Thomas AT, Waite J, Williams CA, Kirk J, Oliver C, Richards C. Phenotypic characteristics and variability in CHARGE syndrome: a PRISMA compliant systematic review and meta-analysis.
J Neurodev Disord 2022;
14:49. [PMID:
36045324 PMCID:
PMC9429597 DOI:
10.1186/s11689-022-09459-5]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
CHARGE syndrome (OMIM #214800) is a phenotypically complex genetic condition characterised by multi-system, multi-sensory impairments. Behavioural, psychological, cognitive and sleep difficulties are not well delineated and are likely associated with biopsychosocial factors.
Methods
This meta-analysis investigated the prevalence of clinical features, physical characteristics and conditions, behavioural, psychological, cognitive and sleep characteristics in CHARGE syndrome, and statistically evaluated directional associations between these characteristics. Pooled prevalence estimates were calculated using reliable, prespecified quality weighting criteria, and meta-regression was conducted to identify associations between characteristics.
Results
Of the 42 eligible studies, data could be extracted for 1675 participants. Prevalence estimates were highest for developmental delay (84%), intellectual disability (64%), aggressive behaviour (48%), self-injurious behaviour (44%) and sleep difficulties (45%). Meta-regression indicated significant associations between intellectual disability and choanal atresia, intellectual disability and inner ear anomalies, sleep difficulties and growth deficiency, and sleep difficulties and gross motor difficulties.
Conclusions
Our comprehensive review of clinical features, behavioural, psychological, cognitive and physical characteristics, conditions and comorbidities in CHARGE syndrome provides an empirically based foundation to further research and practice.
Supplementary Information
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s11689-022-09459-5.
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