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Fujii S, Wilson MT, Adams HR, Mikolajek H, Svistunenko DA, Smyth P, Andrew CR, Sambongi Y, Hough MA. Conformational rigidity of cytochrome c'-α from a thermophile is associated with slow NO binding. Biophys J 2024; 123:2594-2603. [PMID: 38937973 PMCID: PMC11365222 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2024.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Cytochromes c'-α are nitric oxide (NO)-binding heme proteins derived from bacteria that can thrive in a wide range of temperature environments. Studies of mesophilic Alcaligenes xylosoxidans cytochrome c'-α (AxCP-α) have revealed an unusual NO-binding mechanism involving both heme faces, in which NO first binds to form a distal hexa-coordinate Fe(II)-NO (6cNO) intermediate and then displaces the proximal His to form a proximal penta-coordinate Fe(II)-NO (5cNO) final product. Here, we characterize a thermally stable cytochrome c'-α from thermophilic Hydrogenophilus thermoluteolus (PhCP-α) to understand how protein thermal stability affects NO binding. Electron paramagnetic and resonance Raman spectroscopies reveal the formation of a PhCP-α 5cNO product, with time-resolved (stopped-flow) UV-vis absorbance indicating the involvement of a 6cNO intermediate. Relative to AxCP-α, the rates of 6cNO and 5cNO formation in PhCP-α are ∼11- and ∼13-fold lower, respectively. Notably, x-ray crystal structures of PhCP-α in the presence and absence of NO suggest that the sluggish formation of the proximal 5cNO product results from conformational rigidity: the Arg-132 residue (adjacent to the proximal His ligand) is held in place by a salt bridge between Arg-75 and Glu-135 (an interaction not present in AxCP-α or a psychrophilic counterpart). Overall, our data provide fresh insights into structural factors controlling NO binding in heme proteins, including 5cNO complexes relevant to eukaryotic NO sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sotaro Fujii
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, United Kingdom; Research Complex at Harwell, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, United Kingdom; Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan.
| | - Michael T Wilson
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah R Adams
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom
| | - Halina Mikolajek
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, United Kingdom; Research Complex at Harwell, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, United Kingdom
| | | | - Peter Smyth
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, United Kingdom; Research Complex at Harwell, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, United Kingdom; School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom
| | - Colin R Andrew
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Eastern Oregon University, La Grande, Oregon
| | - Yoshihiro Sambongi
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan; Seto Inland Sea Carbon-neutral Research Center, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Michael A Hough
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, United Kingdom; Research Complex at Harwell, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, United Kingdom; School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom
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Yoshimi T, Fujii S, Oki H, Igawa T, Adams HR, Ueda K, Kawahara K, Ohkubo T, Hough MA, Sambongi Y. Crystal structure of thermally stable homodimeric cytochrome c'-β from Thermus thermophilus. Acta Crystallogr F Struct Biol Commun 2022; 78:217-225. [PMID: 35647678 PMCID: PMC9158659 DOI: 10.1107/s2053230x22005088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome c'-β is a heme protein that belongs to the cytochrome P460 family and consists of homodimeric subunits with a predominantly antiparallel β-sheet fold. Here, the crystal structure of cytochrome c'-β from the thermophilic Thermus thermophilus (TTCP-β) is reported at 1.74 Å resolution. TTCP-β has a typical antiparallel β-sheet fold similar to that of cytochrome c'-β from the moderately thermophilic Methylococcus capsulatus (MCCP-β). The phenylalanine cap structure around the distal side of the heme is also similar in TTCP-β and MCCP-β, indicating that both proteins similarly bind nitric oxide and carbon monoxide, as observed spectroscopically. Notably, TTCP-β exhibits a denaturation temperature of 117°C, which is higher than that of MCCP-β. Mutational analysis reveals that the increased homodimeric interface area of TTCP-β contributes to its high thermal stability. Furthermore, 14 proline residues, which are mostly located in the TTCP-β loop regions, possibly contribute to the rigid loop structure compared with MCCP-β, which has only six proline residues. These findings, together with those from phylogenetic analysis, suggest that the structures of Thermus cytochromes c'-β, including TTCP-β, are optimized for function under the high-temperature conditions in which the source organisms live.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taisuke Yoshimi
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Sotaro Fujii
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - Hiroya Oki
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Igawa
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
- Division of Bioresource Science, Amphibian Research Center, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hannah R. Adams
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, United Kingdom
| | - Kengo Ueda
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuki Kawahara
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tadayasu Ohkubo
- Division of Bioresource Science, Amphibian Research Center, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Michael A. Hough
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, United Kingdom
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, United Kingdom
| | - Yoshihiro Sambongi
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
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Fujii S, Kobayashi S, Yoshimi T, Kobayashi Y, Wakai S, Yamanaka M, Sambongi Y. Thermal stability tuning without affecting gas-binding function of Thermochromatium tepidum cytochrome c'. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2021; 85:1846-1852. [PMID: 34124760 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbab108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogenophilus thermoluteolus, Thermochromatium tepidum, and Allochromatium vinosum, which grow optimally at 52, 49, and 25 °C, respectively, have homologous cytochromes c' (PHCP, TTCP, and AVCP, respectively) exhibiting at least 50% amino acid sequence identity. Here, the thermal stability of the recombinant TTCP protein was first confirmed to be between those of PHCP and AVCP. Structure comparison of the 3 proteins and a mutagenesis study on TTCP revealed that hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions between the heme and amino acid residues were responsible for their stability differences. In addition, PHCP, TTCP, and AVCP and their variants with altered stability similarly bound nitric oxide and carbon oxide, but not oxygen. Therefore, the thermal stability of TTCP together with PHCP and AVCP can be tuned through specific interactions around the heme without affecting their gas-binding function. These cytochromes c' will be useful as specific gas sensor proteins exhibiting a wide thermal stability range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sotaro Fujii
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Satoru Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Taisuke Yoshimi
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yuji Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Satoshi Wakai
- Institute for Extra-Cutting-Edge Science and Technology Avant-Garde Research, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masaru Yamanaka
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Sambongi
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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Sakaguchi R, Fujiyoshi S, Wakai S, Yamanaka M, Sambongi Y. Thermal destabilization mechanism of cytochrome c' from psychrophilic Shewanella violacea. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2021; 85:1121-1127. [PMID: 33686411 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbab007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Cytochrome c' is a nitric oxide (NO)-binding heme protein found in Gram negative bacteria. The thermal stability of psychrophilic Shewanella violacea cytochrome c' (SVCP) is lower than those of its homologues from other 2 psychrophilic Shewanella species, indicating that thermal destabilization mechanism for low-temperature adaptation accumulates in SVCP. In order to understand this mechanism at the amino acid level, here the stability and function of SVCP variants, modeled using the 2 homologues, were examined. The variants exhibited increased stability, and they bound NO similar to the wild type. The vulnerability as to the SVCP stability could be attributed to less hydrogen bond at the subunit interface, more flexible loop structure, and less salt bridge on the protein surface, which appear to be its destabilization mechanism. This study provides an example for controlling stability without spoiling function in psychrophilic proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riku Sakaguchi
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - So Fujiyoshi
- Office of Academic Research and Industry-Government Collaboration, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Satoshi Wakai
- Institute for Extra-Cutting-Edge Science and Technology Avant-Garde Research, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokosuka, Japan
| | - Masaru Yamanaka
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Sambongi
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
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Wang W, Chen J, Zhu Y, Feng F. Activity prediction of aminoquinoline drugs based on deep learning. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2020; 68:927-937. [PMID: 32865272 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The results of the traditional prediction method for the activity of aminoquinoline drugs are inaccurate, so the prediction method for the activity of aminoquinoline drugs based on the deep learning is designed. The molecular holographic distance vector method was used to describe the molecular structure of 40 aminoquinoline compounds, and the principal component regression method was used for modeling and quantitative analysis. Two methods were used to predict the activity of aminoquinoline drugs. The correlation coefficients of the results obtained from the two sets of activity data and the cross test were 0.9438 and 0.9737, and 0.8305 and 0.9098, respectively. Our data suggested that method for the activity prediction of aminoquinoline drugs based on deep learning studied in this paper can better predict the activity of aminoquinoline drugs and provide a strong basis for the activity prediction of aminoquinoline drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenle Wang
- Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Jiangsu Food & Pharmaceutical Science College, Huai'an, China
| | - Jinquan Chen
- Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Jiangsu Food & Pharmaceutical Science College, Huai'an, China
| | - Yujie Zhu
- Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Jiangsu Food & Pharmaceutical Science College, Huai'an, China
| | - Feng Feng
- Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Jiangsu Food & Pharmaceutical Science College, Huai'an, China
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Stability of cytochromes c′ from psychrophilic and piezophilic Shewanella species: implications for complex multiple adaptation to low temperature and high hydrostatic pressure. Extremophiles 2019; 23:239-248. [DOI: 10.1007/s00792-019-01077-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Adams HR, Krewson C, Vardanega JE, Fujii S, Moreno-Chicano T, Moreno T, Chicano, Sambongi Y, Svistunenko D, Paps J, Andrew CR, Hough MA. One fold, two functions: cytochrome P460 and cytochrome c'-β from the methanotroph Methylococcus capsulatus (Bath). Chem Sci 2019; 10:3031-3041. [PMID: 30996884 PMCID: PMC6427953 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc05210g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nature is adept at utilising highly similar protein folds to carry out very different functions, yet the mechanisms by which this functional divergence occurs remain poorly characterised. In certain methanotrophic bacteria, two homologous pentacoordinate c-type heme proteins have been identified: a cytochrome P460 (cyt P460) and a cytochrome c'-β (cyt cp-β). Cytochromes P460 are able to convert hydroxylamine to nitrous oxide (N2O), a potent greenhouse gas. This reactivity is similar to that of hydroxylamine oxidoreductase (HAO), which is a key enzyme in nitrifying and methanotrophic bacteria. Cyt P460 and HAO both have unusual protein-heme cross-links, formed by a Tyr residue in HAO and a Lys in cyt P460. In contrast, cyts cp-β (the only known cytochromes c' with a β-sheet fold) lack this crosslink and appears to be optimized for binding non-polar molecules (including NO and CO) without enzymatic conversion. Our bioinformatics analysis supports the proposal that cyt cp-β may have evolved from cyt P460 via a gene duplication event. Using high-resolution X-ray crystallography, UV-visible absorption, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and resonance Raman spectroscopy, we have characterized the overall protein folding and active site structures of cyt cp-β and cyt P460 from the obligate methanotroph, Methylococcus capsulatus (Bath). These proteins display a similar β-sheet protein fold, together with a pattern of changes to the heme pocket regions and localised tertiary structure that have converted a hydroxylamine oxidizing enzyme into a gas-binding protein. Structural comparisons provide insights relevant to enzyme redesign for synthetic enzymology and engineering of gas sensor proteins. We also show the widespread occurrence of cyts cp-β and characterise their phylogeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah R Adams
- School of Biological Sciences , University of Essex , Wivenhoe Park , Colchester , Essex CO4 3SQ , UK .
| | - Callie Krewson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Eastern Oregon University , La Grande , Oregon 97850 , USA .
| | - Jenny E Vardanega
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Eastern Oregon University , La Grande , Oregon 97850 , USA .
| | - Sotaro Fujii
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science , Hiroshima University , Kagamiyama 1-4-4, Higashi-Hiroshima , Hiroshima , 739-8528 , Japan
| | | | - Tadeo Moreno
- School of Biological Sciences , University of Essex , Wivenhoe Park , Colchester , Essex CO4 3SQ , UK .
| | - Chicano
- School of Biological Sciences , University of Essex , Wivenhoe Park , Colchester , Essex CO4 3SQ , UK .
| | - Yoshihiro Sambongi
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science , Hiroshima University , Kagamiyama 1-4-4, Higashi-Hiroshima , Hiroshima , 739-8528 , Japan
| | - Dimitri Svistunenko
- School of Biological Sciences , University of Essex , Wivenhoe Park , Colchester , Essex CO4 3SQ , UK .
| | - Jordi Paps
- School of Biological Sciences , University of Essex , Wivenhoe Park , Colchester , Essex CO4 3SQ , UK .
| | - Colin R Andrew
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Eastern Oregon University , La Grande , Oregon 97850 , USA .
| | - Michael A Hough
- School of Biological Sciences , University of Essex , Wivenhoe Park , Colchester , Essex CO4 3SQ , UK .
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