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Fu X, Du W, Huang L, Ren X, Chen D. Endophthalmitis: a bibliometric study and visualization analysis from 1993 to 2023. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1355397. [PMID: 39081867 PMCID: PMC11286575 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1355397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Aims This study is designed to generalize and depict the research hotspots of endophthalmitis through bibliometric methods and software and analyze the evolutive tendency of the work on this severe disease over the past 30 years. Methods This study employed a rigorous bibliometric approach. We identified all endophthalmitis-related literature by conducting a comprehensive search of the Science Citation Index Expanded database under the Web of Science Core Collection. The data was then analyzed and visualized using CiteSpace and VOSviewer, two widely recognized software tools in the field of bibliometrics. CiteSpace was used to analyze the country distributions, dual map overlay of journals, keyword bursts, and co-cited references. VOSviewer was employed to describe the authors and co-cited authors, the journals, the co-cited journals, and the keywords co-occurrence network. This robust methodology ensures the reliability and validity of the study's findings. Results A total of 2960 publications, including 2695 articles and 265 reviews, were included in this bibliometric study. There has been no shortage of endophthalmitis-related publications since 1993, with an apparent upward trend during recent years. Possible correlations with the COVID-19 pandemic are also analyzed. These studies were finished by 11,048 authors from 75 countries worldwide, with the United States in the lead. In the keyword co-occurrence network, except for the endophthalmitis term, cataract surgery becomes the keyword with the highest frequency. Different categories of endophthalmitis, including postoperative, post-injection, post-traumatic, and endogenous endophthalmitis, and antibacterial and anti-inflammatory therapies of infectious endophthalmitis, are discussed by categories. From the perspective of the timeline, postoperative and post-injection endophthalmitis were the dominant forms before and after the year 2000, respectively. Co-citation analyses reveal that the Endophthalmitis Vitrectomy Study (EVS) conducted in 1995 provides pivotal guidance for later research. Diverse pathogenic bacteria (e.g., Coagulase-negative Staphylococci, Propionibacterium acnes, Viridians Streptococci, and Bacillus cereus) or fungi (e.g., Candida, Aspergillus, and Fusarium) contribute to varying treatment principles and clinical prognosis, which should be taken seriously. In addition, intravitreal and intracameral antibiotics are the mainstay for treating and preventing infectious endophthalmitis, respectively. Conclusion Our bibliometric analysis provides an overview of dynamic evolution and structural relationships in the research field of endophthalmitis. The displayed hotspots and developmental directions have reference values for future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Fu
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Research Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, Eye Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenyu Du
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Research Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, Eye Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Research Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, Eye Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiang Ren
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Research Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, Eye Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Danian Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Research Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, Eye Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Ng HW, Scott DAR, Danesh-Meyer HV, Smith JR, McGhee CN, Niederer RL. Ocular manifestations of COVID-19. Prog Retin Eye Res 2024; 102:101285. [PMID: 38925508 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2024.101285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
There is an increasing body of knowledge regarding how COVID-19 may be associated with ocular disease of varying severity and duration. This article discusses the literature on the ocular manifestations associated with COVID-19, including appraisal of the current evidence, suggested mechanisms of action, associated comorbidities and risk factors, timing from initial infection to diagnosis and clinical red flags. The current literature primarily comprises case reports and case series which inevitably lack control groups and evidence to support causality. However, these early data have prompted the development of larger population-based and laboratory studies that are emerging. As new data become available, a better appraisal of the true effects of COVID-19 on the eye will be possible. While the COVID-19 pandemic was officially declared no longer a "global health emergency" by the World Health Organization (WHO) in May 2023, case numbers continue to rise. Reinfection with different variants is predicted to lead to a growing cumulative burden of disease, particularly as more chronic, multi-organ sequelae become apparent with potentially significant ocular implications. COVID-19 ocular manifestations are postulated to be due to three main mechanisms: firstly, there is a dysregulated immune response to the initial infection linked to inflammatory eye disease; secondly, patients with COVID-19 have a greater tendency towards a hypercoagulable state, leading to prothrombotic events; thirdly, patients with severe COVID-19 requiring hospitalisation and are immunosuppressed due to administered corticosteroids or comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus are at an increased risk of secondary infections, including endophthalmitis and rhino-orbital-mucormycosis. Reported ophthalmic associations with COVID-19, therefore, include a range of conditions such as conjunctivitis, scleritis, uveitis, endogenous endophthalmitis, corneal graft rejection, retinal artery and vein occlusion, non-arteritic ischaemic optic neuropathy, glaucoma, neurological and orbital sequelae. With the need to consider telemedicine consultation in view of COVID-19's infectivity, understanding the range of ocular conditions that may present during or following infection is essential to ensure patients are appropriately triaged, with prompt in-person ocular examination for management of potentially sight-threatening and life-threatening diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah W Ng
- Department of Ophthalmology, New Zealand National Eye Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, NZ, New Zealand
| | - Daniel A R Scott
- Department of Ophthalmology, New Zealand National Eye Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, NZ, New Zealand
| | - Helen V Danesh-Meyer
- Department of Ophthalmology, New Zealand National Eye Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, NZ, New Zealand
| | - Justine R Smith
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Charles Nj McGhee
- Department of Ophthalmology, New Zealand National Eye Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, NZ, New Zealand
| | - Rachael L Niederer
- Department of Ophthalmology, New Zealand National Eye Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, NZ, New Zealand.
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Samanta R, Jayaraj S, Mittal SK, Kumari J, Naharwal A, Agrawal A. Post-COVID-19 endogenous endophthalmitis case series and review of literature. Indian J Ophthalmol 2023; 71:3677-3683. [PMID: 37991303 PMCID: PMC10788740 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_3079_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe a series of post-coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) endogenous endophthalmitis (EE) patients from a multispecialty tertiary hospital in North India. METHODS A retrospective chart review including all consecutive cases with EE following confirmed COVID-19 disease from July 2020 to June 2021. RESULTS Seven eyes of four patients (three female and one male) were included. Two patients had confirmed bilateral fungal (Aspergillus sp.) EE and two patients had presumed fungal EE (one bilateral and one unilateral). Three of these four patients received systemic steroids as part of COVID-19 treatment previously. Five eyes were managed with initial intravitreal injection (IVI), followed by pars plana vitrectomy (PPV), and two eyes were managed with only IVI. All patients received systemic antifungal agents. Intraocular inflammation resolved in all eyes with treatment. One patient of EE also developed voriconazole-induced transient visual hallucination, which resolved on discontinuing the medication. CONCLUSION This case series represents a series of EE cases following COVID-19 disease or its sequelae or as a result of prior treatment for COVID-19. Ophthalmologists and physicians must be vigilant about these complications and initiate prompt management at the earliest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramanuj Samanta
- Department of Ophthalmology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Sreeram Jayaraj
- Department of Ophthalmology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Sanjeev K Mittal
- Department of Ophthalmology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Jyoti Kumari
- Department of Ophthalmology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Aarshi Naharwal
- Department of Ophthalmology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Ajai Agrawal
- Department of Ophthalmology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
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Lin TPH, Sen M, Gupta V, Agrawal R, Lanzetta P, Giannaccare G, Chan CKM, Agrawal K, Menia NK, Rojas-Carabali W, Arora A, Martinuzzi D, Taloni A, Rubinato L, Coco G, Sarao V, Veritti D, Chen L, Honavar SG, Lam DSC. Update on coronavirus disease 2019: Ophthalmic Manifestations and Adverse Reactions to Vaccination. Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila) 2023; 12:512-536. [PMID: 38117598 DOI: 10.1097/apo.0000000000000647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 was one of the most devastating public health issues in recent decades. The ophthalmology community is as concerned about the COVID-19 pandemic as the global public health community is, as COVID-19 was recognized to affect multiple organs in the human body, including the eyes, early in the course of the outbreak. Ophthalmic manifestations of COVID-19 are highly variable and could range from mild ocular surface abnormalities to potentially sight and life-threatening orbital and neuro-ophthalmic diseases. Furthermore, ophthalmic manifestations may also be the presenting or the only findings in COVID-19 infections. Meanwhile, global vaccination campaigns to attain herd immunity in different populations are the major strategy to mitigate the pandemic. As novel vaccinations against COVID-19 emerged, so were reports on adverse ophthalmic reactions potentially related to such. As the world enters a post-pandemic state where COVID-19 continues to exist and evolve as an endemic globally, the ophthalmology community ought to be aware of and keep abreast of the latest knowledge of ophthalmic associations with COVID-19 and its vaccinations. This review is a summary of the latest literature on the ophthalmic manifestations of COVID-19 and the adverse ophthalmic reactions related to its vaccinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy P H Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Eye Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mrittika Sen
- Ocular Oncology and Ophthalmic Plastic Surgery Services, Raghunath Netralaya, Mumbai, India
| | - Vishali Gupta
- Department of Ophthalmology, Advanced Eye Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Rupesh Agrawal
- Lee Kong Chiang School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
- Moorfields Eye Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, The Academia, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Paolo Lanzetta
- Department of Medicine-Ophthalmology, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
- Istituto Europeo di Microchirurgia Oculare, Udine, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Giannaccare
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Eye Clinic, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Carmen K M Chan
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Eye Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kajal Agrawal
- Lee Kong Chiang School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Nitin Kumar Menia
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - William Rojas-Carabali
- Lee Kong Chiang School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
| | - Atul Arora
- Department of Ophthalmology, Advanced Eye Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | | | - Andrea Taloni
- University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Leopoldo Rubinato
- Department of Medicine-Ophthalmology, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Giulia Coco
- Department of Clinical Science and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Sarao
- Department of Medicine-Ophthalmology, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
- Istituto Europeo di Microchirurgia Oculare, Udine, Italy
| | - Daniele Veritti
- Department of Medicine-Ophthalmology, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Lizhen Chen
- C-MER (Shenzhen) Dennis Lam Eye Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Santosh G Honavar
- Ocular Oncology and Ophthalmic Plastic Surgery Services, Centre for Sight Eye Hospital, Hyderabad, India
| | - Dennis S C Lam
- The International Eye Research Institute of The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, China
- The C-MER Dennis Lam and Partners Eye Center, C-MER International Eye Care Group, Hong Kong, China
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Tugal-Tutkun I, Smit DP, Cunningham ET, Thorne JE. From the Editors. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2023; 31:1115-1116. [PMID: 37523654 DOI: 10.1080/09273948.2023.2226027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ilknur Tugal-Tutkun
- The Department of Ophthalmology, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Eye Protection Foundation Bayrampasa Eye Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Derrick P Smit
- The Division of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Emmett T Cunningham
- The Department of Ophthalmology, California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
- The Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- The Francis I. Proctor Foundation, UCSF School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jennifer E Thorne
- The Department of Ophthalmology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- The Department of Epidemiology, The Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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