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Lu H, Ma L, Zhang Y, Feng Y, Zhang J, Wang S. Current Animal Model Systems for Ovarian Aging Research. Aging Dis 2022; 13:1183-1195. [PMID: 35855343 PMCID: PMC9286907 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2021.1209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian aging leads to menopause, loss of fertility and other disorders in multiple organs, which brings great distress to women. For ethical reasons, it is impossible to use humans as direct study subjects for aging research. Therefore, biomedical researchers have employed different non-human organisms to study ovarian aging, including worms, fruit flies, fishes, amphibians, birds, mice, rats, cavies, rabbits, pigs, sheep, cows, horses, monkeys, and apes. Because each of these model organisms has its own features, multiple factors, such as size, anatomical structure, cost, ease of operation, fertility, generation time, lifespan, and gene heredity, should be carefully considered when selecting a model system to study ovarian aging. An appropriate model organism would help researchers explore the risk factors and elucidate molecular mechanisms underlying declined ovarian functions, which might be conducive to preventing or delaying the ovarian aging process. This article will offer an overview on several currently available and commonly used model organisms for ovarian aging research by comparing their pros and cons. In doing so, we hope to provide useful information for ovarian aging researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Lu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China.
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China.
| | - Lingwei Ma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China.
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China.
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China.
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China.
| | - Yanzhi Feng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China.
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China.
| | - Jinjin Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China.
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China.
- Correspondence should be addressed to: Dr. Shixuan Wang () and Dr. Jinjin Zhang (), Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shixuan Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China.
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China.
- Correspondence should be addressed to: Dr. Shixuan Wang () and Dr. Jinjin Zhang (), Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Corrie L, Gulati M, Singh SK, Kapoor B, Khursheed R, Awasthi A, Vishwas S, Chellappan DK, Gupta G, Jha NK, Anand K, Dua K. Recent updates on animal models for understanding the etiopathogenesis of polycystic ovarian syndrome. Life Sci 2021; 280:119753. [PMID: 34171379 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is the primary cause of female infertility affecting several women worldwide. Changes in hormonal functions such as hyperandrogenism are considered a significant factor in developing PCOS in women. In addition, many molecular pathways are involved in the pathogenesis of PCOS in women. To have better insights about PCOS, it is data from clinical studies carried on women suffering from PCOS should be collected. However, this approach has several implications, including ethical considerations, cost involved and availability of subject. Moreover, during the early drug development process, it is always advisable to use non-human models mimicking human physiology as they are less expensive, readily available, have a shorter gestation period and less risk involved. Many animal models have been reported that resemble the PCOS pathways in human subjects. However, the models developed on rats and mice are more preferred over other rodent/non-rodent models due to their closer resemblance with human PCOS development mechanism. The most extensively reported PCOS models for rats and mice include those induced by using testosterone, letrozole and estradiol valerate. As the pathophysiology of PCOS is complex, none of the explored models completely surrogates the PCOS related conditions occurring in women. Hence, there is a need to develop an animal model that can resemble the pathophysiology of PCOS in women. The review focuses on various animal models explored to understand the pathophysiology of PCOS. The article also highlights some environmental and food-related models that have been used to induce PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leander Corrie
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India
| | - Monica Gulati
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India.
| | - Bhupinder Kapoor
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India
| | - Rubiya Khursheed
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India
| | - Ankit Awasthi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India
| | - Sukriti Vishwas
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar Chellappan
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Mahal Road, Jagatpura, Jaipur, India
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology (SET), Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201310, India
| | - Krishnan Anand
- Department of Chemical Pathology, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, National Health Laboratory Service, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Australia
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Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common hormonal disorder in women of reproductive age. There is no clear association between PCOS and benign breast disease (BBD). The latter is a frequent benign disorder, affecting women between 20 and 50 years of age. To date, the classification remains controversial, and the risk of developing breast cancer that is associated with these changes is different depending on the histopathological findings. The most frequent changes are breast cysts, which are noted in up to 50% of patients older than 30 years of age. This up-to-date review presents the relationship between PCOS and BBD. In conclusion, there is no clear association between benign breast disease and PCOS. Further studies on a large population with prospectively collected data using updated PCOS criteria are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Kunicki
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Invicta Private Fertility Center, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Roman Smolarczyk
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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Meczekalski B, Pérez-Roncero GR, López-Baena MT, Chedraui P, Pérez-López FR. The polycystic ovary syndrome and gynecological cancer risk. Gynecol Endocrinol 2020; 36:289-293. [PMID: 32103691 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2020.1730794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This review updates the knowledge regarding the association between the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and the risk of gynecological cancer. We performed a literature review of clinical and epidemiological studies concerning PCOS and the risk of breast, endometrial and ovarian cancer after selecting information by quality of scientific methodology. It was found that evidence does not support a link between PCOS and breast cancer risk. There is an increased risk of endometrial cancer, while data concerning ovarian cancer are contradictory. Regarding PCOS and its association to cervical, fallopian tube, and vulvar cancer, the quality of evidence is heterogeneous. In conclusion, women with PCOS should be screened for endometrial cancer and more research is warranted to determine in this population the true risk of developing other gynecological cancers such as breast and ovarian.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blazej Meczekalski
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Gonzalo R Pérez-Roncero
- Red de Investigación de Ginecología, Obstetricia y Reproducción, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias de Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - María T López-Baena
- Red de Investigación de Ginecología, Obstetricia y Reproducción, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias de Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Peter Chedraui
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Salud Integral, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Católica de Santiago de Guayaquil, Guayaquil, Ecuador
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Católica "Nuestra Señora de la Asunción", Asunción, Paraguay
| | - Faustino R Pérez-López
- Red de Investigación de Ginecología, Obstetricia y Reproducción, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias de Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Obsetrics and Gynecology, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
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