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Li F, Zhao P, Wang S, Luo W, Xia Y, Li D, He L, Zhao J. Babesia duncani Pyruvate Kinase Inhibitor Screening and Identification of Key Active Amino Acid Residues. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1141. [PMID: 38930523 PMCID: PMC11205445 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12061141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Babesia duncani (B. duncani), a protozoan parasite prevalent in North America, is a significant threat for human health. Given the regulatory role of pyruvate kinase I (PyK I) in glycolytic metabolism flux and ATP generation, PyK I has been considered the target for drug intervention for a long time. In this study, B. duncani PyK I (BdPyK I) was successfully cloned, expressed, and purified. Polyclonal antibodies were confirmed to recognize the native BdPyK I protein (56 kDa) using Western blotting. AlphaFold software predicted the three-dimensional structure of BdPyK I, and molecular docking with small molecules was conducted to identify potential binding sites of inhibitor on BdPyK I. Moreover, inhibitory effects of six inhibitors (tannic acid, apigenin, shikonin, PKM2 inhibitor, rosiglitazone, and pioglitazone) on BdPyK I were examined under the optimal enzymatic conditions of 3 mM PEP and 3 mM ADP, and significant activity reduction was found. Enzyme kinetics and growth inhibition assays further confirmed the reliability of these inhibitors, with PKM2 inhibitor, tannic acid, and apigenin exhibiting the highest selectivity index as specific inhibitors for B. duncani. Subsequently, key amino acid residues were mutated in both BdPyK I and Homo sapiens pyruvate kinase I (HPyK I), and two differential amino acid residues (isoleucine and phenylalanine) were identified between HPyK I and BdPyK I through PyK activity detection experiments. These findings lay foundation for understanding the role of PyK I in the growth and development of B. duncani, providing insights for babesiosis prevention and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangjie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (F.L.); (P.Z.); (S.W.); (W.L.); (Y.X.); (D.L.); (L.H.)
| | - Pengfei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (F.L.); (P.Z.); (S.W.); (W.L.); (Y.X.); (D.L.); (L.H.)
| | - Sen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (F.L.); (P.Z.); (S.W.); (W.L.); (Y.X.); (D.L.); (L.H.)
| | - Wanxin Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (F.L.); (P.Z.); (S.W.); (W.L.); (Y.X.); (D.L.); (L.H.)
| | - Yingjun Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (F.L.); (P.Z.); (S.W.); (W.L.); (Y.X.); (D.L.); (L.H.)
| | - Dongfang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (F.L.); (P.Z.); (S.W.); (W.L.); (Y.X.); (D.L.); (L.H.)
| | - Lan He
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (F.L.); (P.Z.); (S.W.); (W.L.); (Y.X.); (D.L.); (L.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture of the People’s Republic of China, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Junlong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (F.L.); (P.Z.); (S.W.); (W.L.); (Y.X.); (D.L.); (L.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture of the People’s Republic of China, Wuhan 430070, China
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Lv Z, Wang Z, Wu S, Yu X. Enhanced catalytic performance of penicillin G acylase by covalent immobilization onto functionally-modified magnetic Ni0.4Cu0.5Zn0.1Fe2O4 nanoparticles. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0297149. [PMID: 38241311 PMCID: PMC10798532 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
With the emergence of penicillin resistance, the development of novel antibiotics has become an urgent necessity. Semi-synthetic penicillin has emerged as a promising alternative to traditional penicillin. The demand for the crucial intermediate, 6-aminopicillanic acid (6-APA), is on the rise. Enzyme catalysis is the primary method employed for its production. However, due to certain limitations, the strategy of enzyme immobilization has also gained prominence. The magnetic Ni0.4Cu0.5Zn0.1Fe2O4 nanoparticles were successfully prepared by a rapid-combustion method. Sodium silicate was used to modify the surface of the Ni0.4Cu0.5Zn0.1Fe2O4 nanoparticles to obtain silica-coated nanoparticles (Ni0.4Cu0.5Zn0.1Fe2O4-SiO2). Subsequently, in order to better crosslink PGA, the nanoparticles were modified again with glutaraldehyde to obtain glutaraldehyde crosslinked Ni0.4Cu0.5Zn0.1Fe2O4-SiO2-GA nanoparticles which could immobilize the PGA. The structure of the PGA protein was analyzed by the PyMol program and the immobilization strategy was determined. The conditions of PGA immobilization were investigated, including immobilization time and PGA concentration. Finally, the enzymological properties of the immobilized and free PGA were compared. The optimum catalytic pH of immobilized and free PGA was 8.0, and the optimum catalytic temperature of immobilized PGA was 50°C, 5°C higher than that of free PGA. Immobilized PGA in a certain pH and temperature range showed better catalytic stability. Vmax and Km of immobilized PGA were 0.3727 μmol·min-1 and 0.0436 mol·L-1, and the corresponding free PGA were 0.7325 μmol·min-1 and 0.0227 mol·L-1. After five cycles, the immobilized enzyme activity was still higher than 25%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixiang Lv
- The People’s Hospital of Danyang, Affiliated Danyang Hospital of Nantong University, Zhenjiang, 212300, P.R. China
| | - Zhou Wang
- Vanadium and Titanium Resource Comprehensive Utilization Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Vanadium and Titanium, Panzhihua University, Panzhihua, 617000, P.R. China
| | - Shaobo Wu
- Zhenjiang Hospital of Chinese Traditional and Western Medicine, Zhenjiang, 212013, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Yu
- Vanadium and Titanium Resource Comprehensive Utilization Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Vanadium and Titanium, Panzhihua University, Panzhihua, 617000, P.R. China
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Wu G, Tu H, Niu F, Lu S, Liu Y, Gao K, Chen Z, Wang P, Li Z. Synthesis of polymer-functionalized β-cyclodextrin, Mg2+ doped, coating magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticle carriers for penicillin G acylase immobilization. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.130609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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