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Schmidt TE, Gleason CB, Samaniego MR, White RR. Effects of wearable therapies on jump performance in sport horses. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1235932. [PMID: 37822954 PMCID: PMC10562572 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1235932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Failure to properly prepare the equine athlete for exercise and support post-exercise recovery is a contributing factor to physical breakdown and lameness. Equine physiotherapy was not introduced until the early twentieth century and has since evolved to allow for wearable therapies such as therapeutic boots to be accessible to a broad spectrum of equestrians. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of ceramic boots, boots combining vibration and cryotherapy, and boots containing tourmaline on the performance of sport horses during jumping as well as to examine changes in vital signs in response to treatment. Methods Eight healthy horses received the 3 therapeutic boot treatments or a control (no boot) in a Latin square experiment for a period of 5 days each. Horses performed approximately 10 min of exercise through a jump chute for the 5 consecutive days and jump performance parameters were recorded during each exercise session. Therapeutics were applied in the morning prior to exercise per the manufacturer's recommendation and were removed only for exercise. Results and Discussion In a Bayesian network analysis, changes in vital signs (heart rate, respiration, and temperature) were driven by individual animal, rather than boot treatment. Jump performance was influenced by boot treatment, physiological measurements, and individual animal. Therapeutic boots were associated with changes in conditional probabilities of numerous performance outcomes. This study indicates the use of wearable therapies may result in improved performance outcomes of sport horses in jumping exercises.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Robin R. White
- School of Animal Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
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2
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Tian X, Zhang Y, Li H, Jiao Y, Wang Q, Zhang Y, Ma N, Wang W. Property of mud and its application in cosmetic and medical fields: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2022; 44:4235-4251. [PMID: 35254605 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-022-01228-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Mud is a semi-colloidal substance formed by the mixture of inorganic, organic and water under the influence of various physical and chemical factors through geological and biological processes. The chemical composition of mud is complex, rich in Ca2+, Zn2+, Mg2+, Na+ and other mineral elements, also contains organic matter such as humic acid, fulvic acid and acetic acid. In cosmetic field, mud can improve the activity of glutathione enzyme and superoxide dismutase in skin, which helps the skin anti-aging. Besides, it also can improve the skin microbial community, due to its distinctively physical properties, mineral ions, microorganisms, etc. In medical field, mud can treat osteoarthritis, especially knee osteoarthritis which has been studied extensively, and it can also increase the chemotaxis of macrophages. On the one hand, the use of clay (a kind of refined mud) can protect the gastrointestinal tract and treat some gastrointestinal diseases. On the other hand, clay is often used as carriers or composites in drug delivery, especially in skin drug delivery, showing very positive results. The purpose of this review is to present an overview of current knowledge about the application of mud in cosmetic and medical fields and to provide ideas for further research in mud.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Tian
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, People's Republic of China
| | - Yafei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, People's Republic of China
| | - Haichao Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qinghai Nationalities University, Xining, 810007, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuzhen Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuli Wang
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, People's Republic of China
| | - Yumeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Ma
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenhang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, People's Republic of China.
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The Application of Clay-Based Nanocomposite Hydrogels in Wound Healing. ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13369-022-06959-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Formulation of Microwave-Assisted Natural-Synthetic Polymer Composite Film and Its Physicochemical Characterization. INT J POLYM SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1155/2021/9961710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study is aimed at microwave-assisted synthesis of sodium carboxymethylcellulose and Eudragit L100 composite film and its physicochemical characterization. The film was developed with varying quantities of each polymer and treated with microwave at a fixed frequency of 2450 MHz with a power of 350 Watts for 60 and 120 s. All formulations were characterized for thickness/weight uniformity, moisture adsorption, erosion and water uptake, tensile strength, and vibrational, thermal, and surface morphological analysis in comparison with untreated film samples. Results indicated that microwave treatment for 60 s significantly improved the tensile strength, reduced the water adsorption, delayed erosion, and reduced the water uptake in comparison with the untreated and 120 s treated film formulations. The vibrational analysis revealed rigidification of hydrophilic domains at OH/NH moiety and fluidization of hydrophobic domains at asymmetric and symmetric CH moieties, which is envisaged to be due to the formation of new linkages between the two polymers. These were later confirmed by thermal analysis where a significant rise in transition temperature, as well as enthalpy of the system, was recorded. The microwave treatment for 60 s is thus advocated to be the best treatment condition for developing sodium carboxymethylcellulose and Eudragit L100 composite polymeric films.
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Bajgai J, Xingyu J, Fadriquela A, Begum R, Kim DH, Kim CS, Kim SK, Lee KJ. Effects of mineral complex material treatment on 2,4- dinitrochlorobenzene-induced atopic dermatitis like-skin lesions in mice model. BMC Complement Med Ther 2021; 21:82. [PMID: 33658026 PMCID: PMC7931355 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-021-03259-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic allergic inflammatory skin disease characterized by complex pathogenesis including skin barrier dysfunction, immune-redox disturbances, and pruritus. Prolonged topical treatment with medications such as corticosteroids, calcineurin inhibitors, and T-cell inhibitors may have some potential side-effects. To this end, many researchers have explored numerous alternative therapies using natural products and mineral compounds with antioxidant or immunomodulatory effects to minimize toxicity and adverse-effects. In the current study, we investigated the effects of mineral complex material (MCM) treatment on 2, 4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB)-induced AD-like skin lesions in SKH-1 hairless mice. Methods Animals were divided into four groups; normal control (NC), negative control treated with DNCB only (DNCB only), positive control treated with DNCB and tacrolimus ointment (PC) and experimental group treated with DNCB and MCM patch (MCM). Skin inflammation and lesion severity were investigated through analyses of skin parameters (barrier score and strength, moisture and trans-epidermal water loss level), histopathology, immunoglobulin E, and cytokines. In addition, reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and catalase (CAT) levels were measured in both serum and skin lysate. Results Our results demonstrates that MCM patch improved the progression of AD-like skin lesions by significantly increasing skin barrier strength and decreasing trans-epidermal water loss. Additionally, dermal administration of MCM patch significantly reduced epidermal thickness, ROS, and NO levels in skin lysate. Furthermore, we found that MCM suppressed the levels of AD-involved (Th1 and Th2) cytokines such as IL-2, IFN-γ, and IL-4 in blood. In addition, the levels of other Th1, and Th2 and inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-12(p70) and IL-10 were found lowest in the MCM group than in the DNCB only and PC groups. Moreover, we found total serum IgE level significantly increased after DNCB treatment, but decreased in the PC and MCM groups. Conclusion Taken together, our findings suggest that MCM application may have beneficial effects either systemic or regional on DNCB-induced AD lesional skin via regulation of the skin barrier function and immune-redox response. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12906-021-03259-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johny Bajgai
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon-do, 26426, Republic of Korea
| | - Jing Xingyu
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon-do, 26426, Republic of Korea.,Department of Global Medical Science, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon-do, 26426, Republic of Korea
| | - Ailyn Fadriquela
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon-do, 26426, Republic of Korea.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon-do, 26426, Republic of Korea
| | - Rahima Begum
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon-do, 26426, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Heui Kim
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon-do, 26426, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol-Su Kim
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon-do, 26426, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Ki Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon-do, 26426, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Jae Lee
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon-do, 26426, Republic of Korea. .,Institute for Poverty Alleviation and International Development, Yonsei University, Wonju Campus, Wonju, Gangwon-do, 26493, Republic of Korea.
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Gögele C, Schulze-Tanzil G, Kokozidou M, Gäbel C, Billner M, Reichert B, Bodenschatz K. Growth characteristics of human juvenile, adult and murine fibroblasts: a comparison of polymer wound dressings. J Wound Care 2020; 29:572-585. [PMID: 33052799 DOI: 10.12968/jowc.2020.29.10.572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Fibroblasts are important for the successful healing of deep wounds. However, the influence exerted by Cuticell, a natural polymer on fibroblasts and by the synthetic polymer, Suprathel, made of poly-L-lactic acid, is not sufficiently characterised. This study compared the survival and growth characteristics of human juvenile and adult dermal fibroblasts as well as murine fibroblast cell line L929, on a natural polymer with those of a synthetic polymer using different culture models. METHOD Murine, juvenile and adult human fibroblasts were seeded on both the natural and synthetic polymers using statical slide culture or the medium air interface and dynamical rotatory culture. Cell adherence, viability, morphology and actin cytoskeleton architecture were monitored for 1-7 days. Biomaterial permeability was checked with a previously established diffusion chamber. RESULTS The majority of the murine and adult human fibroblasts survived in slide and rotatory cultures on both wound dressings. The fibroblasts seeded on the synthetic polymer exhibited phenotypically a typical spread shape with multiple cell adhesion sites earlier than those on the natural polymer. The highest survival rates in all tested fibroblast species over the entire observation time were detected in rotatory culture (mean: >70%). Nevertheless, it led to cell-cluster formation on both materials. In the medium air interface culture, few adult fibroblasts adhered and survived until the seventh day of culture on both the natural and synthetic polymers, and no viable juvenile and L929 fibroblasts could be found by day seven. Apart from a significant higher survival rate of L929 in slide culture on the natural polymer compared with the synthetic polymer at the end of the culturing period (p<0.0001), and a higher cell survival of L929 on the natural polymer in medium air interface culture, only minor differences between both materials were evident. This suggested a comparable cytocompatibility of both materials. Permeability testing revealed slightly higher permeance of the natural polymer compared with the synthetic polymer. CONCLUSION Cell survival rates depended on the culture system and the fibroblast source. Nevertheless, the juvenile skin fibroblasts were the most sensitive. This observation suggests that wound dressings used in treating children should be tested beforehand with juvenile fibroblasts to ensure the dressing does not compromise wound healing. Future experiments should also include the response of compromised fibroblasts, for example, from burn patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clemens Gögele
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg and Nuremberg, Department Nuremberg, Prof.-Ernst Nathan Strasse 1, 90419 Nuremberg, Germany.,Department of Biosciences, Paris Lodron University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstr. 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Gundula Schulze-Tanzil
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg and Nuremberg, Department Nuremberg, Prof.-Ernst Nathan Strasse 1, 90419 Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Maria Kokozidou
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg and Nuremberg, Department Nuremberg, Prof.-Ernst Nathan Strasse 1, 90419 Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Christiane Gäbel
- Leibniz-Institute for Polymer Research, Institute of Polymer Materials, Dresden, Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Moritz Billner
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Center of Severe Burn Injuries Nuremberg General Hospital / Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg and Nuremberg, Department Nuremberg, Breslauer Straße 20, 90471 Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Bert Reichert
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Center of Severe Burn Injuries Nuremberg General Hospital / Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg and Nuremberg, Department Nuremberg, Breslauer Straße 20, 90471 Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Karl Bodenschatz
- Department of Pediatric Surgery and Urology, Nuremberg General Hospital/Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Department Nuremberg, Breslauer Straße 201, 90471 Nuremberg, Germany
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García-Villén F, Souza IM, de Melo Barbosa R, Borrego-Sánchez A, Sánchez-Espejo R, Ojeda-Riascos S, Iborra CV. Natural Inorganic Ingredients in Wound Healing. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:621-641. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200113162114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background:
One of the major clinical challenges is to achieve a rapid and efficient treatment of complex chronic wounds. Nowadays, most wound dressings currently available are unable to find a solution the challenges of resistance to bacterial infection, protein adsorption and increased levels of exudates. Natural inorganic ingredients (clay minerals, metal cations, zeolites, etc) could be the key to solve the problem satisfactorily. Some of these materials have shown biocompatibility and ability to enhance cell adhesion, proliferation and cellular differentiation and uptake. Besides, some natural inorganic ingredients effectively retain drugs, allowing the design of drug delivery matrices.
Objective:
possibilities of natural inorganic ingredients in wound healing treatments have been reviewed, the following sections have been included:
1. Introduction
2. Functions of Inorganic Ingredients in wound healing
2.1. Antimicrobial effects
2.2. Hemostatic effects
3. Clay minerals for wound healing
3.1. Clay minerals
3.2. Clay mineral semisolid formulations
3.3. Clay/polymer composites and nanocomposites
3.4. Clay minerals in wound dressings
4. Other inorganic materials for wound healing
4.1. Zeolites
4.2. Silica and other silicates
4.3. Other minerals
4.4. Transition metals
5. Conclusion
Conclusion:
inorganic ingredients possess useful features in the development of chronic wounds advanced treatments. They improve physical (mechanical resistance and water vapor transmission), chemical (release of drugs, hemostasis and/or adsorption of exudates and moisture) and biological (antimicrobial effects and improvement of healing) properties of wound dressings. In summary, inorganic ingredients have proved to be a promising and easily accessible products in the treatment of wounds and, more importantly, chronic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fátima García-Villén
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Iane M.S. Souza
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Raquel de Melo Barbosa
- Laboratory of Drug Development, Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Ana Borrego-Sánchez
- Andalusian Institute of Earth Sciences, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-University of Granada, Armilla, Granada, Spain
| | - Rita Sánchez-Espejo
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Santiago Ojeda-Riascos
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - César V. Iborra
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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Ramos-Zúñiga R, López-González F, Segura-Durán I. Bilaminar Chitosan Scaffold for Sellar Floor Repair in Transsphenoidal Surgery. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:122. [PMID: 32158747 PMCID: PMC7051988 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal surgery (EETS) is a standard technique used to approach sellar tumors. It is relatively safe, minimally invasive and carries a low risk of complications. However, one of the common complications reported with this technique is CSF leakage which causes morbidity, an increase in recovery time and hospital costs. This complication usually occurs from violation of the diaphragma sellae and a defect in the structures of the sellar floor or incomplete repair. In this article we report the first case with the use of a novel bilaminar chitosan scaffold which can be potentially used in the repair of the sellar floor, primarily aiming to the bony part of this structure. Case Presentation After a personalized design employing a tissue engineering strategy, we reconstructed the sellar floor in a 65-year-old woman who had undergone EETS for a pituitary adenoma with progressive bilateral visual loss. To repair the bony defect of the sellar floor, we used a novel bilaminar chitosan scaffold. The patient had an unremarkable postoperative course with no evidence of CSF leak. The polymer was well tolerated without toxicity, infection or complications. After 2 years of follow up the patient remains neurologically intact, and in good endocrinological status. Conclusion This is the first report of the use of this biomaterial and its biocompatibility in a clinical setting for the repair of the sellar floor during EETS. Our experience with chitosan bilaminar scaffold and in several preclinical studies in the literature have demonstrated good biocompatibility and effective bioengineered bone regeneration due to its excellent osteoconductive properties, this study pretends to be one landmark for further clinical research and larger case series with the use of this personalized tissue engineering materials in order to see they real efficacy to increase the surgeon armamentarium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Ramos-Zúñiga
- Translational Neurosciences Institute, Department of Neurosciences, University Center of Health Sciences CUCS, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Francisco López-González
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara Fray Antonio Alcalde, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Ivan Segura-Durán
- Translational Neurosciences Institute, Department of Neurosciences, University Center of Health Sciences CUCS, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
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Bhattacharya D, Ghosh B, Mukhopadhyay M. Development of nanotechnology for advancement and application in wound healing: a review. IET Nanobiotechnol 2019; 13:778-785. [PMID: 31625517 PMCID: PMC8676206 DOI: 10.1049/iet-nbt.2018.5312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Wound healing is a series of different dynamic and complex phenomena. Many studies have been carried out based on the type and severity of wounds. However, to recover wounds faster there are no suitable drugs available, which are highly stable, less expensive as well as has no side effects. Nanomaterials have been proven to be the most promising agent for faster wound healing among all the other wound healing materials. This review briefly discusses the recent developments of wound healing by nanotechnology, their applicability and advantages. Nanomaterials have unique physicochemical, optical, and biological properties. Some of them can be directly applied for wound healing or some of them can be incorporated into scaffolds to create hydrogel matrix or nanocomposites, which promote wound healing through their antimicrobial, as well as selective anti- and pro-inflammatory, and proangiogenic properties. Owing to their high surface area to volume ratio, nanomaterials have not only been used for drug delivery vectors but also can affect wound healing by influencing collagen deposition and realignment and provide approaches for skin tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debalina Bhattacharya
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, West Bengal, India.
| | - Biva Ghosh
- Department of Biotechnology, JIS University, 81 Nilgunj Road, Kolkata 700109, West Bengal, India
| | - Mainak Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Biotechnology, JIS University, 81 Nilgunj Road, Kolkata 700109, West Bengal, India
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Dhingra GA, Kaur M, Singh M, Aggarwal G, Nagpal M. Lock Stock and Barrel of Wound Healing. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 25:4090-4107. [PMID: 31556852 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190926163431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Any kind of injury may lead to wound formation. As per World Health Organization Report, "more than 5 million people die each year due to injuries. This accounts for 9% of the world's population death, nearly 1.7 times the number of fatalities that result from HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria combined. In addition, ten million people suffer from non-fatal injuries which require treatment". This scenario leads to increased health and economic burden worldwide. Rapid wound healing is exigent subject-field in the health care system. It is imperative to be updated on wound care strategies as impaired wound healing may lead to chronic, non-healing wounds and thus further contributes to the national burden. This article is a comprehensive review of wound care strategies. The first and second part of this review article focuses on the understanding of wound, its types and human body's healing mechanism. Wound healing is natural, highly coordinated process that starts on its own, immediately after the injury. However, individual health condition influences the healing process. Discussion of factors affecting wound healing has also been included. Next part includes the detailed review of diverse wound healing strategies that have already been developed for different types of wound. A detailed description of various polymers that may be used has been discussed. Amongst drug delivery systems, oligomers, dendrimers, films, gels, different nano-formulations, like nanocomposites, nanofibers, nanoemulsions and nanoparticles are discussed. Emphasis on bandages has been made in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gitika A Dhingra
- NCRD's Sterling Institute of Pharmacy, Nerul, Navi Mumbai-400706, India
| | - Malkiet Kaur
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Manjinder Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Geeta Aggarwal
- Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi-110017, India
| | - Manju Nagpal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
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Rezvani Ghomi E, Khalili S, Nouri Khorasani S, Esmaeely Neisiany R, Ramakrishna S. Wound dressings: Current advances and future directions. J Appl Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/app.47738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erfan Rezvani Ghomi
- Department of Chemical EngineeringIsfahan University of Technology Isfahan 8415683111 Iran
| | - Shahla Khalili
- Department of Chemical EngineeringIsfahan University of Technology Isfahan 8415683111 Iran
| | - Saied Nouri Khorasani
- Department of Chemical EngineeringIsfahan University of Technology Isfahan 8415683111 Iran
| | - Rasoul Esmaeely Neisiany
- Department of Chemical EngineeringIsfahan University of Technology Isfahan 8415683111 Iran
- Division of Materials ScienceLuleå University of Technology Luleå SE‐97187 Sweden
- Center for Nanofibers and Nanotechnology, Department of Mechanical EngineeringFaculty of Engineering Singapore 117576 Singapore
| | - Seeram Ramakrishna
- Center for Nanofibers and Nanotechnology, Department of Mechanical EngineeringFaculty of Engineering Singapore 117576 Singapore
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Cohen E, Merzendorfer H. Chitin/Chitosan: Versatile Ecological, Industrial, and Biomedical Applications. EXTRACELLULAR SUGAR-BASED BIOPOLYMERS MATRICES 2019; 12. [PMCID: PMC7115017 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-12919-4_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Chitin is a linear polysaccharide of N-acetylglucosamine, which is highly abundant in nature and mainly produced by marine crustaceans. Chitosan is obtained by hydrolytic deacetylation. Both polysaccharides are renewable resources, simply and cost-effectively extracted from waste material of fish industry, mainly crab and shrimp shells. Research over the past five decades has revealed that chitosan, in particular, possesses unique and useful characteristics such as chemical versatility, polyelectrolyte properties, gel- and film-forming ability, high adsorption capacity, antimicrobial and antioxidative properties, low toxicity, and biocompatibility and biodegradability features. A plethora of chemical chitosan derivatives have been synthesized yielding improved materials with suggested or effective applications in water treatment, biosensor engineering, agriculture, food processing and storage, textile additives, cosmetics fabrication, and in veterinary and human medicine. The number of studies in this research field has exploded particularly during the last two decades. Here, we review recent advances in utilizing chitosan and chitosan derivatives in different technical, agricultural, and biomedical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ephraim Cohen
- Department of Entomology, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Hans Merzendorfer
- School of Science and Technology, Institute of Biology – Molecular Biology, University of Siegen, Siegen, Germany
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