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Jiménez-Salazar JE, Rivera-Escobar RM, Damián-Ferrara R, Maldonado-Cubas J, Rincón-Pérez C, Tarragó-Castellanos R, Damián-Matsumura P. Estradiol-Induced Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition and Migration Are Inhibited by Blocking c-Src Kinase in Breast Cancer Cell Lines. J Breast Cancer 2023; 26:446-460. [PMID: 37704382 PMCID: PMC10625871 DOI: 10.4048/jbc.2023.26.e37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is the main event that favors cell migration and metastasis in breast cancer. Previously, we demonstrated that 1 nM estradiol (E2) promotes EMT, induced by c-Src kinase, causing changes in the localization of proteins that compose the tight junction (TJ) and adherens junction (AJ). METHODS The present work highlights the central role of c-Src in the initiation of metastasis, induced by E2, through increasing the ability of MCF-7 and T47-D cells, which express estrogen receptor alpha (ERα), to migrate and invade before they become metastatic. RESULTS Treatment with E2 can activate two signaling pathways, the first one by the phosphorylated c-Src (p-Src) which forms the p-Src/E-cadherin complex. This phenomenon was completely prevented by incubation with a selective inhibitor of c-Src (5 µM PP2). p-Src then promotes the downregulation of E-cadherin and occludin, which are epithelial phenotype marker proteins of the AJ and TJ, respectively. In the second pathway, E2 binds to ERα, creating a complex that translocates to the nucleus, inducing the synthesis of SNAIL1 and N-cadherin proteins, markers of the mesenchymal phenotype. Both processes increased the migratory and invasive capacities of both cell lines. CONCLUSION The present study demonstrate that E2 enhance EMT and migration, through c-Src activation, in human breast cancer cells that express ERα and become potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier E Jiménez-Salazar
- Department of Biology of Reproduction, Biological Sciences and Health Division (DCBS), Autonomous Metropolitan University (UAM), Mexico City, México
- Escuela Militar de Graduados de Sanidad, Secretaría de la Defensa Nacional (SEDENA), Mexico City, México
| | - Rene M Rivera-Escobar
- Department of Biology of Reproduction, Biological Sciences and Health Division (DCBS), Autonomous Metropolitan University (UAM), Mexico City, México
| | - Rebeca Damián-Ferrara
- Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher Education (ITESM), School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey, México
| | | | - Catalina Rincón-Pérez
- Escuela Militar de Graduados de Sanidad, Secretaría de la Defensa Nacional (SEDENA), Mexico City, México
| | - Rosario Tarragó-Castellanos
- Department of Biology of Reproduction, Biological Sciences and Health Division (DCBS), Autonomous Metropolitan University (UAM), Mexico City, México
| | - Pablo Damián-Matsumura
- Department of Biology of Reproduction, Biological Sciences and Health Division (DCBS), Autonomous Metropolitan University (UAM), Mexico City, México.
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Cheng Y, Xie L, Xu Z, Hao M, Yang B, Shan W, Wang Y, Lv Q, Chen X. NrCAM secreted by endometrial stromal cells enhances the progestin sensitivity of endometrial cancer cells through epigenetic modulation of PRB. Cancer Gene Ther 2022; 29:1452-1462. [PMID: 35388173 PMCID: PMC9576598 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-022-00467-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Progestin is one of the main hormone treatment regimens for early-stage estrogen receptor- and progesterone receptor (PR)-positive endometrial cancer (EC). However, the response rate of EC to progestins is unsatisfactory. Investigating the mechanisms related to progestin treatment could help improve treatment efficacy. Studies have demonstrated that normal endometrial stromal cells (ESCs) increase the inhibitory effect of progestin on EC cell proliferation via paracrine signaling, but the mechanisms involved remain unclear. In this study, we found that ESCs had different morphological features between progestin-sensitive and -insensitive EC tissues. ESCs presented typical decidualization changes in progestin-sensitive cases, while they remained slim in progestin-insensitive EC lesions, indicating no response. Furthermore, ESCs enhanced the inhibitory effect of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) on EC cell proliferation by secreting neuron cell adhesion molecule (NrCAM). MPA treatment enhanced NrCAM secretion by ESCs. EC xenografts in BALB/C nude mice demonstrated that MPA combined with NrCAM had an increased tumor inhibitory effect compared with MPA or NrCAM alone. Mechanistically, MPA upregulated NrCAM expression in ESCs through PR. Specifically, NrCAM increased PR expression in EC cells through TET1-induced hydroxymethylation of the PRB gene promoter region. These findings indicate that NrCAM or NrCAM combined with progestins could be a new EC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Cheng
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Liying Xie
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Zhiying Xu
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Mengxin Hao
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Bingyi Yang
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Weiwei Shan
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yiqin Wang
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Pathology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiaoying Lv
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaojun Chen
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China.
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3
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Liu L, Wang S, Li D, Tuo Y. Effect of Co-Cultured Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells (BMSC) and Neuropilin 1 on the Migration of Endometrial Stromal Cells and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Adenomyosis. J BIOMATER TISS ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1166/jbt.2022.3139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Our study intends to assess the effect of co-cultured bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC) and Neuropilin 1 on the migration of endometrial stromal cells and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in adenomyosis. qRT-PCR was utilized for measuring Neuropilin 1 level in adenomyosis tissues
and cells. Endometrial stromal cells were treated with BMSC, si-Neuropilin 1, and pc-DNANeuropilin followed by analysis of cell proliferation and migration, as well as the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related proteins. Neuropilin 1 expression was significantly upregulated
in 77 adenomyosis patients. Neuropilin 1 expression showed a positive correlation with the diagnostic sensitivity of adenomyosis. BMSC+pc-DNA-Neuropilin 1 treatment significantly promoted cell viability, migration, and EMT which were reduced by BMSC+si-Neuropilin 1. In conclusion, our study
demonstrates that co-culture of BMSCs and Neuropilin 1 increases cell viability, migration, and EMT in adenomyosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixue Liu
- Master of Reproductive Medicine Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010050, China
| | - Saren Wang
- Bachelor of Reproductive Medicine Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010050, China
| | - Debang Li
- Master of Reproductive Medicine Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010050, China
| | - Ya Tuo
- Doctor of Reproductive Medicine Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010050, China
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4
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Gelissen JH, Huang GS. Intersections of endocrine pathways and the epithelial mesenchymal transition in endometrial cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:914405. [PMID: 36052252 PMCID: PMC9424890 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.914405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) is the process by which cancer cells of epithelial origin, including endometrial cancer, acquire a mesenchymal phenotype with enhanced migratory and invasive capacity, to facilitate metastasis. The regulation of EMT is tissue-specific, and in endometrial cancer, endocrine signaling pathways serve as critical regulators of EMT. The intersections of endocrine signaling and EMT highlight potential avenues for therapeutic intervention to target cancer metastasis with the aim of reduced mortality.
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Hu M, Zhang Y, Li X, Cui P, Li J, Brännström M, Shao LR, Billig H. Alterations of endometrial epithelial-mesenchymal transition and MAPK signalling components in women with PCOS are partially modulated by metformin in vitro. Mol Hum Reprod 2021; 26:312-326. [PMID: 32202622 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gaaa023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence suggests that epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and its regulator mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) contribute to endometria-related reproductive disorders. However, the regulation of EMT and MAPK signalling components in the endometrium from polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients has not been systematically investigated and remains elusive. In humans, how metformin induces molecular alterations in the endometrial tissues under PCOS conditions is not completely clear. Here, we recruited 7 non-PCOS patients during the proliferative phase (nPCOS), 7 non-PCOS patients with endometrial hyperplasia (nPCOSEH), 14 PCOS patients during the proliferative phase (PCOS) and 3 PCOS patients with endometrial hyperplasia (PCOSEH). Our studies demonstrated that compared with nPCOS, PCOS patients showed decreased Claudin 1 and increased Vimentin and Slug proteins. Similar to increased Slug protein, nPCOSEH and PCOSEH patients showed increased N-cadherin protein. Western blot and immunostaining revealed increased epithelial phosphorylated Cytokeratin 8 (p-CK 8) expression and an increased p-CK 8:CK 8 ratio in PCOS, nPCOSEH and PCOSEH patients compared to nPCOS patients. Although nPCOSEH and PCOSEH patients showed increased p-ERK1/2 and/or p38 protein levels, the significant increase in p-ERK1/2 expression and p-ERK1/2:ERK1/2 ratio was only found in PCOS patients compared to nPCOS patients. A significant induction of the membrane ERβ immunostaining was observed in the epithelial cells of PCOS and PCOSEH patients compared to nPCOS and nPCOSEH patients. While in vitro treatment with metformin alone increased Snail and decreased Claudin 1, N-cadherin and α-SMA proteins, concomitant treatment with metformin and E2 increased the expression of CK 8 and Snail proteins and decreased the expression of Claudin 1, ZO-1, Slug and α-SMA proteins. Our findings suggest that the EMT contributes to the switch from a healthy state to a PCOS state in the endometrium, which might subsequently drive endometrial injury and dysfunction. We also provide evidence that metformin differentially modulates EMT protein expression in PCOS patients depending on oestrogenic stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Hu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 510120 Guangzhou, China.,Department of Physiology/Endocrinology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Yuehui Zhang
- Department of Physiology/Endocrinology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory and Unit of Infertility in Chinese Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, 150040 Harbin, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Physiology/Endocrinology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, 200011 Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, 200011 Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Cui
- Department of Physiology/Endocrinology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 201203 Shanghai, China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 510120 Guangzhou, China.,Department of Physiology/Endocrinology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mats Brännström
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Linus R Shao
- Department of Physiology/Endocrinology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Håkan Billig
- Department of Physiology/Endocrinology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
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Expression of Selected Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Transcription Factors in Endometrial Cancer. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2020:4584250. [PMID: 33457409 PMCID: PMC7785369 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4584250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Endometrial cancer (EC) is the most common gynecologic malignancy in developed countries. The aim of this study was to analyze the expression of SNAIL, SLUG, TWIST1, TWIST2, ZEB1, and ZEB 2 in primary tumor and the correlation with morphological and clinical characteristics of EC. The study included 158 patients with EC after surgical treatments: total hysterectomy and lymphadenectomy. The percentages of EC specimens testing positively for the EMT transcription factors were 84.5% for SNAIL, 92.2% for SLUG, 10.9% for TWIST1, 100% for TWIST2, 89% for ZEB1, and 98% for ZEB2. The expression of SLUG in patients with FIGO stage III or IV, type II EC, myometrial invasion ≥ 50% of the uterine wall thickness, and adnexal involvement and in patients with distant metastases was significantly higher. SLUG and ZEB2 expressions were identified as significant predictors of higher FIGO stages (III or IV) on univariate analysis. The overexpression of SLUG was a significant predictor of more aggressive type II EC, myometrial invasion ≥ 50% of the uterine wall thickness, and distant metastases on both univariate and multivariate analysis. Moreover, the overexpression of SLUG and ZEB2 was shown to be significant predictors of adnexal involvement on univariate analysis. ZEB 2 overexpression was identified in multivariate analysis as another independent predictor associated with a lesser likelihood of type II EC. Both univariate and multivariate analyses demonstrated that SLUG expression was the only predictor of 5-year survival in the study group. The overexpression of SLUG was associated with a significant increase in mortality hazard on univariate analysis and was shown to be a highly significant predictor of death on multivariate analysis. Conclusions. Selected proteins of the EMT pathway play a role in endometrial carcinogenesis; SLUG and ZEB2 expressions in the primary tumor might predict clinical outcomes in EC and drive therapeutic decisions regarding adjuvant treatment in patients with this malignancy.
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In Vitro Effect of Estradiol and Progesterone on Ovine Amniotic Epithelial Cells. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:8034578. [PMID: 31049069 PMCID: PMC6458847 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8034578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Amniotic epithelial cells (AECs), an emerging source of extrafoetal stem cells, have recently attracted attention for their great regenerative potential. Since AEC amplifications are accompanied by the loss of their native epithelial phenotype and by the progressive reduction of relevant biological properties, the issue to be addressed is the development of effective culture protocols. In this context, recently, it has been demonstrated that progesterone (P4) supplementation during ovine AEC (oAEC) expansion could prevent the undesirable epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). In contrast, there is no information to date on the role of the other pregnancy steroids in culture. With this aim, the present study has been designed to clarify the impact of estradiol (E2), alone or in combination with P4 (12.5 μM and 25 μM), during oAEC amplification. Steroid supplementations were assessed by testing oAEC proliferation, stemness, EMT, and osteogenic or chondrogenic plasticity. The results indicated that EMT can be prevented exclusively in the presence of high doses of P4, while it occurred rapidly in cells exposed to E2 as denoted by protein (cytokeratin-8 and alpha-SMA) and gene expression (vimentin and snail) profiles. Moreover, steroid exposure was able to influence highly oAEC plasticity. Particularly, P4-treated cells displayed a precommitment towards osteogenic lineage, confirmed by the upregulation of OCN, RUNX2, and the greater deposition of calcium nodules. Conversely, P4 exposure inhibited oAEC chondrogenic differentiation, which was induced in E2-treated cells as confirmed by the upregulation of chondrogenesis-related genes (SOX9, ACAN, and COL2A1) and by the accumulation of Alcian blue-positive extracellular matrix. Simultaneously, E2-treated cells remained unresponsive to osteogenic inductive stimuli. In conclusion, media supplementation with high doses of steroids may be adopted to modulate phenotype and plasticity during oAEC amplification. Relevantly, the osteo or chondro steroid-induced precommitment may open unprecedented cell-based therapies to face the unsolved orthopaedic issues related to osteochondral regeneration.
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Wu L, Lv C, Su Y, Li C, Zhang H, Zhao X, Li M. Expression of programmed death-1 (PD-1) and its ligand PD-L1 is upregulated in endometriosis and promoted by 17beta-estradiol. Gynecol Endocrinol 2019; 35:251-256. [PMID: 30325236 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2018.1519787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The programmed death-1 (PD-1)/PD-L1 pathway plays important roles in immune responses and peripheral tolerance. Under pathological conditions, this pathway can suppress protective T cell responses and induce immune system disorders. Endometriosis (EM) is an estrogen-dependent, immune-associated disease. The expression of PD-1 and PD-L1 has been studied in a variety of cancers and autoimmune diseases. Few studies, however, have attempted to explore their expression and the possibility that they are regulated by estrogen in EM. Eutopic and ectopic endometria and blood samples were collected from 15 women with EM and 15 women without EM. PD-1/PD-L1 expression in endometrial tissues was detected using immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis. Their expression in blood was detected using flow cytometry. In addition, their expression was evaluated in endometrial cells after estrogen and cytokine treatment. We observed PD-1/PD-L1 expression in both eutopic and ectopic endometria, with elevated expression in EM. Their expression was also higher in CD4+/CD8+ T cells in blood from EM patients. In addition, treatment with 17β-estradiol upregulated PD-L1 expression in eutopic epithelial cells in EM. These data suggest that the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway may be involved in EM immune dysfunction and be regulated by estrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukanxuan Wu
- a Dapartmen of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated for Shandong University, Jinan , Shandong , People's Republic of China
| | - Chunzi Lv
- a Dapartmen of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated for Shandong University, Jinan , Shandong , People's Republic of China
| | - Yifeng Su
- a Dapartmen of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated for Shandong University, Jinan , Shandong , People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyan Li
- a Dapartmen of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated for Shandong University, Jinan , Shandong , People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Zhang
- a Dapartmen of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated for Shandong University, Jinan , Shandong , People's Republic of China
| | - Xinbo Zhao
- a Dapartmen of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated for Shandong University, Jinan , Shandong , People's Republic of China
| | - Mingjiang Li
- a Dapartmen of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated for Shandong University, Jinan , Shandong , People's Republic of China
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9
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Ding DC, Chu TY, Liu HW. Reciprocal crosstalk between endometrial carcinoma and mesenchymal stem cells via transforming growth factor-β/transforming growth factor receptor and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12/C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 aggravates malignant phenotypes. Oncotarget 2017; 8:115202-115214. [PMID: 29383153 PMCID: PMC5777765 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Designated for cyclic shedding, the endometrial stroma is rich in endometrial mesenchymal stem cells (EMSCs) and may play an important role in the development of endometrial carcinoma (EC). This study characterized the crosstalk of EC cells with EMSCs and the resultant effects on malignant phenotypes. The cultured EMSCs expressed CD73, CD90, and CD105, but not CD14, CD19, CD34, CD45, or human leukocyte antigen—antigen D related markers. These EMSCs also showed osteogenic, adipogenic, and chondrogenic differentiation ability. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 and C–X–C motif chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12) secretion or expression were reciprocally enhanced in EC cells and EMSCs, as well as in their tissues. By acting on the receptors expressed in their mutual target cells, the interaction between TGF-β and CXCL12 results in the enhanced migration, invasion, tumorigenesis, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition of EC cells, which can be blocked by neutralizing the antibody of either CXCL12 or C–X–C chemokine receptor type 4. The study revealed unprecedented paracrine interactions between EC cells and EMSCs that resulted in the enhancement of transformation phenotypes. Thus, the blocking of TGF-β or CXCL12 signaling can be a therapeutic target for EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dah-Ching Ding
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Buddhist Tzu-Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan.,Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University; Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Tang-Yuan Chu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Buddhist Tzu-Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan.,Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University; Hualien, Taiwan.,Cervical Cancer Prevention Center, Department of Research, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Hwan-Wun Liu
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University; Hualien, Taiwan.,Department of Occupational Medicine, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan
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Bilyk O, Coatham M, Jewer M, Postovit LM. Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in the Female Reproductive Tract: From Normal Functioning to Disease Pathology. Front Oncol 2017; 7:145. [PMID: 28725636 PMCID: PMC5497565 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2017.00145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a physiological process that is vital throughout the human lifespan. In addition to contributing to the development of various tissues within the growing embryo, EMT is also responsible for wound healing and tissue regeneration later in adulthood. In this review, we highlight the importance of EMT in the development and normal functioning of the female reproductive organs (the ovaries and the uterus) and describe how dysregulation of EMT can lead to pathological conditions, such as endometriosis, adenomyosis, and carcinogenesis. We also summarize the current literature relating to EMT in the context of ovarian and endometrial carcinomas, with a particular focus on how molecular mechanisms and the tumor microenvironment can govern cancer cell plasticity, therapy resistance, and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olena Bilyk
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Mackenzie Coatham
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Michael Jewer
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
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