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Nistorescu S, Icriverzi M, Florian P, Bonciu A, Marascu V, Dumitrescu N, Pircalabioru GG, Rusen L, Mocanu A, Roseanu A, Cimpean A, Grama F, Dinca V, Cristian DA. Mitigation of Cellular and Bacterial Adhesion on Laser Modified Poly (2-Methacryloyloxyethyl Phosphorylcholine)/Polydimethylsiloxane Surface. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 13:nano13010064. [PMID: 36615974 PMCID: PMC9824587 DOI: 10.3390/nano13010064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, using polymers with specific characteristics to coat the surface of a device to prevent undesired biological responses can represent an optimal strategy for developing new and more efficient implants for biomedical applications. Among them, zwitterionic phosphorylcholine-based polymers are of interest due to their properties to resist cell and bacterial adhesion. In this work, the Matrix-Assisted Laser Evaporation (MAPLE) technique was investigated as a new approach for functionalising Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) surfaces with zwitterionic poly(2-Methacryloyloxyethyl-Phosphorylcholine) (pMPC) polymer. Evaluation of the physical-chemical properties of the new coatings revealed that the technique proposed has the advantage of achieving uniform and homogeneous stable moderate hydrophilic pMPC thin layers onto hydrophobic PDMS without any pre-treatment, therefore avoiding the major disadvantage of hydrophobicity recovery. The capacity of modified PDMS surfaces to reduce bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation was tested for Gram-positive bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), and Gram-negative bacteria, Escherichia coli (E. coli). Cell adhesion, proliferation and morphology of human THP-1 differentiated macrophages and human normal CCD-1070Sk fibroblasts on the different surfaces were also assessed. Biological in vitro investigation revealed a significantly reduced adherence on PDMS-pMPC of both E. coli (from 29 × 10 6 to 3 × 102 CFU/mL) and S. aureus (from 29 × 106 to 3 × 102 CFU/mL) bacterial strains. Additionally, coated surfaces induced a significant inhibition of biofilm formation, an effect observed mainly for E. coli. Moreover, the pMPC coatings improved the capacity of PDMS to reduce the adhesion and proliferation of human macrophages by 50% and of human fibroblast by 40% compared to unmodified scaffold, circumventing undesired cell responses such as inflammation and fibrosis. All these highlighted the potential for the new PDMS-pMPC interfaces obtained by MAPLE to be used in the biomedical field to design new PDMS-based implants exhibiting long-term hydrophilic profile stability and better mitigating foreign body response and microbial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Nistorescu
- National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 077125 Magurele, Romania
- Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Madalina Icriverzi
- Institute for Biochemistry of Romanian Academy, 060031 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Paula Florian
- Institute for Biochemistry of Romanian Academy, 060031 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Anca Bonciu
- National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 077125 Magurele, Romania
| | - Valentina Marascu
- National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 077125 Magurele, Romania
| | - Nicoleta Dumitrescu
- National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 077125 Magurele, Romania
| | | | - Laurentiu Rusen
- National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 077125 Magurele, Romania
| | - Alexandra Mocanu
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Anca Roseanu
- Institute for Biochemistry of Romanian Academy, 060031 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Anisoara Cimpean
- Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Florin Grama
- Surgical Department, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 030171 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence: (F.G.); (V.D.); Tel.: +40-214574414 (V.D.)
| | - Valentina Dinca
- National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 077125 Magurele, Romania
- Correspondence: (F.G.); (V.D.); Tel.: +40-214574414 (V.D.)
| | - Daniel A. Cristian
- Surgical Department, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 030171 Bucharest, Romania
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Chen C, Liu Q, Yang Z, Ye Q, An QF. Substrate-independent fabrication of superhydrophilic membrane based on dopamine methacrylamide and zwitterionic substance for effective oil-in-water emulsion separation. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2022.104513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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3
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Ishihara K. Biomimetic materials based on zwitterionic polymers toward human-friendly medical devices. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2022; 23:498-524. [PMID: 36117516 PMCID: PMC9481090 DOI: 10.1080/14686996.2022.2119883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This review summarizes recent research on the design of polymer material systems based on biomimetic concepts and reports on the medical devices that implement these systems. Biomolecules such as proteins, nucleic acids, and phospholipids, present in living organisms, play important roles in biological activities. These molecules are characterized by heterogenic nature with hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity, and a balance of positive and negative charges, which provide unique reaction fields, interfaces, and functionality. Incorporating these molecules into artificial systems is expected to advance material science considerably. This approach to material design is exceptionally practical for medical devices that are in contact with living organisms. Here, it is focused on zwitterionic polymers with intramolecularly balanced charges and introduce examples of their applications in medical devices. Their unique properties make these polymers potential surface modification materials to enhance the performance and safety of conventional medical devices. This review discusses these devices; moreover, new surface technologies have been summarized for developing human-friendly medical devices using zwitterionic polymers in the cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, orthopedic, and ophthalmology fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiko Ishihara
- Division of Materials and Manufacturing Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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4
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Modification of thermoplastic polyurethane through the grafting of well-defined polystyrene and preparation of its polymer/clay nanocomposite. Polym Bull (Berl) 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-019-02773-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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5
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A mild method for surface-grafting MPC onto poly(ester-urethane) based on aliphatic diurethane diisocyanate with high grafting efficiency. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 104:109952. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.109952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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6
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Zhang J, Yang B, Jia Q, Xiao M, Hou Z. Preparation, Physicochemical Properties, and Hemocompatibility of the Composites Based on Biodegradable Poly(Ether-Ester-Urethane) and Phosphorylcholine-Containing Copolymer. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E860. [PMID: 31083573 PMCID: PMC6572198 DOI: 10.3390/polym11050860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
To improve the hemocompatibility of the biodegradable medical poly(ether-ester-urethane) (PEEU), containing uniform-size aliphatic hard segments that was prepared in our lab, a copolymer containing phosphorylcholine (PC) groups was blended with the PEEU. The PC-copolymer of poly(MPC-co-EHMA) (PMEH) was first obtained by copolymerization of 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) and 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate (EHMA), and then dissolved in mixed solvent of ethanol/chloroform to obtain a homogeneous solution. The composite films (PMPU) with varying PMEH content were prepared by solvent evaporation method. The physicochemical properties of the composite films with varying PMEH content were researched. The PMPU films exhibited higher thermal stability than that of the pure PEEU film. With the PMEH content increasing from 5 to 20 wt%, the PMPU films also possessed satisfied tensile properties with ultimate stress of 22.9-15.8 MPa and strain at break of 925-820%. The surface and bulk hydrophilicity of the films were improved after incorporation of PMEH. In vitro degradation studies indicated that the degradation rate increased with PMEH content, and it took 12-24 days for composite films to become fragments. The protein adsorption and platelet-rich plasma contact tests were adapted to evaluate the surface hemocompatibility of the composite films. It was found that the amount of adsorbed protein and adherent platelet on the surface decreased significantly, and almost no activated platelets were observed when PMEH content was above 5 wt%, which manifested good surface hemocompatibility. Due to the biodegradability, acceptable tensile properties and good surface hemocompatibility, the composites can be expected to be applied in blood-contacting implant materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China.
| | - Bing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Public Security Management Technology in Universities of Shandong, Shandong Management University, Jinan 250357, China.
| | - Qi Jia
- Qilu Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Jinan 250104, China.
| | - Minghui Xiao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China.
| | - Zhaosheng Hou
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China.
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7
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Photoreactive benzophenone as anchor of modifier to construct durable anti-platelets polymer surface. Eur Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2018.11.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Liu Y, Munisso MC, Mahara A, Kambe Y, Fukazawa K, Ishihara K, Yamaoka T. A surface graft polymerization process on chemically stable medical ePTFE for suppressing platelet adhesion and activation. Biomater Sci 2018; 6:1908-1915. [PMID: 29877532 DOI: 10.1039/c8bm00364e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
An effective surface grafting method for chemically inert and elaborately porous medical expanded-polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) was developed. Although surface graft polymerization onto basic polymeric biomaterials has been widely studied, successful modification of the ePTFE surface has been lacking due to its high chemical resistance. Herein, we succeeded in surface graft polymerization onto ePTFE through glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) as a bridge linkage following argon (Ar) plasma treatment. The epoxy group of GMA was expected to react with the peroxide groups produced on ePTFE by Ar plasma exposure, and its methacrylic groups can copolymerize with various monomers. In the present study, we selected 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) as a model monomer and the blood compatibility of modified ePTFE was evaluated. Two sequences of surface grafting were compared. In a two-step graft polymerization, GMA was first immobilized onto Ar plasma treated ePTFE, and then MPC was polymerized. In a one-step graft copolymerization, MPC and GMA were mixed and copolymerized simultaneously onto Ar plasma treated ePTFE, resulting in a poly(MPC-co-GMA) (PMG) graft surface. The roughness of the node-and-fibril structure of ePTFE was reduced by the uniform polymer layer, and the modified ePTFE had a good hydrophilic nature even after being stored in an aqueous environment for 30 days. The indispensable GMA in graft polymerization improved the surface grafting on ePTFE. The one-step and two-step graft polymerization methods could decrease the number of adhered platelets, and almost inhibit platelet activation. We concluded that graft polymerization with the GMA linker provides a novel strategy to modify the chemically inert ePTFE surfaces for functionalizing as new medical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihua Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, 5-7-1 Fujishirodai, Suita, Osaka 565-8565, Japan.
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Huang X, Luo C, Lin L, Zhang L, Li H, Yao K, Xu Z. UV-assisted treatment on hydrophobic acrylic IOLs anterior surface with methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine: Reducing inflammation and maintaining low posterior capsular opacification properties. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 75:1289-1298. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 01/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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HIGUCHI K, SASAKI K, IWANO A, MORITA K, SHINYASHIKI N, OKAMURA Y, NAGASE Y. Mechanical Properties and Dielectric Relaxation Behavior of Segmented Polyurethanes Containing Phosphorylcholine Groups. KOBUNSHI RONBUNSHU 2017. [DOI: 10.1295/koron.2017-0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Koji HIGUCHI
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tokai University
| | - Kaito SASAKI
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Tokai University
- Micro·Nano Research & Development Center, Tokai University
| | | | - Kohei MORITA
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tokai University
| | - Naoki SHINYASHIKI
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Tokai University
- Graduate School of Science, Tokai University
| | - Yosuke OKAMURA
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tokai University
- Micro·Nano Research & Development Center, Tokai University
| | - Yu NAGASE
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tokai University
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Tokai University
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11
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Graft Modification Strategies to Improve Patency of Prosthetic Arteriovenous Grafts for Hemodialysis. J Vasc Access 2016; 17 Suppl 1:S85-90. [DOI: 10.5301/jva.5000526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Prosthetic arteriovenous grafts (AVGs) are indicated for vascular access for long-term hemodialysis in patients in whom creation or maintenance of an arteriovenous fistula (AVF) has failed or is contraindicated. AVGs have an inferior long-term patency as compared to AVFs. To ameliorate patency rates of prosthetic AVGs, different strategies have emerged to improve graft materials. This review aims to describe current strategies and future perspectives on graft modification, by graft geometry, drug coatings and graft surface technology, to improve AVG patency.
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12
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Yang J, Feng Y, Zhang L. Biodegradable carrier/gene complexes to mediate the transfection and proliferation of human vascular endothelial cells. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.3636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Chemical Engineering (Tianjin); Tianjin University; Tianjin China
| | - Yakai Feng
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Chemical Engineering (Tianjin); Tianjin University; Tianjin China
- Tianjin University-Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht; Joint Laboratory for Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine; Tianjin China
| | - Li Zhang
- Tianjin University-Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht; Joint Laboratory for Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine; Tianjin China
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13
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Lin X, Fukazawa K, Ishihara K. Photoreactive Polymers Bearing a Zwitterionic Phosphorylcholine Group for Surface Modification of Biomaterials. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:17489-17498. [PMID: 26202385 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b05193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Photoreactive polymers bearing zwitterionic phosphorylcholine and benzophenone groups on the side chain were synthesized and used as surface modification reagents for biomaterials. A photoreactive methacrylate containing the benzophenone group, 3-methacryloyloxy-2-hydroxypropyl-4-oxybenzophenone (MHPBP), was synthesized via a ring-opening and addition reaction between glycidyl methacrylate and 4-hydroxybenzophenone. Then, water-soluble, amphiphilic polymers poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC)-co-MHPBP) (PMH) and poly(MPC-co-n-butyl methacrylate-co-MHPBP), with different monomer unit compositions, were synthesized through radical polymerization. Ultraviolet-visible (UV/vis) absorption spectra of these polymer solutions showed that these polymers have maximum absorption peaks at 254 and 289 nm that can be attributed to the benzophenone unit. The intensity of UV adsorption at 289 nm was decreased with increased UV irradiation time, and it was saturated within a few minutes, indicating that the polymers are highly sensitive to UV irradiation. A commercial material (i.e., cyclic polyolefin) was simply modified by a UV irradiation for 1.0 min. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis results indicated that the stability of the polymer on the surface was dramatically enhanced because of the photochemical reaction of the benzophenone moiety. The air contact angles of PMH surfaces measured in water were up to 160°. Thus, highly hydrophilic surfaces were obtained. The critical surface tension of the PMH-modified surface was 45.7 mN/m. By evaluating the biological reactivity of the treated surface, protein adsorption and cell adhesion were completely inhibited on the surface, which was prepared using a photopatterning procedure using PMH. In conclusion, photoreactive MPC polymers with a benzophenone moiety could be used as a novel and effective surface modifier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Lin
- †Department of Materials Engineering and ‡Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Kyoko Fukazawa
- †Department of Materials Engineering and ‡Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Ishihara
- †Department of Materials Engineering and ‡Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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14
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Li Q, Shi C, Zhang W, Behl M, Lendlein A, Feng Y. Nanoparticles complexed with gene vectors to promote proliferation of human vascular endothelial cells. Adv Healthc Mater 2015; 4:1225-35. [PMID: 25755152 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201400817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Amphiphilic block copolymers containing biodegradable hydrophobic segments of depsipeptide based copolymers have been synthesized and explored as gene carriers for enhancing proliferation of endothelial cells in vitro. These polymers form nanoparticles (NPs) with positive charges on their surface, which could condense recombinant plasmids of enhanced green fluorescent protein plasmid and ZNF580 gene (pEGFP-ZNF580) and protect them against DNase I. ZNF580 gene is efficiently transported into EA.hy926 cells to promote their proliferation, whereby the transfection efficiency of NPs/pEGFP-ZNF580 is approximately similar to that of Lipofectamine 2000. These results indicate that the NPs might have potential as a carrier for pEGFP-ZNF580, which could support endothelialization of cardiovascular implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Tianjin University; Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Changcan Shi
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Tianjin University; Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Wencheng Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology; Logistics University of Chinese People's Armed Police Force; Tianjin 300162 China
| | - Marc Behl
- Tianjin University-Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht; Joint Laboratory for Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine; Tianjin 300072 China
- Institute of Biomaterial Science and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT); Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht; Kantstr. 55 14513 Teltow Germany
| | - Andreas Lendlein
- Tianjin University-Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht; Joint Laboratory for Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine; Tianjin 300072 China
- Institute of Biomaterial Science and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT); Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht; Kantstr. 55 14513 Teltow Germany
| | - Yakai Feng
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Tianjin University; Tianjin 300072 China
- Tianjin University-Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht; Joint Laboratory for Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine; Tianjin 300072 China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering of Ministry of Education; Tianjin University; Tianjin 300072 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Chemical Engineering (Tianjin); Tianjin 300072 China
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15
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Ren X, Feng Y, Guo J, Wang H, Li Q, Yang J, Hao X, Lv J, Ma N, Li W. Surface modification and endothelialization of biomaterials as potential scaffolds for vascular tissue engineering applications. Chem Soc Rev 2015; 44:5680-742. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cs00483c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 359] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This review highlights the recent developments of surface modification and endothelialization of biomaterials in vascular tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangkui Ren
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Chemical Engineering (Tianjin)
| | - Yakai Feng
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Chemical Engineering (Tianjin)
| | - Jintang Guo
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Chemical Engineering (Tianjin)
| | - Haixia Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- China
| | - Qian Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- China
| | - Jing Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- China
| | - Xuefang Hao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- China
| | - Juan Lv
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- China
| | - Nan Ma
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Free University of Berlin
- D-14195 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Wenzhong Li
- Department of Cardiac Surgery
- University of Rostock
- D-18057 Rostock
- Germany
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