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Ge S, Zheng Y, Du L, Hu X, Zhou J, He Z, Gu X, Huang X, Yang L, Lin X, Gu X. Association between follicle-stimulating hormone and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Diabetes 2023; 15:640-648. [PMID: 37221966 PMCID: PMC10415867 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.13394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) was negatively associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in women older than 55 years old. People with obesity and diabetes had higher prevalence of NAFLD. Thus, we aimed to explore the association between FSH and NAFLD in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS A total of 583 postmenopausal women with T2DM with an average age of 60.22 ± 6.49 were recruited in this cross-sectional study through January 2017 to May 2021. Anthropological data, biochemical indexes, and abdominal ultrasound results were retrospectively collected. Abdominal ultrasound was used to diagnose NAFLD. FSH was measured by enzymatic immunochemiluminescence and divided into tertiles for further analysis. The logistic regression was used to assess the association of FSH with prevalent NAFLD. Likelihood ratio tests were used to assess the interactions between groups. RESULTS A total of 332 (56.94%) postmenopausal women had NAFLD. Compared with postmenopausal women in the lowest tertile of FSH, postmenopausal women in the highest tertile of FSH had lower prevalence of NAFLD (p < .01). After adjusting for age, diabetes duration, metabolism-related indicators, and other sex-related hormones, FSH was inversely associated with NAFLD (odds ratio: 0.411, 95% confidence intervals: 0.260-0.651, p < .001). In subgroup analysis, there were no significant interactions of FSH with strata of metabolic factors on the association of NAFLD. CONCLUSION FSH was negatively and independently associated with NAFLD in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes mellitus. It might be a potential index for screening and identifying individuals with high risk of NAFLD in postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengjie Ge
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic DiseasesThe First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Yinfeng Zheng
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic DiseasesThe First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Linjia Du
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic DiseasesThe First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Xiang Hu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic DiseasesThe First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Jingzong Zhou
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic DiseasesThe First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Zhiying He
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic DiseasesThe First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Xiao Gu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic DiseasesThe First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Xiaoyan Huang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic DiseasesThe First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Lijuan Yang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic DiseasesThe First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Xiuli Lin
- Department of Infectious DiseasesThe First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Xuejiang Gu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic DiseasesThe First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
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Xu Z, Gu S, Wu X, Zhou Y, Li H, Tang X. Association of follicle stimulating hormone and serum lipid profiles in postmenopausal women. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e30920. [PMID: 36181065 PMCID: PMC9524973 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000030920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to observe the association between follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) levels and serum lipid profiles in postmenopausal women. A total of 411 healthy postmenopausal women with a mean age of 55 years (range 45-65 years) were enrolled in this study. Data on age, time of last menstrual period, past medical history, use of medications, and smoking status were collected, and body weight, height, and blood pressure were measured. Blood samples were collected to measure the serum concentrations of FSH, luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol (E2), glucose, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) using routine methods. FSH levels were negatively associated with LDL-C, even after adjustment for age, LH, E2, BMI, systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (OR = 0.185, 95% CI = 0.051-0.669). Although FSH may also be negatively associated with dyslipidemia (P = .06 for trend) and hypercholesterolemia (P = .079 for trend), but no statistical significance was found after adjusting for confounding factors, particularly BMI. All relevant data are within the paper and its Supporting Information files. The results indicated that lower FSH levels might increase the odds of dyslipidemia, especially the risk of LDL-C elevation, which is an important factor that increases the risk of CVD in postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengfen Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jiaxing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Shuiqin Gu
- Department of Nursing, Jiaxing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Xiaojie Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jiaxing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jiaxing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Huan Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jiaxing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Xuedong Tang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jiaxing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
- *Correspondence: Xuedong Tang, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jiaxing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China (e-mail: )
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Zhang C, Zhao M, Li Z, Song Y. Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Positively Associates with Metabolic Factors in Perimenopausal Women. Int J Endocrinol 2020; 2020:7024321. [PMID: 33273916 PMCID: PMC7676929 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7024321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Menopause is associated with the increased risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and cardiovascular (CV) disease. Most studies have focused the postmenopausal women and the relationships among estrogen, androgen, and Mets risk. The main aim of the study was to investigate the Mets risk in perimenopausal women and whether the variation of FSH is associated with metabolic factors. METHODS A single-center cross-sectional retrospective analysis including 154 premenopausal women and 124 perimenopausal women was performed. RESULTS The prevalence of Mets in the perimenopausal group was much higher than the premenopausal group (49.19% vs. 35.71%, p = 0.023). The prevalence of central obesity and NAFLD also increased in the perimenopausal group than in the premenopausal group. We grouped the population by FSH tertiles; compared with women in the lowest tertile, women in the highest tertile had higher age, WC, serum TC, LDL-C, AST, ALT, and creatine levels. The prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia, raised BP and Mets also increased in the highest tertile group. Further, we subdivided the perimenopausal women according to FSH tertiles. Compared with perimenopausal women in the lowest tertile, the prevalence of raised BP significantly increased in the highest tertile. CONCLUSIONS The risk of Mets increased in perimenopausal females than in premenopausal women. And a higher FSH level was associated with higher WC, TG, BPs, and the risk of Mets in perimenopausal women. Elevated FSH level appears to be a risk factor of MetS biomarkers in perimenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250021, Shandong, China
- Shandong Institute of Endocrine & Metabolic Diseases, Jinan 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Meng Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250021, Shandong, China
- Shandong Institute of Endocrine & Metabolic Diseases, Jinan 250021, Shandong, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Zhengyang Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250021, Shandong, China
- Shandong Institute of Endocrine & Metabolic Diseases, Jinan 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Yongfeng Song
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250021, Shandong, China
- Shandong Institute of Endocrine & Metabolic Diseases, Jinan 250021, Shandong, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250021, Shandong, China
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Sanchez-Barajas M, Ibarra-Reynoso LDR, Ayala-Garcia MA, Malacara JM. Flow mediated vasodilation compared with carotid intima media thickness in the evaluation of early cardiovascular damage in menopausal women and the influence of biological and psychosocial factors. BMC WOMENS HEALTH 2018; 18:153. [PMID: 30236100 PMCID: PMC6149057 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-018-0648-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
Background Women after menopause increase risk for cardiovascular disease and several factors may be related. The purpose was to study biological and psychosocial factors associated with early cardiovascular damage in pre- and postmenopausal women, assessed with carotid intima-media thickness vs flow-mediated dilatation. Methods Women 45 to 57 years old were grouped in the pre- (n = 60), early (n = 58) and late post-menopause (n = 59). Anthropometric, metabolic and hormonal data were registered, as well as measures of depression, anxiety, submission, perceived stress, and sleep alterations. Heart Rate Variability was recorded to obtain the information regarding sympathovagal balance. Carotid intima-media thickness and flow-mediated dilatation were assessed by ultrasound. Two-way ANOVA and multiple regression model were used. Results At late postmenopause, the carotid intima-media was thicker (p < 0.001) and flow-mediated dilatation decreased (p < 0.001). Carotid intima-media thickness was associated positively with age (p < 0.001), submission score (p = 0.029), follicle stimulating hormone levels (p < 0.001), and body mass index (p = 0.009). Flow-mediated dilatation was associated only with age (p < 0.001). Regarding heart rate variability, the time domain pNN50 measurement was higher in premenopausal women (p = 0.001), Low Frequency (LF) was higher in the two groups of postmenopausal (p = 0.001) and High Frequency (HF) higher in the early postmenopausal women (p = 0.042). Conclusions Under our conditions carotid intima-media thickness had higher predictive value for early cardiovascular damage at menopause. The finding of the association of the submission score, indicates de influence of stress on vascular damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Sanchez-Barajas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, General Hospital Zone/MF 21, Leon, Guanajuato, Mexico.,Department of Medical Sciences, University of Guanajuato, León Campus, León, GTO, Mexico
| | | | - Marco Antonio Ayala-Garcia
- Department of General Surgery, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, General Hospital Subzone No 10, Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Juan Manuel Malacara
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Guanajuato, León Campus, León, GTO, Mexico.
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