The associations of CYP19A1 rs700518 polymorphism with bone mineral density and risk of osteoporosis: a meta-analysis

Osteoporosis in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and involved mechanisms

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) and osteoporosis, though seemingly unrelated, exhibit intricate connections influenced by genetic and epigenetic factors. PCOS, characterized by elevated androgen levels, insulin resistance, and increased body weight, has historically been considered protective against bone fragility disorders. However, emerging research suggests that chronic inflammation, prevalent in PCOS, can adversely affect bone health. Studies have demonstrated variable bone mineral density loss in PCOS, often associated with leptin resistance and hyperinsulinemia. Key genes such as INS, IGF1, CTNNB1, AKT1, and STAT3 play pivotal roles in the complex interplay between PCOS and osteoporosis, influencing insulin signaling, oxidative stress, and inflammatory pathways. Oxidative stress, a prominent element in PCOS, can lead to osteoporosis through hormonal imbalances, chronic inflammation, insulin resistance, and lifestyle factors. The insulin signaling pathway also significantly impacts both conditions by contributing to hormonal imbalances and bone health alterations. This intricate network of genetic and epigenetic factors underscores the need for a deeper understanding of their interrelationships. Thus, this review elucidates the multifaceted genetic, epigenetic, and inflammatory connections between PCOS and osteoporosis, highlighting their implications for bone health management in individuals with PCOS.

Association of the CYP19A1 rs700518 Polymorphism with Selected Markers of Bone Metabolism in Women with Hyperandrogenism

Hyperandrogenism is the most common endocrine disorder in women, characterized by an imbalance of normal estrogen and androgen levels in the blood. Androgens play an important role in the female body because they influence bone mineral density (BMD), body mass composition, muscle mass, mental state, and the regulation of sexual function. The reduced activity of aromatase, due to mutations in the CYP19A1 gene, reduces the estrogen pool in favor of androgens. Clinically, aromatase deficiency causes hyperandrogenism in women. Therefore, the aim of the study was to assess the effect of the CYP19A1 gene polymorphism on selected markers of bone metabolism and hormonal parameters in women with hyperandrogenism. The study group was comprised of 80 young women with hyperandrogenism who underwent measurements of bone mineral density (BMD), and determination of hormonal and metabolic parameters. Enzyme immunoassays were used to measure leptin, total sRANKL (free and bound RANKL), osteoprotegerin, and total 25-OH Vitamin D. An analysis of the CYP19A1 gene polymorphisms was performed using the real-time PCR method. The GG genotype of the CYP19A1 rs700518 polymorphism turned out to be associated with: FEI (Free Estradiol Index), SHGB concentration, estradiol concentration, and insulin concentration determined in the glucose tolerance test 60’ compared to AG and AA genotypes. Patients with the AG genotype had a higher ratio of android to gynoid fat and a greater content of visceral adipose tissue. Higher visceral tissue content may reduce BMD. In conclusion, the study showed that the CYP19A1 rs700518 polymorphism may be associated with the distribution of adipose tissue in young women with hyperandrogenism. These results suggest that patients with the AG genotype may develop osteoporosis.

Association between TNF-α gene polymorphisms and susceptibility of myelodysplastic syndromes: a meta-analysis

OBJECTIVE

Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) constitute a heterogeneous group of clonal hematological diseases. Previous investigations reported that tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) gene polymorphisms were associated with MDS susceptibility, but the results remained controversial. Thus, we conducted a meta-analysis to higher elucidate the correlation between TNF-α gene polymorphisms and MDS susceptibility.

METHODS

The PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Wan Fang databases were searched for eligible literatures published up to July 2021. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were applied to evaluate the strength of association.

RESULTS

Eight studies involving 1180 MDS patients and 1387 controls were included in this meta-analysis. For the TNF-α G308A polymorphism, we confirmed that the G allele (G versus A: P = 0.001), GG genotypes (GG versus GA: P = 0.005; GG versus GA + AA: P = 0.002), and GG + AA genotypes (GG + AA versus GA: P = 0.008) was significantly associated with decreased MDS susceptibility according to different genetic models. Furthermore, the G308A polymorphism was significantly correlated with decreased occurrence risk of MDS in the Caucasian population as compared with Asians in the above four genetic models (P < 0.05). However, no significant association was observed between the TNF-α G238A polymorphism and MDS risk.

CONCLUSION

This research showed that TNF-α G308A polymorphism might be a potential biomarker in early clinical screening of MDS, which would contribute to improving the individualized prevention of MDS patients in clinic.

Single-nucleotide polymorphism rs10036727 in the SLIT3 gene is associated with osteoporosis at the femoral neck in older Mexican postmenopausal women

AIMS

Osteoporosis (OP) remains a major public health problem worldwide. The most serious complications of this disease are fragility fractures, which increase morbidity and mortality. Management of OP represents an economic burden for health systems. Therefore, it is necessary to develop new screening strategies to identify the population at risk and implement preventive measures. We previously identified the SNPs rs3801387 in WNT16, rs7108738 in SOX6, rs10036727 in SLIT3 and rs7584262 in PKDCC as associated with bone mineral density in postmenopausal women through a genome-wide association study. The aim of this study was to validate those SNPs in two independent cohorts of non-related postmenopausal women.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

We included 1160 women classifying them as normal, osteopenic or osteoporotic and a group with hip fragility fracture. Genotyping was performed using predesigned TaqMan assays.

RESULTS

The variants rs10036727 and rs7108738 showed a significant association with BMD at the femoral neck. SLIT3 has been previously proposed as a potential biomarker and therapeutic resource.

CONCLUSIONS

Our results provide new evidence regarding a possible involvement of SLIT3 in bone metabolisms and encourage the development of more studies in different populations to support these observations.