modulates the inflammatory state in infected wounds leading to promote wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouhei Hirose
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan.,Department of Biopolymer and Health Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
| | - Kouji Narita
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan.,Institute for Animal Experimentation, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
| | - Krisana Asano
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan.,Department of Biopolymer and Health Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
| | - Akio Nakane
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan.,Department of Biopolymer and Health Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
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