1
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Toyama Y, Nirasawa T, Morishima M, Saito Y, Irie K, Murayama S, Ikegawa M. Integrated Spatial Multi-Omics Study of Postmortem Brains of Alzheimer's Disease. Acta Histochem Cytochem 2024; 57:119-130. [PMID: 38988692 PMCID: PMC11231568 DOI: 10.1267/ahc.24-00025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the accumulation and aggregation of amyloid β (Aβ) peptides into extracellular plaques of the brain. Clarification of the process of how soluble Aβ starts to assemble into amyloid fibrils is an essential step in elucidating the pathogenesis of AD. In our previous study, Aβ proteoforms including full-length Aβ40 and Aβ42/43 with N- and C-terminal truncated forms were visualized in postmortem brains from AD patients with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-based mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI). In this study, Aβ proteoforms were consistently visualized by an updated protocol, and uncharacterized peptides such as Aβ1-29 and Aβ10-40 in AD brains were also visualized. To decipher neurotoxic effects of Aβ in patients' brains, here we integrate liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) based shotgun proteomics with laser microdissection (LMD) excised tissue samples as well as direct tissue imaging with MALDI-MSI. With this approach, we have highlighted dynamic alterations of microtubule associating proteins (MAPs) including MAP1A, MAP1B and MAP2 as well as AD dominant proteins including APP, UCHL1, SNCA, and APOE. Of note, as lipid dysregulation has been implicated with AD pathology, we have challenged to integrate proteomics and lipid imaging for AD and control brain tissue. Spatial multi-omics is also valid to uncover molecular pathology of white matter as well as grey matter and leptomeningeal area, for example, by visualizing heme in patients' postmortem brains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumiko Toyama
- Department of Life and Medical Systems, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Japan
| | | | - Maho Morishima
- The Brain Bank for Aging Research, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Saito
- The Brain Bank for Aging Research, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Irie
- Department of Life and Medical Systems, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Japan
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shigeo Murayama
- The Brain Bank for Aging Research, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaya Ikegawa
- Department of Life and Medical Systems, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Japan
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2
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Tsukano C, Uchino A, Irie K. Synthesis and applications of symmetric amino acid derivatives. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:411-428. [PMID: 37877370 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01379k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Symmetric α-amino acid derivatives can be used for the synthesis of intermolecularly linked peptides such as dimer-type peptides, and modified peptides in which two amino acids are intramolecularly linked. They are also synthetic intermediates for the total synthesis of natural products and functional molecules. These symmetric amino acid derivatives must be prepared based on organic synthesis. It is necessary to develop an optimal synthetic strategy for constructing the target symmetric amino acid derivative. In this review, we will introduce strategies for synthesizing symmetric amino acid derivatives. Additionally, selected applications of these amino acids in the life sciences will be described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chihiro Tsukano
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
| | - Ayumi Uchino
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
| | - Kazuhiro Irie
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
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3
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Tooyama I, Kato T, Taguchi H, Kageyama Y, Irie K, Hirahara Y, Yanagisawa D. Visualization of Amyloid Oligomers in the Brain of Patients with Alzheimer's Disease. Acta Histochem Cytochem 2023; 56:87-94. [PMID: 38318103 PMCID: PMC10838628 DOI: 10.1267/ahc.23-00058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
In the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), highly neurotoxic amyloid-β (Aβ) oligomers appear early, they are thus considered to be deeply involved in the onset of Alzheimer's disease. However, Aβ oligomer visualization is challenging in human tissues due to their multiple forms (e.g., low- and high-molecular-weight oligomers, including protofibrils) as well as their tendency to rapidly change forms and aggregate. In this review, we present two visualization approaches for Aβ oligomers in tissues: an immunohistochemical (using the monoclonal antibody TxCo1 against toxic Aβ oligomer conformers) and imaging mass spectrometry using the small chemical Shiga-Y51 that specifically binds Aβ oligomers. TxCo1 immunohistochemistry revealed Aβ oligomer distributions in postmortem human brains with AD. Using Shiga-Y51, imaging mass spectrometry revealed Aβ oligomer distributions in the brain of a transgenic mouse model for AD. These two methods would potentially contribute to elucidating the pathological mechanisms underlying AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikuo Tooyama
- Medical Innovation Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Tomoko Kato
- Medical Innovation Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Taguchi
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kageyama
- Medical Innovation Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
- Education Center for Medicine and Nursing, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Irie
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yukie Hirahara
- Faculty of Nursing, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Daijiro Yanagisawa
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
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4
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Biyani R, Hirata K, Oqmhula K, Yurtsever A, Hongo K, Maezono R, Takagi M, Fukuma T, Biyani M. Biophysical Properties of the Fibril Structure of the Toxic Conformer of Amyloid-β42: Characterization by Atomic Force Microscopy in Liquid and Molecular Docking. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 37261999 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c06460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is associated with the aggregation of the misfolded neuronal peptide, amyloid-β42 (Aβ42). Evidence has suggested that several reasons are responsible for the toxicity caused by the aggregation of Aβ42, including the conformational restriction of Aβ42. In this study, one of the toxic conformers of Aβ42, which contains a Glu-to-Pro substitution (E22P-Aβ42), was explored using atomic force microscopy and molecular docking to study the aggregation dynamics. We proposed a systematic model of fibril formation to better understand the molecular basis of conformational transitions in the Aβ42 species. Our results demonstrated the formation of amorphous aggregates in E22P-Aβ42 that are stem-based, network-like structures, while the formation of mature fibrils occurred in the less toxic conformer of Aβ42, E22-Aβ42, that are sphere-like flexible structures. A comparison was made between the biophysical properties of E22P-Aβ42 and E22-Aβ42 that revealed that E22P-Aβ42 had greater stiffness, dihedral angle, number of β sheets involved, and elasticity, compared with E22-Aβ42. These findings will have considerable implications toward our understanding of the structural basis of the toxicity caused by conformational diversity in Aβ42 species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radhika Biyani
- Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biomedical Engineering, School of Material Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Asahidai 1-1, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan
| | - Kaito Hirata
- Institute for Frontier Science and Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Kenji Oqmhula
- School of Information Science, JAIST, Asahidai 1-1, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan
| | - Ayhan Yurtsever
- Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Kenta Hongo
- Research Center for Advanced Computing Infrastructure, JAIST, Asahidai 1-1, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan
| | - Ryo Maezono
- School of Information Science, JAIST, Asahidai 1-1, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan
| | - Masahiro Takagi
- Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biomedical Engineering, School of Material Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Asahidai 1-1, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan
| | - Takeshi Fukuma
- Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Manish Biyani
- Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biomedical Engineering, School of Material Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Asahidai 1-1, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan
- BioSeeds Corporation, JAIST Venture Business Laboratory, Asahidai 2-13, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1211, Japan
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5
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Yi Y, Lim MH. Current understanding of metal-dependent amyloid-β aggregation and toxicity. RSC Chem Biol 2023; 4:121-131. [PMID: 36794021 PMCID: PMC9906324 DOI: 10.1039/d2cb00208f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of effective therapeutics targeting amyloid-β (Aβ) aggregates for Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been very challenging, which suggests its complicated etiology associated with multiple pathogenic elements. In AD-affected brains, highly concentrated metals, such as copper and zinc, are found in senile plaques mainly composed of Aβ aggregates. These metal ions are coordinated to Aβ and affect its aggregation and toxicity profiles. In this review, we illustrate the current view on molecular insights into the assembly of Aβ peptides in the absence and presence of metal ions as well as the effect of metal ions on their toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yelim Yi
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Hee Lim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
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6
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Maki T, Sawahata M, Akutsu I, Amaike S, Hiramatsu G, Uta D, Izuo N, Shimizu T, Irie K, Kume T. APP Knock-In Mice Produce E22P-Aβ Exhibiting an Alzheimer's Disease-like Phenotype with Dysregulation of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor Expression. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13259. [PMID: 36362046 PMCID: PMC9654501 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that requires further pathological elucidation to establish effective treatment strategies. We previously showed that amyloid β (Aβ) toxic conformer with a turn at positions 22-23 is essential for forming highly toxic oligomers. In the present study, we evaluated phenotypic changes with aging in AD model AppNL-P-F/NL-P-F (NL-P-F) mice with Swedish mutation (NL), Iberian mutation (F), and mutation (P) overproducing E22P-Aβ, a mimic of toxic conformer utilizing the knock-in technique. Furthermore, the role of the toxic conformer in AD pathology was investigated. NL-P-F mice produced soluble toxic conformers from an early age. They showed impaired synaptic plasticity, glial cell activation, and cognitive decline, followed by the accumulation of Aβ plaques and tau hyperphosphorylation. In addition, the protein expression of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α was increased, and gene expression of HIF-3α was decreased in NL-P-F mice. HIF dysregulation due to the production of soluble toxic conformers may be involved in AD pathology in NL-P-F mice. This study could reveal the role of a highly toxic Aβ on AD pathogenesis, thereby contributing to the development of a novel therapeutic strategy targeting the toxic conformer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahito Maki
- Department of Applied Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Masahito Sawahata
- Department of Applied Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Ichiro Akutsu
- Department of Applied Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Shohei Amaike
- Department of Applied Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Genki Hiramatsu
- Department of Applied Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Daisuke Uta
- Department of Applied Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Naotaka Izuo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Therapy and Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Takahiko Shimizu
- Aging Stress Response Research Project Team, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu 474-8511, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Irie
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University Kitashirakawa-Oiwake-Cho, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Kume
- Department of Applied Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
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7
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Chikugo A, Irie Y, Tsukano C, Uchino A, Maki T, Kume T, Kawase T, Hirose K, Kageyama Y, Tooyama I, Irie K. Optimization of the Linker Length in the Dimer Model of E22P-Aβ40 Tethered at Position 38. ACS Chem Neurosci 2022; 13:2913-2923. [PMID: 36095282 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Since amyloid β (Aβ) oligomers are more cytotoxic than fibrils, various dimer models have been synthesized. We focused on the C-terminal region that could form a hydrophobic core in the aggregation process and identified a toxic conformer-restricted dimer model (E22P,G38DAP-Aβ40 dimer) with an l,l-2,6-diaminopimelic acid linker (n = 3) at position 38, which exhibited moderate cytotoxicity. We synthesized four additional linkers (n = 2, 4, 5, 7) to determine the most appropriate distance between the two Aβ40 monomers for a toxic dimer model. Each di-Fmoc-protected two-valent amino acid was synthesized from a corresponding dialdehyde or cycloalkene followed by ozonolysis, using a Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons reaction and asymmetric hydrogenation. Then, the corresponding Aβ40 dimer models with these linkers at position 38 were synthesized using the solid-phase Fmoc strategy. Their cytotoxicity toward SH-SY5Y cells suggested that the shorter the linker length, the stronger the cytotoxicity. Particularly, the E22P,G38DAA-Aβ40 dimer (n = 2) formed protofibrillar aggregates and exhibited the highest cytotoxicity, equivalent to E22P-Aβ42, the most cytotoxic analogue of Aβ42. Ion mobility-mass spectrometry (IM-MS) measurement indicated that all dimer models except the E22P,G38DAA-Aβ40 dimer existed as stable oligomers (12-24-mer). NativePAGE analysis supported the IM-MS data, but larger oligomers (30-150-mer) were also detected after a 24 h incubation. Moreover, E22P,G38DAA-Aβ40, E22P,G38DAP-Aβ40, and E22P,G38DAZ-Aβ40 (n = 5) dimers suppressed long-term potentiation (LTP). Overall, the ability to form fibrils with cross β-sheet structures was key to achieving cytotoxicity, and forming stable oligomers less than 150-mer did not correlate with cytotoxicity and LTP suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayaka Chikugo
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto606-8502, Japan
| | - Yumi Irie
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto606-8502, Japan
| | - Chihiro Tsukano
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto606-8502, Japan
| | - Ayumi Uchino
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto606-8502, Japan
| | - Takahito Maki
- Department of Applied Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama930-0194, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Kume
- Department of Applied Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama930-0194, Japan
| | | | | | - Yusuke Kageyama
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Sciences, Shiga520-2192, Japan
| | - Ikuo Tooyama
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Sciences, Shiga520-2192, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Irie
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto606-8502, Japan
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8
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Uchino A, Irie Y, Tsukano C, Kawase T, Hirose K, Kageyama Y, Tooyama I, Yanagita RC, Irie K. Synthesis and Characterization of Propeller- and Parallel-Type Full-Length Amyloid β40 Trimer Models. ACS Chem Neurosci 2022; 13:2517-2528. [PMID: 35930616 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Oligomers of the amyloid β (Aβ) protein play a critical role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. However, their heterogeneity and lability deter the identification of their tertiary structures and mechanisms of action. Aβ trimers and Aβ dimers may represent the smallest aggregation unit with cytotoxicity. Although propeller-type trimer models of E22P-Aβ40 tethered by an aromatic linker have recently been synthesized, they unexpectedly exhibited little cytotoxicity. To increase the flexibility of trimeric propeller-type models, we designed and synthesized trimer models with an alkyl linker, tert-butyltris-l-alanine (tButA), at position 36 or 38. In addition, we synthesized two parallel-type trimer models tethered at position 38 using alkyl linkers of different lengths, α,α-di-l-norvalyl-l-glycine (di-nV-Gly) and α,α-di-l-homonorleucyl-l-glycine (di-hnL-Gly), based on the previously reported toxic dimer model. The propeller-type E22P,V36tButA-Aβ40 trimer (4), which was designed to mimic the C-terminal anti-parallel β-sheet structures proposed by the structural analysis of 150 kDa oligomers of Aβ42, and the parallel-type E22P,G38di-nV-Gly-Aβ40 trimer (6) showed significant cytotoxicity against SH-SY5Y cells and aggregative ability to form protofibrillar species. In contrast, the E22P,G38tButA-Aβ40 trimer (5) and E22P,G38di-hnL-Gly-Aβ40 trimer (7) exhibited weak cytotoxicity, though they formed quasi-stable oligomers observed by ion mobility-mass spectrometry and native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. These results suggest that 4 and 6 could have some phase of the structure of toxic Aβ oligomers with a C-terminal hydrophobic core and that the conformation and/or aggregation process rather than the formation of stable oligomers contribute to the induction of cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayumi Uchino
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yumi Irie
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Chihiro Tsukano
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | | | | | - Yusuke Kageyama
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Sciences, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Ikuo Tooyama
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Sciences, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Ryo C Yanagita
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Irie
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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9
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Irie Y, Matsushima Y, Kita A, Miki K, Segawa T, Maeda M, Yanagita RC, Irie K. Structural basis of the 24B3 antibody against the toxic conformer of amyloid β with a turn at positions 22 and 23. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 621:162-167. [PMID: 35839743 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid β-protein (Aβ) oligomers are involved in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and antibodies against these toxic oligomers could be useful for accurate diagnosis of AD. We identified the toxic conformer of Aβ42 with a turn at positions 22/23, which has a propensity to form toxic oligomers. The antibody 24B3, developed by immunization of a toxic conformer surrogate E22P-Aβ9-35 in mice, was found to be useful for AD diagnosis using human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). However, it is not known how 24B3 recognizes the toxic conformation of wild-type Aβ in CSF. Here, we report the crystal structure of 24B3 Fab complexed with E22P-Aβ11-34, whose residues 16-26 were observed in electron densities, suggesting that the residues comprising the toxic turn at positions 22/23 were recognized by 24B3. Since 24B3 bound only to Aβ42 aggregates, several conformationally restricted analogs of Aβ42 with an intramolecular disulfide bond to mimic the conformation of toxic Aβ42 aggregates were screened by enzyme immunoassay. As a result, only F19C,A30homoC-SS-Aβ42 (1) bound significantly to 24B3. These data provide a structural basis for its low affinity to the Aβ42 monomer and selectivity for its aggregate form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumi Irie
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yuka Matsushima
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Akiko Kita
- Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science, Kyoto University, Sennan, Osaka, 590-0494, Japan
| | - Kunio Miki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Segawa
- Immuno-Biological Laboratories Co, Ltd, Gunma, 375-0005, Japan
| | - Masahiro Maeda
- Immuno-Biological Laboratories Co, Ltd, Gunma, 375-0005, Japan
| | - Ryo C Yanagita
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Kagawa, 761-0795, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Irie
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan.
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10
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Chen Y, Lu S, Ye Z, Cai X, Wu S, Li P, Du B. New compound probiotic beverage protects against antibiotic-associated diarrhea in mice by modulating the microbiota. Future Microbiol 2022; 17:943-956. [PMID: 35694881 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2021-0240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics and their products are the classic way to treat and prevent gastrointestinal diseases. In this study, the authors designed new combinations and doses of probiotic beverages for antibiotic-associated diarrhea. Group S1 was different from the other groups, including Lactobacillus rhamnosus HN001, Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM and Bifidobacterium lactis BI-07. Its inulin content was higher than those of the other groups. Mice were induced with a 16-day administration of triple antibiotics in advance for 2 weeks prior to antibiotic treatment. In the experiment, the treatment group returned to normal more quickly than the placebo group. In group S1, the relative abundance of the phylum Firmicutes and genus Lactobacillus increased, and the structure of the microbiota was the closest to normal among all groups. In conclusion, the combinations of probiotic beverages effectively caused structural recovery of the gut and fecal microbiota against antibiotic-associated diarrhea, and the S1 formula showed the best efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Chen
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510640, China
| | - Siming Lu
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510640, China
| | - Zhiwei Ye
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510640, China
| | - Xin Cai
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510640, China
| | - Shanshan Wu
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510640, China
| | - Pan Li
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510640, China
| | - Bing Du
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510640, China
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11
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Matsushima Y, Irie Y, Kageyama Y, Bellier JP, Tooyama I, Maki T, Kume T, Yanagita RC, Irie K. Structure optimization of the toxic conformation model of amyloid β42 by intramolecular disulfide bond formation. Chembiochem 2022; 23:e202200029. [PMID: 35165998 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202200029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid β (Aβ) oligomers play a critical role in the pathology of Alzheimer's disease. Recently, we reported that a conformation-restricted Aβ42 with an intramolecular disulfide bond through cysteine residues at positions 17/28 formed stable oligomers with potent cytotoxicity. To further optimize this compound as a toxic conformer model, we synthesized three analogs with a combination of cysteine and homocysteine at positions 17/28. The analogs with Cys-Cys, Cys-homoCys, or homoCys-Cys, but not the homoCys-homoCys analog, exhibited potent cytotoxicity against SH-SY5Y and THP-1 cells even at 10 nM. In contrast, the cytotoxicity of conformation-restricted analogs at positions 16/29 or 18/27 was significantly weaker than that of wild-type Aβ42. Furthermore, a thioflavin-T assay, non-denaturing gel electrophoresis, and morphological study suggested that the majority of these conformation-restricted analogs existed in an oligomeric state in cell culture medium, indicating that the toxic conformation of Aβ42, rather than the oligomeric state, is essential to induce cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Matsushima
- Kyoto University Graduate School of Agriculture Faculty of Agriculture: Kyoto Daigaku Nogaku Kenkyuka Nogakubu, Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, JAPAN
| | - Yumi Irie
- Kyoto University Graduate School of Agriculture Faculty of Agriculture: Kyoto Daigaku Nogaku Kenkyuka Nogakubu, Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, JAPAN
| | - Yusuke Kageyama
- Shiga University of Medical Science: Shiga Ika Daigaku, Molecular Neuroscience Research Center, JAPAN
| | - Jean-Pierre Bellier
- Shiga University of Medical Science: Shiga Ika Daigaku, Molecular Neuroscience Research Center, JAPAN
| | - Ikuo Tooyama
- Shiga University of Medical Science: Shiga Ika Daigaku, Molecular Neuroscience Research Center, JAPAN
| | - Takahito Maki
- University of Toyama: Toyama Daigaku, Department of Applied Pharmacology, JAPAN
| | - Toshiaki Kume
- University of Toyama: Toyama Daigaku, Department of Applied Pharmacology, JAPAN
| | - Ryo C Yanagita
- Kagawa University Faculty of Agriculture Graduate School of Agriculture: Kagawa Daigaku Nogakubu Daigakuin Nogaku Kenkyuka, Department of Applied Biological Sciences, JAPAN
| | - Kazuhiro Irie
- Kyoto University Graduate School of Agriculture Faculty of Agriculture: Kyoto Daigaku Nogaku Kenkyuka Nogakubu, Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, 606-8502, Kyoto, JAPAN
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12
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Fertan E, Brown RE. Age-Related Deficits in Working Memory in 5xFAD Mice in the Hebb-Williams Maze. Behav Brain Res 2022; 424:113806. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.113806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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13
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Murakami K, Izuo N, Bitan G. Aptamers targeting amyloidogenic proteins and their emerging role in neurodegenerative diseases. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101478. [PMID: 34896392 PMCID: PMC8728582 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aptamers are oligonucleotides selected from large pools of random sequences based on their affinity for bioactive molecules and are used in similar ways to antibodies. Aptamers provide several advantages over antibodies, including their small size, facile, large-scale chemical synthesis, high stability, and low immunogenicity. Amyloidogenic proteins, whose aggregation is relevant to neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and prion diseases, are among the most challenging targets for aptamer development due to their conformational instability and heterogeneity, the same characteristics that make drug development against amyloidogenic proteins difficult. Recently, chemical tethering of aptagens (equivalent to antigens) and advances in high-throughput sequencing-based analysis have been used to overcome some of these challenges. In addition, internalization technologies using fusion to cellular receptors and extracellular vesicles have facilitated central nervous system (CNS) aptamer delivery. In view of the development of these techniques and resources, here we review antiamyloid aptamers, highlighting preclinical application to CNS therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuma Murakami
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Naotaka Izuo
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Therapy and Neuropharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Gal Bitan
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, Brain Research Institute, and Molecular Biology Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.
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14
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Kageyama Y, Irie Y, Matsushima Y, Segawa T, Bellier JP, Hidaka K, Sugiyama H, Kaneda D, Hashizume Y, Akatsu H, Miki K, Kita A, Walker DG, Irie K, Tooyama I. Characterization of a Conformation-Restricted Amyloid β Peptide and Immunoreactivity of Its Antibody in Human AD brain. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:3418-3432. [PMID: 34464082 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Characterization of amyloid β (Aβ) oligomers, the transition species present prior to the formation of Aβ fibrils and that have cytotoxicity, has become one of the major topics in the investigations of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis. However, studying pathophysiological properties of Aβ oligomers is challenging due to the instability of these protein complexes in vitro. Here, we report that conformation-restricted Aβ42 with an intramolecular disulfide bond at positions 17 and 28 (SS-Aβ42) formed stable Aβ oligomers in vitro. Thioflavin T binding assays, nondenaturing gel electrophoresis, and morphological analyses revealed that SS-Aβ42 maintained oligomeric structure, whereas wild-type Aβ42 and the highly aggregative Aβ42 mutant with E22P substitution (E22P-Aβ42) formed Aβ fibrils. In agreement with these observations, SS-Aβ42 was more cytotoxic compared to the wild-type and E22P-Aβ42 in cell cultures. Furthermore, we developed a monoclonal antibody, designated TxCo-1, using the toxic conformation of SS-Aβ42 as immunogen. X-ray crystallography of the TxCo-1/SS-Aβ42 complex, enzyme immunoassay, and immunohistochemical studies confirmed the recognition site and specificity of TxCo-1 to SS-Aβ42. Immunohistochemistry with TxCo-1 antibody identified structures resembling senile plaques and vascular Aβ in brain samples of AD subjects. However, TxCo-1 immunoreactivity did not colocalize extensively with Aβ plaques identified with conventional Aβ antibodies. Together, these findings indicate that Aβ with a turn at positions 22 and 23, which is prone to form Aβ oligomers, could show strong cytotoxicity and accumulated in brains of AD subjects. The SS-Aβ42 and TxCo-1 antibody should facilitate understanding of the pathological role of Aβ with toxic conformation in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Kageyama
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Yumi Irie
- Division of Food Science & Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yuka Matsushima
- Division of Food Science & Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Segawa
- Immuno-Biological Laboratories Co., Ltd., Fujioka-Shi, Gunma 375-0005, Japan
| | - Jean-Pierre Bellier
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Kumi Hidaka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sugiyama
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Daita Kaneda
- Choju Medical Institute, Fukushimura Hospital, 19-14 Noyoricho, Yamanaka, Aichi 441-8124, Japan
| | - Yoshio Hashizume
- Choju Medical Institute, Fukushimura Hospital, 19-14 Noyoricho, Yamanaka, Aichi 441-8124, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Akatsu
- Choju Medical Institute, Fukushimura Hospital, 19-14 Noyoricho, Yamanaka, Aichi 441-8124, Japan
- Department of Community-Based Medical Education, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8601, Japan
| | - Kunio Miki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Akiko Kita
- Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science, Kyoto University, Kumatori, Sennan, Osaka 590-0494, Japan
| | - Douglas G. Walker
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Irie
- Division of Food Science & Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Ikuo Tooyama
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
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15
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Araki Y, Hanaki Y, Kita M, Hayakawa K, Irie K, Nokura Y, Nakazaki A, Nishikawa T. Total synthesis and biological evaluation of oscillatoxins D, E, and F. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2021; 85:1371-1382. [PMID: 33851985 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbab042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Oscillatoxins (OTXs) and aplysiatoxins are biosynthetically related polyketides produced by marine cyanobacteria. We previously developed a synthetic route to phenolic O-methyl analogs of OTX-D and 30-methyl-OTX-D during collective synthesis of these natural products. According to our synthetic strategy, we achieved total synthesis of OTX-D, 30-methyl-OTX-D, OTX-E, and OTX-F by deprotecting the O-methyl group in an earlier intermediate, and determined their biological activities. Although OTX-D and 30-methyl-OTX-D have been reported to show antileukemic activity against L1210 cell line, we found that their cytotoxicity in vitro against this cell line is relatively weak (IC50: 29-52 µm). In contrast, OTX-F demonstrated cell line-selective antiproliferative activity against DMS-114 lung cancer cells, which implies that OTXs target as yet unknown target molecules as part of this unique activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Araki
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yusuke Hanaki
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masaki Kita
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | | | - Kazuhiro Irie
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Nokura
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Atsuo Nakazaki
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Toshio Nishikawa
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
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16
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Uchino A, Tsukano C, Imamoto T, Irie K. Synthesis of Alkyl Bridged‐Tris‐α‐Amino Acids as C
3
‐Symmetric and Linear Linkers. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202001592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ayumi Uchino
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology Graduate School of Agriculture Kyoto University Kitashirakawa, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Chihiro Tsukano
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology Graduate School of Agriculture Kyoto University Kitashirakawa, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Tsuneo Imamoto
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Chiba University Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522 Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Irie
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology Graduate School of Agriculture Kyoto University Kitashirakawa, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
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17
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Futamura A, Hieda S, Mori Y, Kasuga K, Sugimoto A, Kasai H, Kuroda T, Yano S, Tsuji M, Ikeuchi T, Irie K, Ono K. Toxic Amyloid-β42 Conformer May Accelerate the Onset of Alzheimer's Disease in the Preclinical Stage. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 80:639-646. [PMID: 33579852 DOI: 10.3233/jad-201407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Toxic amyloid-β protein (Aβ) conformers play an important role in the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The ratio of toxic conformer to total Aβ42 in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was significantly high in AD and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) due to AD using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit with a 24B3 antibody. OBJECTIVE We compared the toxic Aβ42, conformer at different stages of AD to identify its contribution to AD pathogenesis. METHODS We compared 5 patients with preclinical AD, 11 patients with MCI due to AD, 21 patients with AD, and 5 healthy controls to measure CSF levels of total Aβ42, total tau, tau phosphorylated at threonine 181 (p-tau), and toxic Aβ conformers. All were classified using the Clinical Dementia Rating. Cognitive function was assessed using the Japanese version of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE-J). RESULTS Toxic Aβ conformer level was insignificant between groups, but its ratio to Aβ42 was significantly higher in AD than in preclinical AD (p < 0.05). Toxic Aβ42 conformer correlated positively with p-tau (r = 0.67, p < 0.01) and p-tau correlated negatively with MMSE-J (r = -0.38, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Toxic Aβ conformer triggers tau accumulation leading to neuronal impairment in AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akinori Futamura
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sotaro Hieda
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukiko Mori
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kensaku Kasuga
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Chuo-ku, Niigata, Japan
| | - Azusa Sugimoto
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideyo Kasai
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kuroda
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yano
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mayumi Tsuji
- Pharmacological Research Center, Showa University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ikeuchi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Chuo-ku, Niigata, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Irie
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Ono
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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18
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Masuda Y. Bioactive 3D structures of naturally occurring peptides and their application in drug design. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2021; 85:24-32. [PMID: 33577656 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbaa008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Naturally occurring peptides form unique 3D structures, which are critical for their bioactivities. To gain useful insights into drug design, the relationship between the 3D structure and bioactivity of the peptides has been studied. Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis of the 42-residue amyloid β-protein (Aβ42) suggested the presence of toxic conformers with a turn structure at positions 22 and 23 in the aggregates. Antibodies specific to this turn structure could be utilized for immunotherapy and early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. Solution NMR analysis of apratoxin A, a cyclic depsipeptide with potent cytotoxicity, proposed an accurate structural model with an important bend structure, which led to the development of highly active mimetics. X-ray crystal analysis of PF1171F, a cyclic hexapeptide with insecticidal activity, indicated the formation of 4 intramolecular hydrogen bonds, which play an important role in cell membrane permeability of PF1171F.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Masuda
- Graduate School of Bioresources, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
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19
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Hanaki Y, Araki Y, Nishikawa T, C. Yanagita R. Oscillatoxin E and Its C7 Epimer Show Distinct Growth Inhibition Profiles against Several Cancer Cell Lines. HETEROCYCLES 2021. [DOI: 10.3987/com-21-14538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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20
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Li ZH, He XP, Li H, He RQ, Hu XT. Age-associated changes in amyloid-β and formaldehyde concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid of rhesus monkeys. Zool Res 2020; 41:444-448. [PMID: 32543791 PMCID: PMC7340526 DOI: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2020.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Hui Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China.,Kunming College of Life Science, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650204, China
| | - Xia-Ping He
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan 671000, China
| | - Hao Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
| | - Rong-Qiao He
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xin-Tian Hu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.,Kunming Primate Research Center and National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China. E-mail:
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21
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Matsushima Y, Yanagita RC, Irie K. Control of the toxic conformation of amyloid β42 by intramolecular disulfide bond formation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:4118-4121. [PMID: 32163091 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc01053g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report a method to fix the conformation of Aβ42 to the toxic or non-toxic form by intramolecular disulfide bonds. We found that an Aβ42 analog crosslinked within the molecule at the 17th and 28th amino acid residues exhibited high aggregative ability and potent neurotoxicity comparable to those of E22P-Aβ42. This analog would be useful in the research of Aβ42 oligomers and to develop reliable antibodies for early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Matsushima
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
| | - Ryo C Yanagita
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Irie
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
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22
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Sharma S, Banjare MK, Singh N, Korábečný J, Kuča K, Ghosh KK. Multi-spectroscopic monitoring of molecular interactions between an amino acid-functionalized ionic liquid and potential anti-Alzheimer's drugs. RSC Adv 2020; 10:38873-38883. [PMID: 35518436 PMCID: PMC9057349 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra06323a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibiting the formation of amyloid fibrils is a crucial step in the prevention of the human neurological disorder, Alzheimer's disease (AD). Ionic liquid (IL) mediated interactions are an expedient approach that exhibits inhibition effects on amyloid fibrils. In view of the beneficial role of ILs, in this work we have explored complexation of anti-Alzheimer's drugs (i.e., tacrine and PC-37) and an amino acid-functionalized IL [AIL (4-PyC8)]. Maintaining standard physiological conditions, the binding mechanism, thermo-dynamical properties and binding parameters were studied by employing UV-vis, fluorescence, FTIR, 1H NMR, COSY and NOESY spectroscopy. The present investigation uncovers the fact that the interaction of anti-Alzheimer's drugs with 4-PyC8 is mediated through H-bonding and van der Waals forces. The Benesi–Hildebrand relation was used to evaluate the binding affinity and PC-37 showed the highest binding when complexed with 4-PyC8. FTIR spectra showed absorption bands at 3527.98 cm−1 and 3527.09 cm−1 for the PC-37 + 4-PyC8 system which is quite promising compared to tacrine. 1H-NMR experiments recorded deshielding for tacrine at relatively higher concentrations than PC-37. COSY investigations suggest that anti-Alzheimer's drugs after complexation with 4-PyC8 show a 1 : 1 ratio. The cross-peaks of the NOESY spectra involve correlations between anti-Alzheimer's drugs and AIL protons, indicating complexation between them. The observed results indicate that these complexes are expected to have a possible therapeutic role in reducing/inhibiting amyloid fibrils when incorporated into drug formulations. Ionic liquids mediated interactions are an expedient approach that exhibit inhibition effect on amyloid fibrils which is beneficial for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Srishti Sharma
- School of Studies in Chemistry, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University Raipur-492010 C.G. India
| | - Manoj Kumar Banjare
- School of Studies in Chemistry, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University Raipur-492010 C.G. India .,MATS School of Sciences, MATS University Pagaria Complex, Pandri Raipur-492009 C.G. India
| | - Namrata Singh
- Ramrao Adik Institute of Technology, DY Patil University Nerul Navi Mumbai India.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove Rokitanskeho 62 50003 Hradec Kralove Czech Republic
| | - Jan Korábečný
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove Sokolska 581 500 05 Hradec Kralove Czech Republic .,Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence Trebesska 1575 500 01 Hradec Kralove Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Kuča
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove Sokolska 581 500 05 Hradec Kralove Czech Republic .,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove Rokitanskeho 62 50003 Hradec Kralove Czech Republic
| | - Kallol K Ghosh
- School of Studies in Chemistry, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University Raipur-492010 C.G. India
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23
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Murakami K, Yamaguchi T, Izuo N, Kume T, Hara H, Irie K. Synthetic and Biophysical Studies on the Toxic Conformer in Amyloid β with the E22Δ Mutation in Alzheimer Pathology. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:3017-3024. [PMID: 32790274 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The toxic conformer of the 40- or 42-mer-amyloid β-proteins (Aβ) (Aβ40, Aβ42) with a turn at positions 22 and 23 plays a role in oligomer formation, leading to neurotoxicity as part of the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). A deletion mutant at Glu22 (E22Δ) of Aβ, known as an Osaka mutation, accelerates oligomerization. Although E22Δ-Aβ has not been found to be toxic to cultured neuronal cells and is instead synaptotoxic in long-term potentiation, there is no information on the toxic conformer of E22Δ-Aβ in AD. The site-directed spin labeling study of E22Δ-Aβ40 by continuous wave-electron spin resonance (CW-ESR) spectroscopy in part showed the spatial proximity between positions 10 and 35, which are characteristic of the toxic conformation of Aβ, indicating the existence of a toxic conformer of Aβ with the E22Δ mutation. To obtain structural insight, E22Δ-Aβ42 substitutes with proline (F20P, A21P, D23P, and V24P), in which proline is known as a turn inducer but is a β-sheet breaker, were synthesized. An enzyme immunoassay using the 24B3 antibody recognizing toxic conformer of Aβ was carried out. 24B3 reacted with these substitutes of E22Δ-Aβ42 as well as E22Δ-Aβ42 in a similar manner to WT-Aβ42. Notably, only A21P-E22Δ-Aβ42 exhibited strong neurotoxicity in rat primary neurons after 8 days of incubation, with potent high-order oligomerization compared with E22Δ-Aβ42. These results suggest that E22Δ-Aβ42 could enhance neurotoxicity by generating a toxic oligomer conformation with a turn near position 21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuma Murakami
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Tomomi Yamaguchi
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Naotaka Izuo
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Kume
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Hara
- BioSpin Division, Bruker Japan K. K., Yokohama 221-0022, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Irie
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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24
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Obata Y, Murakami K, Kawase T, Hirose K, Izuo N, Shimizu T, Irie K. Detection of Amyloid β Oligomers with RNA Aptamers in App NL-G-F/NL-G-F Mice: A Model of Arctic Alzheimer's Disease. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:21531-21537. [PMID: 32905362 PMCID: PMC7469371 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c02134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
RNA aptamers have garnered attention for diagnostic applications due to their ability to recognize diverse targets. Oligomers of 42-mer amyloid β-protein (Aβ42), whose accumulation is relevant to the pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD), are among the most difficult molecules for aptamer recognition because they are prone to aggregate in heterogeneous forms. In addition to designing haptens for in vitro selection of aptamers, the difficulties involved in determining their effect on Aβ42 oligomerization impede aptamer research. We previously developed three RNA aptamers (E22P-AbD4, -AbD31, and -AbD43) with high affinity for protofibrils (PFs) derived from a toxic Aβ42 dimer. Notably, these aptamers recognized diffuse staining, which likely originated from PFs or higher-order oligomers with curvilinear structures in a knock-in AppNL-G-F/NL-G-F mouse, carrying the Arctic mutation that preferentially induced the formation of PFs, in addition to a PS2Tg2576 mouse. To determine which oligomeric sizes were mainly altered by the aptamer, ion mobility-mass spectrometry (IM-MS) was carried out. One aptamer, E22P-AbD43, formed adducts with the Aβ42 monomer and dimer, leading to suppression of further oligomerization. These findings support the utility of these aptamers as diagnostics for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yayoi Obata
- Division
of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Kazuma Murakami
- Division
of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | | | | | - Naotaka Izuo
- Department
of Endocrinology, Hematology and Gerontology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Takahiko Shimizu
- Department
of Endocrinology, Hematology and Gerontology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Irie
- Division
of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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25
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Murakami K, Kato H, Hanaki M, Monobe Y, Akagi KI, Kawase T, Hirose K, Irie K. Synthetic and biochemical studies on the effect of persulfidation on disulfide dimer models of amyloid β42 at position 35 in Alzheimer's etiology. RSC Adv 2020; 10:19506-19512. [PMID: 35515472 PMCID: PMC9054097 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra03429k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein persulfidation plays a role in redox signaling as an anti-oxidant. Dimers of amyloid β42 (Aβ42), which induces oxidative stress-associated neurotoxicity as a causative agent of Alzheimer's disease (AD), are minimum units of oligomers in AD pathology. Met35 can be susceptible to persulfidation through its substitution to homoCys residue under the condition of oxidative stress. In order to verify whether persulfidation has an effect in AD, herein we report a chemical approach by synthesizing disulfide dimers of Aβ42 and their evaluation of biochemical properties. A homoCys-disulfide dimer model at position 35 of Aβ42 formed a partial β-sheet structure, but its neurotoxicity was much weaker than that of the corresponding monomer. In contrast, the congener with an alkyl linker generated β-sheet-rich 8–16-mer oligomers with potent neurotoxicity. The length of protofibrils generated from the homoCys-disulfide dimer model was shorter than that of its congener with an alkyl linker. Therefore, the current data do not support the involvement of Aβ42 persulfidation in Alzheimer's disease. Our data do not support the Aβ42 persulfidation hypothesis in Alzheimer's etiology because the neurotoxicity of the homoCys-disulfide-Aβ42 dimer was very weak.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuma Murakami
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Haruka Kato
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Mizuho Hanaki
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Yoko Monobe
- National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition Osaka 567-0085 Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Akagi
- National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition Osaka 567-0085 Japan
| | | | | | - Kazuhiro Irie
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
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Sánchez OF, Rodríguez AV, Velasco-España JM, Murillo LC, Sutachan JJ, Albarracin SL. Role of Connexins 30, 36, and 43 in Brain Tumors, Neurodegenerative Diseases, and Neuroprotection. Cells 2020; 9:E846. [PMID: 32244528 PMCID: PMC7226843 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gap junction (GJ) channels and their connexins (Cxs) are complex proteins that have essential functions in cell communication processes in the central nervous system (CNS). Neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and microglial cells express an extraordinary repertory of Cxs that are important for cell to cell communication and diffusion of metabolites, ions, neurotransmitters, and gliotransmitters. GJs and Cxs not only contribute to the normal function of the CNS but also the pathological progress of several diseases, such as cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. Besides, they have important roles in mediating neuroprotection by internal or external molecules. However, regulation of Cx expression by epigenetic mechanisms has not been fully elucidated. In this review, we provide an overview of the known mechanisms that regulate the expression of the most abundant Cxs in the central nervous system, Cx30, Cx36, and Cx43, and their role in brain cancer, CNS disorders, and neuroprotection. Initially, we focus on describing the Cx gene structure and how this is regulated by epigenetic mechanisms. Then, the posttranslational modifications that mediate the activity and stability of Cxs are reviewed. Finally, the role of GJs and Cxs in glioblastoma, Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's diseases, and neuroprotection are analyzed with the aim of shedding light in the possibility of using Cx regulators as potential therapeutic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar F. Sánchez
- Department of Nutrition and Biochemistry, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, 110911 Bogota, Colombia; (A.V.R.); (J.M.V.-E.); (L.C.M.); (J.-J.S.)
| | | | | | | | | | - Sonia-Luz Albarracin
- Department of Nutrition and Biochemistry, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, 110911 Bogota, Colombia; (A.V.R.); (J.M.V.-E.); (L.C.M.); (J.-J.S.)
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Murakami K, Yoshimura M, Nakagawa S, Kume T, Kondo T, Inoue H, Irie K. Evaluation of Toxic Amyloid 42 Oligomers in Rat Primary Cerebral Cortex Cells and Human iPS-derived Neurons Treated with 10-Me-Aplog-1, a New PKC Activator. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041179. [PMID: 32053979 PMCID: PMC7072833 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid β42 (Aβ42), a causative agent of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), is derived extracellularly from Aβ precursor protein (APP) following the latter’s cleavage by β-secretase, but not α-secretase. Protein kinase Cα (PKCα) activation is known to increase α-secretase activity, thereby suppressing Aβ production. Since Aβ42 oligomer formation causes potent neurotoxicity, APP modulation by PKC ligands is a promising strategy for AD treatment. Although bryostatin-1 (bryo-1) is a leading compound for this strategy, its limited natural availability and the difficulty of its total synthesis impedes further research. To address this limitation, Irie and colleagues have developed a new PKC activator with few side effects, 10-Me-Aplog-1, (1), which decreased Aβ42 in the conditioned medium of rat primary cerebral cortex cells. These results are associated with increased α-secretase but not PKCε-dependent Aβ-degrading enzyme. The amount of neuronal embryonic lethal abnormal vision (nELAV), a known β-secretase stabilizer, was reduced by treatment with 1. Notably, 1 prevented the formation of intracellular toxic oligomers. Furthermore, 1 suppressed toxic oligomerization within human iPS-derived neurons such as bryo-1. Given that 1 was not neurotoxic toward either cell line, these findings suggest that 1 is a potential drug lead for AD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuma Murakami
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan;
- Correspondence: (K.M.); (K.I.); Tel.: +81-75-753-6282 (K.M.); +81-75-753-6281 (K.I.)
| | - Mayuko Yoshimura
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan;
| | - Shota Nakagawa
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; (S.N.); (T.K.)
| | - Toshiaki Kume
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; (S.N.); (T.K.)
- Department of Applied Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kondo
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; (T.K.); (H.I.)
- iPSC-based Drug Discovery and Development Team, RIKEN BioResource Research Center (BRC), Kyoto 619-0237, Japan
- Medical-risk Avoidance based on iPS Cells Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project (AIP), Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Haruhisa Inoue
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; (T.K.); (H.I.)
- iPSC-based Drug Discovery and Development Team, RIKEN BioResource Research Center (BRC), Kyoto 619-0237, Japan
- Medical-risk Avoidance based on iPS Cells Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project (AIP), Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Irie
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan;
- Correspondence: (K.M.); (K.I.); Tel.: +81-75-753-6282 (K.M.); +81-75-753-6281 (K.I.)
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28
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Foley AR, Lee HW, Raskatov JA. A Focused Chiral Mutant Library of the Amyloid β 42 Central Electrostatic Cluster as a Tool To Stabilize Aggregation Intermediates. J Org Chem 2020; 85:1385-1391. [PMID: 31875394 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b02312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Amyloidogenic peptides and proteins aggregate into fibrillary structures that are usually deposited in tissues and organs and are often involved in the development of diseases. In contrast to native structured proteins, amyloids do not follow a defined energy landscape toward the fibrillary state and often generate a vast population of aggregation intermediates that are transient and exceedingly difficult to study. Here, we employ chiral editing as a tool to study the aggregation mechanism of the Amyloid β (Aβ) 42 peptide, whose aggregation intermediates are thought to be one of the main driving forces in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Through the design of a focused chiral mutant library (FCML) of 16 chiral Aβ42 variants, we identified several point D-substitutions that allowed us to modulate the aggregation propensity and the biological activity of the peptide. Surprisingly, the reduced propensity toward aggregation and the stabilization of oligomeric intermediates did not always correlate with an increase in toxicity. In the present study, we show how chiral editing can be a powerful tool to trap and stabilize Aβ42 conformers that might otherwise be too transient and dynamic to study, and we identify sites within the Aβ42 sequence that could be potential targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro R Foley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California Santa Cruz , Santa Cruz , California 95064 , United States
| | - Hsiau-Wei Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California Santa Cruz , Santa Cruz , California 95064 , United States
| | - Jevgenij A Raskatov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California Santa Cruz , Santa Cruz , California 95064 , United States
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