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Jolly C, Jover M, Danna J. Dysgraphia Differs Between Children With Developmental Coordination Disorder and/or Reading Disorder. JOURNAL OF LEARNING DISABILITIES 2024:222194231223528. [PMID: 38284390 DOI: 10.1177/00222194231223528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Handwriting deficits, or dysgraphia, are present in several neurodevelopmental disorders. To investigate whether dysgraphia differs according to the associated disorder, we performed a detailed analysis of handwriting in children with developmental coordination disorders (DCD), reading disorder (RD), or comorbid RD and DCD. Handwriting deficits were investigated at the product (quality of the trace) and the process (movement that generates the trace) levels. Nineteen children with singular RD (among which eight with dysgraphia), 13 children with singular DCD (among which seven with dysgraphia), 16 children with comorbid RD+DCD (among which 11 with dysgraphia), and 20 typically developing children, age 7 to 12, performed the BHK (Brave Handwriting Kinder) test, a standardized assessment of handwriting, on a graphic tablet. Developmental coordination disorders primarily affected handwriting quality, while RD affected slowness and, to a lesser extent, quality. Children with RD, solely or comorbid with DCD, wasted time by lifting and stopping the pen when writing. The comorbidity added to but did not worsen, handwriting difficulties. These results reflect distinct motor impairments and/or strategies in children with DCD or RD. We identified subtypes of dysgraphia and advocated for a fine-grained analysis of the writing process and the assessment of motor and reading skills when studying dysgraphia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Jolly
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, CNRS, LPNC, France
| | - Marianne Jover
- Aix Marseille Université, PSYCLE, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Jérémy Danna
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, LNC, Marseille, France
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2
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Decoding gender differences: Intellectual profiles of children with specific learning disabilities. INTELLIGENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intell.2021.101615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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3
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A sensorimotor representation impairment in dyslexic adults: A specific profile of comorbidy. Neuropsychologia 2021; 165:108134. [PMID: 34953794 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2021.108134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Sensorimotor disorders have been frequently reported in children and adults with dyslexia over the past 30 years. The present study aimed to determine the impact of sensorimotor comorbidity risks in dyslexia by investigating the functional links between phonological and sensorimotor representations in young dyslexic adults. Using 52 dyslexic participants and 58 normo-readers, we investigated whether the underlying phonological deficit, which is reported in the literature, was associated with a general impairment of sensorimotor representations of articulatory and bodily actions. Internal action representations were explored through motor imagery tasks, consisting of measuring and comparing the durations of performed or imagined actions chosen from their current repertoire of daily life activities. To detect sensorimotor deficits, all participants completed the extended version of the M-ABC 2, as a reference test. We found sensorimotor impairments in 27% of the young adult dyslexics, then considered as sensorimotor comorbid, as opposed to much less in the normo-reader group (5%). While motor slowdown, reflecting motor difficulty, was present in all dyslexic adults, motor imagery performance was impacted only in the specific dyslexic subgroup with sensorimotor impairments. Moreover, in contrast with slowness, only the comorbid subgroup showed an increased variability in execution durations. The present study highlights the importance of the quality of perception-action coupling, questions the relevance of investigating sensorimotor impairment profiles beyond phonological deficits and provides new arguments supporting the perspective of multiple deficits approaches in dyslexia.
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Bellocchi S, Ducrot S. "Same, same but different": The optimal viewing position effect in developmental dyslexia, developmental coordination disorder and comorbid disorders. DYSLEXIA (CHICHESTER, ENGLAND) 2021; 27:294-311. [PMID: 34080259 DOI: 10.1002/dys.1688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The optimal viewing position (OVP) effect indicates that words are identified most quickly when the eyes fixate near the word centre in alphabetic languages. In two studies, we tested OVP in typically developing readers and children with developmental dyslexia (DD), developmental coordination disorder (DCD) and with both disorders (DD + DCD), using a variable-viewing-position technique. Study 1 showed that typically developing readers had developed highly automatized procedures of left-to-right attentional scanning resulting in an inverted J-shape VP curve comparable to what is observed in adult readers and that dyslexics showed non-prototypical one. In Study 2, we observed more typical procedures of left-to-right attentional scanning in children with DCD, isolated or comorbid, compared to DD. Moreover, given the absence of significant group differences between children with DD + DCD and children with isolated DD or DCD, our results reinforce the idea that the comorbid condition does not add to the severity of OVP anomalies. We then concluded that OVP atypicalities are specific to children with DD. Finally, we discussed the usefulness of the OVP effect as a clinical tool to identify possible OVP atypicalities that could be specific of some neurodevelopmental disorders (i.e., DD, DCD or DCD + DD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Bellocchi
- Laboratoire EPSYLON EA 4556, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, Montpellier, France
| | - Stéphanie Ducrot
- Laboratoire Parole et Langage, Aix-Marseille University & CNRS, Aix-en-Provence, France
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Lachambre C, Proteau-Lemieux M, Lepage JF, Bussières EL, Lippé S. Attentional and executive functions in children and adolescents with developmental coordination disorder and the influence of comorbid disorders: A systematic review of the literature. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0252043. [PMID: 34086687 PMCID: PMC8177544 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Developmental coordination disorder (DCD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder affecting primarily motor skills, but attentional and executive impairments are common in affected individuals. Moreover, the presence of neurodevelopmental comorbidities is frequent in this population, which certainly influences the cognitive profile of the children concerned. Previous studies have reported deficits in visuospatial/nonverbal and planning tasks. This systematic review of the literature aims to determine if impairments can be found in other attentional and executive functions as well. The type of cognitive tasks, the tasks’ modality (verbal/nonverbal), and the influence of comorbid disorders on attentional and executive profiles are systematically considered. Forty-one studies were identified through the PubMed/Medline and PsycINFO databases according to pre-established eligibility criteria. The results reveal weaknesses in inhibitory control, working memory, planning, nonverbal fluency, and general executive functioning in children with DCD. The presence of comorbid disorders seemingly contributes to the verbal working memory difficulties findings. This review contributes to a better understanding of the cognitive impairments in DCD and of the needs of children with this disorder, allowing to optimize practitioners’ therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Lachambre
- Department of Psychology, Succursale Centre-Ville, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | | | - Eve-Line Bussières
- Department of Psychology, University of Quebec at Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sarah Lippé
- Department of Psychology, Succursale Centre-Ville, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- * E-mail:
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6
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Downing C, Caravolas M. Prevalence and Cognitive Profiles of Children With Comorbid Literacy and Motor Disorders. Front Psychol 2020; 11:573580. [PMID: 33362640 PMCID: PMC7759613 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.573580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a high prevalence of comorbidity between neurodevelopmental disorders. Contemporary research of these comorbidities has led to the development of multifactorial theories of causation, including the multiple deficit model (MDM). While several combinations of disorders have been investigated, the nature of association between literacy and motor disorders remains poorly understood. Comorbid literacy and motor disorders were the focus of the two present studies. In Study 1, we examined the prevalence of comorbid literacy and motor difficulties relative to isolated literacy and motor difficulties in a community sample (N = 605). The prevalence of comorbidity was five times greater than expected by chance alone, implying some relationship between difficulties. In Study 2, we examined the cognitive profiles of children with literacy and motor disorders amongst a subsample of children from Study 1 (N = 153). Children with literacy disorder had deficits in phonological processing, selective attention, and memory whilst children with motor disorder had deficits in visuospatial processing and memory, suggesting the disorders should be considered to have both independent and shared (memory) cognitive risk factors. Children with comorbid literacy and motor disorder demonstrated an additive combination of these deficits. Together, these findings are consistent with predictions from the MDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron Downing
- School of Psychology, Bangor University, Bangor, United Kingdom.,Miles Dyslexia Centre, Bangor University, Bangor, United Kingdom.,Department of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Leeds Trinity University, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Markéta Caravolas
- School of Psychology, Bangor University, Bangor, United Kingdom.,Miles Dyslexia Centre, Bangor University, Bangor, United Kingdom
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Baudou E, Nemmi F, Biotteau M, Maziero S, Assaiante C, Cignetti F, Vaugoyeau M, Audic F, Peran P, Chaix Y. Are morphological and structural MRI characteristics related to specific cognitive impairments in neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) children? Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2020; 28:89-100. [PMID: 32893091 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2020.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION NF1 children have cognitive disorders, especially in executive functions, visuospatial, and language domains, the pathophysiological mechanisms of which are still poorly understood. MATERIALS AND METHODS A correlation study was performed from neuropsychological assessments and brain MRIs of 38 NF1 patients and 42 controls, all right-handed, aged 8-12 years and matched in age and gender. The most discriminating neuropsychological tests were selected to assess their visuospatial, metaphonological and visuospatial working memory abilities. The MRI analyses focused on the presence and location of Unidentified Bright Objects (UBOs) (1), volume analysis (2) and diffusion analysis (fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity) (3) of the regions of interest including subcortical structures and posterior fossa, as well as shape analysis of subcortical structures (4). The level of attention, intelligence quotient, age and gender of the patients were taken into account in the statistical analysis. Then, we studied how diffusion and volumes parameters were associated with neuropsychological characteristics in NF1 children. RESULTS NF1 children present different brain imaging characteristics compared to the control such as (1) UBOs in 68%, (2) enlarged total intracranial volume, involving all subcortical structures, especially thalamus, (3) increased MD and decreased FA in thalamus, corpus callosum and hippocampus. These alterations are diffuse, without shape involvement. In NF1 group, brain microstructure is all the more altered that volumes are enlarged. However, we fail to find a link between these brain characteristics and neurocognitive scores. CONCLUSION While NF1 patients have obvious pathological brain characteristics, the neuronal substrates of their cognitive deficits are still not fully understood, perhaps due to complex and multiple pathophysiological mechanisms underlying this disorder, as suggested by the heterogeneity observed in our study. However, our results are compatible with an interpretation of NF1 as a diffuse white matter disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloïse Baudou
- Children's Hospital, Toulouse-Purpan University Hospital, Toulouse, France; ToNIC, Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, University of Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, France.
| | - Federico Nemmi
- ToNIC, Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, University of Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, France
| | - Maëlle Biotteau
- Children's Hospital, Toulouse-Purpan University Hospital, Toulouse, France; ToNIC, Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, University of Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, France
| | - Stéphanie Maziero
- ToNIC, Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, University of Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, France
| | - Christine Assaiante
- CNRS, LNC, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France; CNRS, Fédération 3C, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Fabien Cignetti
- CNRS, LNC, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France; CNRS, Fédération 3C, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France; CNRS, TIMC-IMAG, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Marianne Vaugoyeau
- CNRS, LNC, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France; CNRS, Fédération 3C, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Frederique Audic
- Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique, CHU, Timone-Enfants, Marseille, France
| | - Patrice Peran
- ToNIC, Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, University of Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, France
| | - Yves Chaix
- Children's Hospital, Toulouse-Purpan University Hospital, Toulouse, France; ToNIC, Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, University of Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, France
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8
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Maziero S, Tallet J, Bellocchi S, Jover M, Chaix Y, Jucla M. Influence of comorbidity on working memory profile in dyslexia and developmental coordination disorder. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 2020; 42:660-674. [DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2020.1798880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Maziero
- Octogone-Lordat, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- ToNIC, Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, Toulouse University, Inserm, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Jessica Tallet
- ToNIC, Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, Toulouse University, Inserm, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Stéphanie Bellocchi
- Epsylon Research Unit EA 4556, Paul-Valéry University, Montpellier 3, France
| | - Marianne Jover
- PSYCLE, Aix Marseille Université, Aix-en- Provence, France
| | - Yves Chaix
- ToNIC, Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, Toulouse University, Inserm, UPS, Toulouse, France
- Hôpital des Enfants, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse; CHU Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | - Mélanie Jucla
- Octogone-Lordat, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
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Cignetti F, Nemmi F, Vaugoyeau M, Girard N, Albaret JM, Chaix Y, Péran P, Assaiante C. Intrinsic Cortico-Subcortical Functional Connectivity in Developmental Dyslexia and Developmental Coordination Disorder. Cereb Cortex Commun 2020; 1:tgaa011. [PMID: 34296090 PMCID: PMC8152893 DOI: 10.1093/texcom/tgaa011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Developmental dyslexia (DD) and developmental coordination disorder (DCD) are distinct diagnostic disorders. However, they also frequently co-occur and may share a common etiology. It was proposed conceptually a neural network framework that explains differences and commonalities between DD and DCD through impairments of distinct or intertwined cortico-subcortical connectivity pathways. The present study addressed this issue by exploring intrinsic cortico-striatal and cortico-cerebellar functional connectivity in a large (n = 136) resting-state fMRI cohort study of 8–12-year-old children with typical development and with DD and/or DCD. We delineated a set of cortico-subcortical functional circuits believed to be associated with the brain’s main functions (visual, somatomotor, dorsal attention, ventral attention, limbic, frontoparietal control, and default-mode). Next, we assessed, using general linear and multiple kernel models, whether and which circuits distinguished between the groups. Findings revealed that somatomotor cortico-cerebellar and frontoparietal cortico-striatal circuits are affected in the presence of DCD, including abnormalities in cortico-cerebellar connections targeting motor-related regions and cortico-striatal connections mapping onto posterior parietal cortex. Thus, DCD but not DD may be considered as an impairment of cortico-subcortical functional circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Cignetti
- University of Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, TIMC-IMAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Federico Nemmi
- ToNIC, Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, 31024 Toulouse, France
| | - Marianne Vaugoyeau
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, LNC, 13331 Marseille, France.,Aix Marseille University, CNRS, Fédération 3C, 13331 Marseille, France
| | - Nadine Girard
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, CRMBM, 13385 Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Michel Albaret
- ToNIC, Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, 31024 Toulouse, France
| | - Yves Chaix
- ToNIC, Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, 31024 Toulouse, France
| | - Patrice Péran
- ToNIC, Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, 31024 Toulouse, France
| | - Christine Assaiante
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, LNC, 13331 Marseille, France.,Aix Marseille University, CNRS, Fédération 3C, 13331 Marseille, France
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10
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Abstract
Among the range of methods available to assess neurodevelopmental disorders, functional MRI (fMRI) has been a preferred tool of choice. Indeed, fMRI can reveal functional alterations in brain networks, irrespective of their structural integrity. Yet, whether fMRI studies have provided unique added value and influenced the clinical care and assessments in children with these conditions remains controversial. This chapter aims to give an overview of the clinical use of task-based as well as resting-state fMRI in children with neurodevelopmental disorders, such as dyslexia, DLD, and epilepsy. We introduce analysis methods that appear promising (namely PPI and machine learning) and describe strengths and limitations of fMRI in the field of pediatrics. Altogether, we suggest that fMRI has provided us with a unique understanding of some developmental conditions. Indeed, findings from group studies have both informed neuroanatomical models and revealed compensation mechanisms. In addition, improvements have made fMRI an increasingly child-friendly method. Nevertheless, clinicians should be aware of limitations, including (1) lack of replication of results, (2) the limited specificity as a diagnostic tool, and (3) difficulties with interpretation of findings. The use of fMRI in the clinic currently remains restricted, with the exception of epilepsy surgery planning, where it is used routinely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédérique Liégeois
- Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuropsychiatry Section, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Rachael Elward
- Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuropsychiatry Section, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College, London, United Kingdom; (2)School of Applied Sciences, London South Bank University, London, United Kingdom
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11
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Biotteau M, Albaret JM, Chaix Y. Developmental coordination disorder. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2020; 174:3-20. [PMID: 32977886 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-64148-9.00001-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Developmental coordination disorder (DCD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects children's ability to execute coordinated motor actions, resulting in slow, clumsy, or inaccurate motor performances and learning difficulties (of new motor tasks or to adapt previously learned gestures to a modified or additional constraint). In the course of development, children with DCD exhibit a diversity of motor signs, including fine and gross motor problems with impaired postural control and balance, and sensorimotor coordination or motor learning difficulties. The prevalence ranges between 1.8% and 8%, depending on the diagnostic criteria used, based on the cutoff of motor scores from standardized scales. Four main hypotheses have been postulated to explain DCD in terms of deficits in visuospatial functions, procedural learning, internal modeling, or executive functions. Neuroimaging studies are scarce but have highlighted several brain regions, including the parietal, frontal, and cerebellar cortices. Meta-analyses have supported task-oriented approaches as effective therapies to improve motor performance in children with DCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maëlle Biotteau
- Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, University of Toulouse, INSERM, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France; Pediatric Neurology Unit, Children's Hospital, Toulouse-Purpan University Hospital, Toulouse, France.
| | - Jean-Michel Albaret
- Psychomotricity Training Institute, University of Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Yves Chaix
- Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, University of Toulouse, INSERM, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France; Pediatric Neurology Unit, Children's Hospital, Toulouse-Purpan University Hospital, Toulouse, France
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12
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McDowell M. Specific learning disability. J Paediatr Child Health 2018; 54:1077-1083. [PMID: 30294983 DOI: 10.1111/jpc.14168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Specific learning disabilities (SLD) have an impact on discrete areas of academic function. They result in a level of difficulty that is unexpected when considered in the context of a student's overall intellectual and academic competence. A common example is dyslexia, an SLD that affects the acquisition of literacy. Medical professionals have an important role to play in the evaluation and management of SLD. The medical role is founded on the fact that these conditions are biologically based and have the potential to cause significant harm for the developing child. Even if details of biological causation are not possible to demonstrate for individual children, medical professionals may, nevertheless, make an important judgement call regarding the likelihood of aetiology. When learning problems are medically based, it is clearly unreasonable to expect children to do more than they are able and to learn faster than is reasonable. Advocacy around these biological presumptions and their implications is a major contribution to the well-being of children who have SLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael McDowell
- School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Child Development Network, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Neurodevelopmental and Behavioural Paediatric Society of Australasia (https://nbpsa.org/)
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13
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Abstract
Zusammenfassung. Die umschriebene Entwicklungsstörung der motorischen Funktionen (UEMF) zählt zu den häufigsten Entwicklungsabweichungen des Kindesalters. Charakteristisch sind Defizite der Fein- und Grobmotorik, denen ursächlich keine sensorischen, neurologischen oder kognitiven Einschränkungen zugrunde liegen. Verschiedene Studien belegen, dass Kinder mit einer UEMF auch kognitive Defizite in der visuellen Wahrnehmung, in ihren Aufmerksamkeits- und Arbeitsgedächtnisleistungen aufweisen. Das Ziel ist es daher, den Einfluss dieser kognitiven Teilleistungsdefizite auf die Intelligenzleistungen von Kindern mit UEMF zu untersuchen und zu überprüfen, ob Kinder mit UEMF ein spezifisches Intelligenzprofil aufweisen. Die Datenbanken Web of Science und PubMed wurden entsprechend nach deutsch- und englischsprachigen Beiträgen für den Zeitraum 2007 bis 2017 durchsucht. Lediglich fünf Studien erfüllten die Auswahlkriterien. Die Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass Kinder mit einer UEMF geringere Testleistungen im Gesamt-IQ aufweisen. Auf Skalenebene konnten insbesondere geringere Testleistungen in der Handlungsskala der WPPSI-III bzw. dem Wahrnehmungsgebundenen Logischen Denken der WISC-IV sowie in der Verarbeitungsgeschwindigkeit nachgewiesen werden. Die sprachlichen Leistungen der Kinder mit UEMF scheinen zumindest ab dem Grundschulalter unbeeinträchtigt. Testverfahren, die auf den Wechsler-Skalen basieren, stellen ein ökonomisches Instrument dar, um kognitive Leistungsdefizite orientierend im Zusammenhang mit einer UEMF abzubilden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Jaščenoka
- Zentrum für Klinische Psychologie und Rehabilitation der Universität Bremen
| | - Franz Petermann
- Zentrum für Klinische Psychologie und Rehabilitation der Universität Bremen
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14
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Otero TM. Brief review of fluid reasoning: Conceptualization, neurobasis, and applications. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY-CHILD 2017; 6:204-211. [PMID: 28489412 DOI: 10.1080/21622965.2017.1317484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
In the early part of the twentieth century the value of nonverbal tests was initially recognized by Yoakum and Yerkes when they wrote how examinees could fail a verbal test of general ability because of limited skills in English. When these examinees were then tested with a nonverbal test of ability, they often performed well, and therefore this approach avoided "injustice by reason of relative unfamiliarity with English." Measuring cognitive ability with nonverbal measures that do not require verbal skills has been supported now for nearly a century. Research has demonstrated that a person's general ability can be measured validly and reliably without requiring the student to read, write, or speak. The neuroanatomical and neuro-anatomical basis for FR is well established and focuses on the frontal-parietal system, and the use of FR measures is a common practice. In this brief article the current conceptualization of Fluid Reasoning (FR) is examined, I suggest how popular used constructs on other common cognitive tests can be conceptualized as a variant of FR. Then, the general neuroanatomical substrates and networks are revisited, followed by summarizing some of the practical scenarios for measuring FR may be useful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tulio M Otero
- a School Psychology & Clinical Psychology Departments, The Chicago School of Professional Psychology , Chicago , Illinois , USA
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