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Sorlin A, López-Álvarez M, Rabbitt SJ, Alanizi AA, Shuere R, Bobba KN, Blecha J, Sakhamuri S, Evans MJ, Bayles KW, Flavell RR, Rosenberg OS, Sriram R, Desmet T, Nidetzky B, Engel J, Ohliger MA, Fraser JS, Wilson DM. Chemoenzymatic Syntheses of Fluorine-18-Labeled Disaccharides from [ 18F] FDG Yield Potent Sensors of Living Bacteria In Vivo. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:17632-17642. [PMID: 37535945 PMCID: PMC10436271 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c03338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Chemoenzymatic techniques have been applied extensively to pharmaceutical development, most effectively when routine synthetic methods fail. The regioselective and stereoselective construction of structurally complex glycans is an elegant application of this approach that is seldom applied to positron emission tomography (PET) tracers. We sought a method to dimerize 2-deoxy-[18F]-fluoro-d-glucose ([18F]FDG), the most common tracer used in clinical imaging, to form [18F]-labeled disaccharides for detecting microorganisms in vivo based on their bacteria-specific glycan incorporation. When [18F]FDG was reacted with β-d-glucose-1-phosphate in the presence of maltose phosphorylase, the α-1,4- and α-1,3-linked products 2-deoxy-[18F]-fluoro-maltose ([18F]FDM) and 2-deoxy-2-[18F]-fluoro-sakebiose ([18F]FSK) were obtained. This method was further extended with the use of trehalose (α,α-1,1), laminaribiose (β-1,3), and cellobiose (β-1,4) phosphorylases to synthesize 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-trehalose ([18F]FDT), 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-laminaribiose ([18F]FDL), and 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-cellobiose ([18F]FDC). We subsequently tested [18F]FDM and [18F]FSK in vitro, showing accumulation by several clinically relevant pathogens including Staphylococcus aureus and Acinetobacter baumannii, and demonstrated their specific uptake in vivo. Both [18F]FDM and [18F]FSK were stable in human serum with high accumulation in preclinical infection models. The synthetic ease and high sensitivity of [18F]FDM and [18F]FSK to S. aureus including methicillin-resistant (MRSA) strains strongly justify clinical translation of these tracers to infected patients. Furthermore, this work suggests that chemoenzymatic radiosyntheses of complex [18F]FDG-derived oligomers will afford a wide array of PET radiotracers for infectious and oncologic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre
M. Sorlin
- Department
of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University
of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Marina López-Álvarez
- Department
of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University
of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Sarah J. Rabbitt
- Department
of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University
of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Aryn A. Alanizi
- Department
of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University
of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Rebecca Shuere
- Department
of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University
of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Kondapa Naidu Bobba
- Department
of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University
of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Joseph Blecha
- Department
of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University
of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Sasank Sakhamuri
- Department
of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University
of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Michael J. Evans
- Department
of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University
of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Kenneth W. Bayles
- Department
of Pathology and Microbiology, University
of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Robert R. Flavell
- Department
of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University
of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Oren S. Rosenberg
- Department
of Medicine University of California, San
Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Renuka Sriram
- Department
of Biotechnology, Ghent University, Gent B-9000, Belgium
| | - Tom Desmet
- Department
of Biotechnology, Ghent University, Gent B-9000, Belgium
| | - Bernd Nidetzky
- Institute
of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Joanne Engel
- Department
of Biotechnology, Ghent University, Gent B-9000, Belgium
| | - Michael A. Ohliger
- Department
of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University
of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
- Department
of Radiology Zuckerberg San Francisco General
Hospital, San Francisco, California 94110, United States
| | - James S. Fraser
- Department
of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - David M. Wilson
- Department
of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University
of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
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Sorlin AM, López-Álvarez M, Rabbitt SJ, Alanizi AA, Shuere R, Bobba KN, Blecha J, Sakhamuri S, Evans MJ, Bayles KW, Flavell RR, Rosenberg OS, Sriram R, Desmet T, Nidetzky B, Engel J, Ohliger MA, Fraser JS, Wilson DM. Chemoenzymatic syntheses of fluorine-18-labeled disaccharides from [ 18 F]FDG yield potent sensors of living bacteria in vivo. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.20.541529. [PMID: 37293043 PMCID: PMC10245702 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.20.541529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Chemoenzymatic techniques have been applied extensively to pharmaceutical development, most effectively when routine synthetic methods fail. The regioselective and stereoselective construction of structurally complex glycans is an elegant application of this approach, that is seldom applied to positron emission tomography (PET) tracers. We sought a method to dimerize 2-deoxy-[ 18 F]-fluoro-D-glucose ([ 18 F]FDG), the most common tracer used in clinical imaging, to form [ 18 F]-labeled disaccharides for detecting microorganisms in vivo based on their bacteria-specific glycan incorporation. When [ 18 F]FDG was reacted with β-D-glucose-1-phosphate in the presence of maltose phosphorylase, both the α-1,4 and α-1,3-linked products 2-deoxy-[ 18 F]-fluoro-maltose ([ 18 F]FDM) and 2-deoxy-2-[ 18 F]-fluoro-sakebiose ([ 18 F]FSK) were obtained. This method was further extended with the use of trehalose (α,α-1,1), laminaribiose (β-1,3), and cellobiose (β-1,4) phosphorylases to synthesize 2-deoxy-2-[ 18 F]fluoro-trehalose ([ 18 F]FDT), 2-deoxy-2-[ 18 F]fluoro-laminaribiose ([ 18 F]FDL), and 2-deoxy-2-[ 18 F]fluoro-cellobiose ([ 18 F]FDC). We subsequently tested [ 18 F]FDM and [ 18 F]FSK in vitro, showing accumulation by several clinically relevant pathogens including Staphylococcus aureus and Acinetobacter baumannii, and demonstrated their specific uptake in vivo. The lead sakebiose-derived tracer [ 18 F]FSK was stable in human serum and showed high uptake in preclinical models of myositis and vertebral discitis-osteomyelitis. Both the synthetic ease, and high sensitivity of [ 18 F]FSK to S. aureus including methicillin-resistant (MRSA) strains strongly justify clinical translation of this tracer to infected patients. Furthermore, this work suggests that chemoenzymatic radiosyntheses of complex [ 18 F]FDG-derived oligomers will afford a wide array of PET radiotracers for infectious and oncologic applications.
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Zhao H, Lv F, Liu G, Pang X, Han X, Wang X. Effects of starters with different NDF/starch ratio on rumen fermentation parameters and rumen microorganisms in lambs. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1064774. [PMID: 36777666 PMCID: PMC9911143 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1064774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Starch and NDF are the main components in the diets of ruminants worldwide and are the main energy source for rumen microorganisms and hosts. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of different NDF/starch ratios on rumen fermentation parameters, rumen development and rumen microbes in lambs and to predict the function of rumen microbes by metagenomic techniques. In this study, 30 lambs with birth weights of (3.0 ± 0.5) kg were selected. The lambs of Hu sheep were randomly divided into two groups, fed starter with an NDF/starch ratio of 0.5 (group A) or 1.0 (group C). Samples of the rumen tissue and contents were collected after slaughter. The results showed that the ADG and ADFI of group A were significantly higher than those of group C (P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference in the FCR (P > 0.05). Therefore, from the perspective of feed-related economic benefits, group C showed greater economic value; the A/P of group C was significantly lower than that of group A (0.05 < P < 0.1), and the TVFA showed no significant difference (P > 0.05); The lengths of the rumen papillae of group C was significantly higher than that of group A (0.05 < P < 0.1). There was no significant difference in the abundance of the top 10 species at the phylum level and genus level (P > 0.05). CAZymes gene enrichment was observed in the rumen microbial community of lambs in group C (P < 0.05). In conclusion, group C, fed with starter with a higher NDF/starch ratio, had a higher feeding value. This study provides comprehensive insights into the composition of NDF and starch in lamb starter.
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Xi M, Na X, Ma X, Lan H, Sun T, Liu WH, Hung W, Zhao A. Maternal diet associated with infants' intestinal microbiota mediated by predominant long-chain fatty acid in breast milk. Front Microbiol 2023; 13:1004175. [PMID: 36687649 PMCID: PMC9852834 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1004175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Long-chain fatty acids in breast milk are affected by the mother's diet and play an important role in the growth, development, and immune construction of infants. This study aims to explore the correlation between maternal diet, breast milk fatty acids (FAs), and the infant intestinal flora. Methods We enrolled 56 paired mothers and their infants; both breast milk samples and infants' fecal samples were collected to determine the long-chain FA content of breast milk by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS), and metagenomic technology was applied to determine the microbial composition of infant feces. The maternal diet was also investigated using a 24-h dietary recall. Results The results indicated that the fat contribution rates of edible oils in the maternal diet are significantly positively correlated with the contents of certain long-chain fatty acids (C16:0, C18:1, C16:1, and C22:4) in breast milk, which mainly regulate the abundance of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus, Lacticaseibacillus fermentum, and Lacticaseibacillus paracasei in the infant gut. Through KEGG pathway analysis, our data revealed that the long-chain FAs in different groups of breast milk were significantly correlated with the pathways of biotin metabolism, glycerolipid metabolism, and starch and sucrose metabolism. Discussion The results of this study suggest a pathway in which the diets of lactating mothers may affect the composition of the infant intestinal microbiota by influencing breast milk FAs and then further regulating infant health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menglu Xi
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaona Na
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xia Ma
- Inner Mongolia Dairy Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Hohhot, China,Yili Innovation Center, Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Co., Ltd., Hohhot, China
| | - Hanglian Lan
- Inner Mongolia Dairy Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Hohhot, China,Yili Innovation Center, Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Co., Ltd., Hohhot, China
| | - Ting Sun
- Inner Mongolia Dairy Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Hohhot, China,Yili Innovation Center, Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Co., Ltd., Hohhot, China
| | - Wei-Hsien Liu
- Inner Mongolia Dairy Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Hohhot, China,Yili Innovation Center, Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Co., Ltd., Hohhot, China
| | - Weilian Hung
- Inner Mongolia Dairy Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Hohhot, China,Yili Innovation Center, Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Co., Ltd., Hohhot, China,*Correspondence: Weilian Hung,
| | - Ai Zhao
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China,Ai Zhao,
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Comparative genomics-based probiotic relevance of Limosilactobacillus fermentum KUB-D18. Gene 2022; 840:146747. [PMID: 35863716 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Limosilactobacillus fermentum KUB-D18 is a heterofermentative lactic acid bacterium that its potential probiotic relevance originally isolated from the chicken intestine. This study sequenced a whole-genome of L. fermentum KUB-D18 and annotated its genes and functions in relation to probiotic properties. As a result, the genome sequence of L. fermentum KUB-D18 approximately contained 2.02 Mbps with GC content of51.7%. After annotating the genome by integrated protein and pathway databases, 2,158 protein-encoding genes were majorly annotated for metabolisms of amino acids, carbohydrates and cofactors as well as vitamins which showed a versatile metabolic capability to gastrointestinal microhabitats. According to the comparative genome analysis of L. fermentum KUB-D18 and the other related strains, L. fermentum KUB-D18 showed common characteristics e.g., folate biosynthesis and bile salt hydrolase enzymes-related cholesterol lowering effect as well as a unique gene cluster involved in metabolism of L-ascorbic acid of L. fermentum KUB-D18. Taken together, L. fermentum KUB-D18 genome provides the genetic basis towards cellular capability for further elucidating the functional mechanisms of its probiotic properties. This study serves for designing desirable targets for the development of probiotic foods and feeds.
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Discovery and Biotechnological Exploitation of Glycoside-Phosphorylases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063043. [PMID: 35328479 PMCID: PMC8950772 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Among carbohydrate active enzymes, glycoside phosphorylases (GPs) are valuable catalysts for white biotechnologies, due to their exquisite capacity to efficiently re-modulate oligo- and poly-saccharides, without the need for costly activated sugars as substrates. The reversibility of the phosphorolysis reaction, indeed, makes them attractive tools for glycodiversification. However, discovery of new GP functions is hindered by the difficulty in identifying them in sequence databases, and, rather, relies on extensive and tedious biochemical characterization studies. Nevertheless, recent advances in automated tools have led to major improvements in GP mining, activity predictions, and functional screening. Implementation of GPs into innovative in vitro and in cellulo bioproduction strategies has also made substantial advances. Herein, we propose to discuss the latest developments in the strategies employed to efficiently discover GPs and make the best use of their exceptional catalytic properties for glycoside bioproduction.
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