1
|
Granat MM, Eifler-Zydel J, Kolmas J. Statins-Their Role in Bone Tissue Metabolism and Local Applications with Different Carriers. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2378. [PMID: 38397055 PMCID: PMC10888549 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Statins, widely prescribed for lipid disorders, primarily target 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase competitively and reversibly, resulting in reduced low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). This mechanism proves effective in lowering the risk of lipid-related diseases such as ischemic cerebrovascular and coronary artery diseases. Beyond their established use, statins are under scrutiny for potential applications in treating bone diseases. The focus of research centers mainly on simvastatin, a lipophilic statin demonstrating efficacy in preventing osteoporosis and aiding in fracture and bone defect healing. Notably, these effects manifest at elevated doses (20 mg/kg/day) of statins, posing challenges for systematic administration due to their limited bone affinity. Current investigations explore intraosseous statin delivery facilitated by specialized carriers. This paper outlines various carrier types, characterizing their structures and underscoring various statins' potential as local treatments for bone diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Mateusz Granat
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1 Str., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Joanna Eifler-Zydel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Biomaterials, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1 Str., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Joanna Kolmas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Biomaterials, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1 Str., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang R, Jo JI, Kanda R, Nishiura A, Hashimoto Y, Matsumoto N. Bioactive Polyetheretherketone with Gelatin Hydrogel Leads to Sustained Release of Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 and Promotes Osteogenic Differentiation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12741. [PMID: 37628923 PMCID: PMC10454083 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) is one of the most promising implant materials for hard tissues due to its similar elastic modulus; however, usage of PEEK is still limited owing to its biological inertness and low osteoconductivity. The objective of the study was to provide PEEK with the ability to sustain the release of growth factors and the osteogenic differentiation of stem cells. The PEEK surface was sandblasted and modified with polydopamine (PDA). Moreover, successful sandblasting and PDA modification of the PEEK surface was confirmed through physicochemical characterization. The gelatin hydrogel was then chemically bound to the PEEK by adding a solution of glutaraldehyde and gelatin to the surface of the PDA-modified PEEK. The binding and degradation of the gelatin hydrogel with PEEK (GPEEK) were confirmed, and the GPEEK mineralization was observed in simulated body fluid. Sustained release of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2 was observed in GPEEK. When cultured on GPEEK with BMP-2, human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) exhibited osteogenic differentiation. We conclude that PEEK with a gelatin hydrogel incorporating BMP-2 is a promising substrate for bone tissue engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruonan Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, Osaka Dental University, 8-1 Kuzuhahanazonocho, Hirakata 573-1121, Osaka, Japan; (R.Z.); (A.N.); (N.M.)
| | - Jun-Ichiro Jo
- Department of Biomaterials, Osaka Dental University, 8-1 Kuzuhahanazonocho, Hirakata 573-1121, Osaka, Japan;
| | - Ryuhei Kanda
- Division of Creative and Integrated Medicine, Advanced Medicine Research Center, Translational Research Institute for Medical Innovation (TRIMI), Osaka Dental University, 8-1 Kuzuhahanazonocho, Hirakata 573-1121, Osaka, Japan;
| | - Aki Nishiura
- Department of Orthodontics, Osaka Dental University, 8-1 Kuzuhahanazonocho, Hirakata 573-1121, Osaka, Japan; (R.Z.); (A.N.); (N.M.)
| | - Yoshiya Hashimoto
- Department of Biomaterials, Osaka Dental University, 8-1 Kuzuhahanazonocho, Hirakata 573-1121, Osaka, Japan;
| | - Naoyuki Matsumoto
- Department of Orthodontics, Osaka Dental University, 8-1 Kuzuhahanazonocho, Hirakata 573-1121, Osaka, Japan; (R.Z.); (A.N.); (N.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Surface Treatments of PEEK for Osseointegration to Bone. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13030464. [PMID: 36979399 PMCID: PMC10046336 DOI: 10.3390/biom13030464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymers, in general, and Poly (Ether-Ether-Ketone) (PEEK) have emerged as potential alternatives to conventional osseous implant biomaterials. Due to its distinct advantages over metallic implants, PEEK has been gaining increasing attention as a prime candidate for orthopaedic and dental implants. However, PEEK has a highly hydrophobic and bioinert surface that attenuates the differentiation and proliferation of osteoblasts and leads to implant failure. Several improvements have been made to the osseointegration potential of PEEK, which can be classified into three main categories: (1) surface functionalization with bioactive agents by physical or chemical means; (2) incorporation of bioactive materials either as surface coatings or as composites; and (3) construction of three-dimensionally porous structures on its surfaces. The physical treatments, such as plasma treatments of various elements, accelerated neutron beams, or conventional techniques like sandblasting and laser or ultraviolet radiation, change the micro-geometry of the implant surface. The chemical treatments change the surface composition of PEEK and should be titrated at the time of exposure. The implant surface can be incorporated with a bioactive material that should be selected following the desired use, loading condition, and antimicrobial load around the implant. For optimal results, a combination of the methods above is utilized to compensate for the limitations of individual methods. This review summarizes these methods and their combinations for optimizing the surface of PEEK for utilization as an implanted biomaterial.
Collapse
|
4
|
|
5
|
Xiao T, Fan L, Liu R, Huang X, Wang S, Xiao L, Pang Y, Li D, Liu J, Min Y. Fabrication of Dexamethasone-Loaded Dual-Metal-Organic Frameworks on Polyetheretherketone Implants with Bacteriostasis and Angiogenesis Properties for Promoting Bone Regeneration. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:50836-50850. [PMID: 34689546 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c18088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) is a biocompatible polymer, but its clinical application is largely limited due to its inert surface. To solve this problem, a multifunctional PEEK implant is urgently fabricated. In this work, a dual-metal-organic framework (Zn-Mg-MOF74) coating is bonded to PEEK using a mussel-inspired polydopamine interlayer to prepare the coating, and then, dexamethasone (DEX) is loaded on the coating surface. The PEEK surface with the multifunctional coating provides superior hydrophilicity and favorable stability and forms an alkaline microenvironment when Mg2+, Zn2+, 2,5-dihydroxyterephthalic acid, and DEX are released due to the coating degradation. In vitro results showed that the multifunctional coating has strong antibacterial ability against both Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus; it also improves human umbilical vein endothelial cell angiogenic ability and enhances rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell osteogenic differentiation activity. Furthermore, the in vivo rat subcutaneous infection model, chicken chorioallantoic membrane model, and rat femoral drilling model verify that the PEEK implant coated with the multifunctional coating has strong antibacterial and angiogenic ability and promotes the formation of new bone around the implant with a stronger bone-implant interface. Our findings indicate that DEX loaded on the Zn-Mg-MOF74 coating-modified PEEK implant with bacteriostasis, angiogenesis, and osteogenesis properties has great clinical application potential as bone graft materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianhua Xiao
- School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Lei Fan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Rongtao Liu
- School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xingwen Huang
- School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shihuan Wang
- Child Developmental & Behavioral Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No.600, Tianhe Road, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Liangang Xiao
- School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yiyu Pang
- School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Da Li
- School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jia Liu
- School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yonggang Min
- School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gu X, Sun X, Sun Y, Wang J, Liu Y, Yu K, Wang Y, Zhou Y. Bioinspired Modifications of PEEK Implants for Bone Tissue Engineering. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 8:631616. [PMID: 33511108 PMCID: PMC7835420 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.631616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, polyetheretherketone (PEEK) has been increasingly employed as an implant material in clinical applications. Although PEEK is biocompatible, chemically stable, and radiolucent and has an elastic modulus similar to that of natural bone, it suffers from poor integration with surrounding bone tissue after implantation. To improve the bioactivity of PEEK, numerous strategies for functionalizing the PEEK surface and changing the PEEK structure have been proposed. Inspired by the components, structure, and function of bone tissue, this review discusses strategies to enhance the biocompatibility of PEEK implants and provides direction for fabricating multifunctional implants in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yanmin Zhou
- Department of Oral Implantology, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tao Y, Cai K, Liu S, Zhang Y, Chi Z, Xu J. Pseudo target release behavior of simvastatin through pH-responsive polymer based on dynamic imine bonds: Promotes rapid proliferation of osteoblasts. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 113:110979. [PMID: 32487396 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.110979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In this article, a simvastatin loaded pentaerythritol tetra(3-mercaptopropionate)-allylurea-poly(ethylene glycol) (SIM-loaded PETMP-AU-PEG) polymer with excellent biocompatibility by means of in-situ loading method was synthesized. The presence of the imine bonds has given the polymer system an excellent response performance to weak acidic environment. Specifically, for the SIM-loaded polymer, the simvastatin cumulative release dose is only 2.2% in the first 2 h, and the first 32 h of the cumulative release dose is less than 10% in pH 7.4; However, in pH 6.0, the first 2 h of the cumulative release dose is 65.2%, and the first 32 h of the cumulative release dose is almost 100%. MC3T3-E1 osteoblast cell culture experiments show that the SIM-loaded polymer at pH 6.0 can accelerate the proliferation of osteoblasts significantly, which is expected to promote the rapid proliferation of bone cells in clinical applications and accelerate the healing of the lesion region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yangchun Tao
- PCFM Lab, GD HPPC Lab, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510275, China
| | - Kuan Cai
- PCFM Lab, GD HPPC Lab, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510275, China
| | - Siwei Liu
- PCFM Lab, GD HPPC Lab, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510275, China.
| | - Yi Zhang
- PCFM Lab, GD HPPC Lab, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510275, China
| | - Zhenguo Chi
- PCFM Lab, GD HPPC Lab, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510275, China
| | - Jiarui Xu
- PCFM Lab, GD HPPC Lab, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510275, China
| |
Collapse
|