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Scheidegger A, Gómez Penedo JM, Blättler LT, Aybek S, Bischoff N, Grosse Holtforth M. How Treatment Motivation Predicts Favorable Outcomes in Interdisciplinary Multimodal Pain Treatment Among Patients with Chronic Primary Pain. J Clin Psychol Med Settings 2024; 31:48-57. [PMID: 37081250 PMCID: PMC10924698 DOI: 10.1007/s10880-023-09958-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
As motivation for psychological treatment at intake has been shown to predict favorable outcomes after an inpatient stay, this study aimed to further characterize the different components of psychological treatment motivation that predict favorable treatment outcomes. 294 inpatients with chronic primary pain participating in an interdisciplinary multimodal pain treatment in a tertiary psychosomatic university clinic completed a battery of psychological questionnaires at intake and discharge. Treatment motivation was assessed at intake using the scales of the FPTM-23 questionnaire, while pain intensity, pain interference, anxiety, and depression were assessed both at intake and discharge. After treatment, pain intensity, pain interference, anxiety, and depression were significantly reduced. While higher levels on the FPTM-23 scale of suffering predicted smaller decreases in anxiety after treatment, higher scores on the scale of hope, i.e., lower levels of hopelessness, predicted lower levels of pain interference, anxiety, and depression after treatment. None of the scales of treatment motivation predicted pain intensity levels after treatment. Above and beyond providing symptom relief, reducing hopelessness and fostering hope regarding the treatment process and outcome might help clinicians treat patients with chronic primary pain more effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Scheidegger
- Psychosomatic Medicine, Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
- Department of Psychology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | | | - Larissa Tatjana Blättler
- Psychosomatic Medicine, Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Selma Aybek
- Psychosomatic Medicine, Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nina Bischoff
- Psychosomatic Medicine, Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Martin Grosse Holtforth
- Psychosomatic Medicine, Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Psychology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Mielimaka M, Kealy D, Sochting I, Ogrodniczuk JS. Hope for all? Investigating the moderating effect of social inhibition on the association between hope and outcome in an integrative group therapy program. Bull Menninger Clin 2024; 88:197-213. [PMID: 39226229 DOI: 10.1521/bumc.2024.88.3.197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
Existing research supports the therapeutic value of hope in different therapies and for diverse patient groups. Patients who are socially inhibited tend to have a particularly difficult time in group therapy, and the experience of hope in that context may be especially poignant for them. The present study investigated the impact of hope on the outcome of a group-based treatment and whether this impact differed for patients depending on their level of social inhibition. The sample consisted of 49 consecutively admitted patients who completed treatment in an intensive, integrative group therapy program. Patients completed four self-report measures to assess hope, social inhibition, quality of life, and depression. Regression with moderation analysis was employed. The analyses revealed that social inhibition significantly moderated the impact of hope on treatment outcome, indicating that hope had a more pronounced effect among those patients with relatively higher levels of social inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Mielimaka
- Department of Psychotherapy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - David Kealy
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ingrid Sochting
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - John S Ogrodniczuk
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Wright H, Turner A, Ennis S, Percy C, Loftus G, Clyne W, Matouskova G, Martin F. Digital peer-supported self-management, co-designed by people living with Long COVID: a mixed methods proof-of-concept study (Preprint). JMIR Form Res 2022; 6:e41410. [PMID: 36166651 PMCID: PMC9578526 DOI: 10.2196/41410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There are around 1.3 million people in the United Kingdom with the devastating psychological, physical, and cognitive consequences of long COVID (LC). UK guidelines recommend that LC symptoms be managed pragmatically with holistic support for patients’ biopsychosocial needs, including psychological, emotional, and physical health. Self-management strategies, such as pacing, prioritization, and goal setting, are vital for the self-management of many LC symptoms. Objective This paper describes the codevelopment and initial testing of a digital intervention combining peer support with positive psychology approaches for self-managing the physical, emotional, psychological, and cognitive challenges associated with LC. The objectives of this study were to (1) codesign an intervention with and for people with LC; (2) test the intervention and study methods; (3) measure changes in participant well-being, self-efficacy, fatigue, and loneliness; and (4) understand the types of self-management goals and strategies used by people with LC. Methods The study used a pre-post, mixed methods, pragmatic, uncontrolled design. Digital intervention content was codeveloped with a lived-experience group to meet the needs uncovered during the intervention development and logic mapping phase. The resulting 8-week digital intervention, Hope Programme for Long COVID, was attended by 47 participants, who completed pre- and postprogram measures of well-being, self-efficacy, fatigue, and loneliness. Goal-setting data were extracted from the digital platform at the end of the intervention. Results The recruitment rate (n=47, 83.9%) and follow-up rate (n=28, 59.6%) were encouraging. Positive mental well-being (mean difference 6.5, P<.001) and self-efficacy (mean difference 1.1, P=.009) improved from baseline to postcourse. All goals set by participants mapped onto the 5 goal-oriented domains in the taxonomy of everyday self-management strategies (TEDSS). The most frequent type of goals was related to activity strategies, followed by health behavior and internal strategies. Conclusions The bespoke self-management intervention, Hope Programme for Long COVID, was well attended, and follow-up was encouraging. The sample characteristics largely mirrored those of the wider UK population with LC. Although not powered to detect statistically significant changes, the preliminary data show improvements in self-efficacy and positive mental well-being. Our next trial (ISRCTN: 11868601) will use a nonrandomized waitlist control design to further examine intervention efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley Wright
- Centre for Intelligent Healthcare, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Turner
- Centre for Intelligent Healthcare, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart Ennis
- Department of Cardiac Rehabilitation, University Hospitals Coventry & Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, United Kingdom
- Warwick Clinical Trials Unit, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
- Atrium Health, Centre for Exercise and Health, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Carol Percy
- School of Psychological, Social and Behavioural Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Garry Loftus
- Hope For The Community Community Interest Company, Enterprise Hub, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Wendy Clyne
- Peninsula Medical School, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Gabriela Matouskova
- Hope For The Community Community Interest Company, Enterprise Hub, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Faith Martin
- Centre for Intelligent Healthcare, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom
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Chan K, Wong FKY, Tam SL, Kwok CP, Fung YP, Wong PN. Effectiveness of a brief hope intervention for chronic kidney disease patients on the decisional conflict and quality of life: a pilot randomized controlled trial. BMC Nephrol 2022; 23:209. [PMID: 35701732 PMCID: PMC9195369 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-022-02830-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Stage 5 chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients often experience decisional conflict when faced with the selection between the initiation of dialysis and conservative care. The study examined the effects of a brief hope intervention (BHI) on the levels of hope, decisional conflict and the quality of life for stage 5 CKD patients. Methods This is a single-blinded, randomized controlled trial (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03378700). Eligible patients were recruited from the outpatient department renal clinic of a regional hospital. They were randomly assigned to either the intervention or the control group (intervention: n = 35; control: n = 37). All participants underwent a customized pre-dialysis education class, while the intervention group received also BHI. Data were collected prior to the intervention, immediately afterwards, and one month following the intervention. The Generalized Estimating Equation was used to measure the effects in the level of hope, decisional conflict scores (DCS) and Kidney Disease Quality of life (KDQOL-36) scores. Estimated marginal means and standard errors with 95% confidence intervals of these scores were also reported to examine the within group and between group changes. Results An increase of the hope score was found from time 1 (29.7, 1.64) to time 3 (34.4, 1.27) in the intervention group. The intervention had a significant effect on the KDQOL-36 sub-scores Mental Component Summary (MCS) (Wald χ2 = 6.763, P = 0.009) and effects of kidney disease (Wald χ2 = 3.617, P = 0.004). There was a reduction in decisional conflict in both arms on the DCS total score (Wald χ2 = 7.885, P = 0.005), but the reduction was significantly greater in the control group (effect size 0.64). Conclusions The BHI appeared to increase the level of hope within the intervention arm. Nonetheless, differences across the intervention and control arms were not significant. The KDQOL-36 sub-scores on MCS and Effects of kidney disease were found to have increased and be higher in the intervention group. The DCS total score also showed that hope was associated with reducing decisional conflict. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Protocol Registration, NCT03378700. Registered July 12 2017. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12882-022-02830-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kitty Chan
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China.
| | - Frances Kam Yuet Wong
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Suet Lai Tam
- Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, Kwong Wah Hospital, 25 Waterloo Road, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Ching Ping Kwok
- Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, Kwong Wah Hospital, 25 Waterloo Road, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuen Ping Fung
- Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, Kwong Wah Hospital, 25 Waterloo Road, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Nam Wong
- Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, Kwong Wah Hospital, 25 Waterloo Road, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
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Chan K, Wong F, Tam SL, Kwok CP, Fung YP, Wong PN. The effects of a brief hope intervention on decision-making in chronic kidney disease patients: A study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. J Adv Nurs 2020; 76:3631-3640. [PMID: 33038022 DOI: 10.1111/jan.14520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study describes the study protocol of a manualized brief hope intervention that is based on the theoretical proposition - hope theory. BACKGROUND Patients with stage 5 chronic kidney disease often had decisional regret when facing the tension of treatment alternatives between dialysis initiation and palliative care. Hope has been found to account for therapeutic changes in clients with depressive symptoms, heightens positive expectations, and striving to accomplish chosen goals. Nevertheless, little is known about the effect of hope on decisional conflict and its influences to the quality of life in these chronic kidney disease patients. DESIGN This study is a single-blinded, randomized controlled trial. METHODS Participants will be recruited from a regional hospital (approved in April 2018). They will be randomly assigned in equal numbers to either the brief hope intervention or the control arm on completion of the baseline assessment on the possible need of dialysis initiation. Participants in the intervention group will receive the pre-dialysis education and a 4-week Brief Hope Intervention [consisting of four sessions at weekly intervals (two face-to-face sessions and two telephone follow-up sessions in between)], while those allocated to the control arm will receive the renal education and social chats. Outcome measures will be carried out prior to the intervention (baseline), immediately, and 1 month after the intervention. These consist of the hope level, decisional conflict, and quality of life. Healthcare resources use data will be reported. IMPACT The study results have the potential to add scientific evidence to the research-tested programme when developing renal services integral to multimodal care management to optimize decision-making and attain better health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kitty Chan
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Frances Wong
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Suet Lai Tam
- Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, Kwong Wah Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ching Ping Kwok
- Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, Kwong Wah Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuen Ping Fung
- Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, Kwong Wah Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ping Nam Wong
- Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, Kwong Wah Hospital, Hong Kong, China
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Katsimigos AM, O'Beirne S, Harmon D. Hope and chronic pain-a systematic review. Ir J Med Sci 2020; 190:307-312. [PMID: 32451764 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-020-02251-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hope is considered as an important therapeutic factor in health and illness. Chronic pain affects a significant proportion of the world's population and causes great emotional and physical suffering to patients. OBJECTIVE The aim of this systematic review is to explore the current literature on hope and chronic pain. METHODS A comprehensive review of current literature on hope and chronic pain was undertaken. Several databases were used (incorporating EBSCO, MEDLINE, PUBMED). Search terms included 'hope' and 'hopelessness' in conjunction with 'chronic pain, 'pain management' and 'pain reduction'. Articles were included if they reported a study (1) exploring outcomes of hope as an intervention for chronic pain, (2) reported on hope specifically and not related concepts and (3) included a measurement of hope. RESULTS A total of three articles were found which fit the inclusion criteria. Each article used different tools to measure hope. The review demonstrates a gap in the literature regarding hope as a therapeutic intervention for chronic pain specifically. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this review demonstrate that hope is influenced by several patient factors and has a positive impact on patients with chronic pain. The current literature supports the usefulness of hope as a therapeutic intervention for not only chronic pain but many chronic illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sheena O'Beirne
- Graduate Entry Medical School, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Dominic Harmon
- Graduate Entry Medical School, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland. .,Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Limerick University Hospital, Dooradoyle, Limerick, Ireland.
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Chan K, Wong FKY, Lee PH. A Brief Hope Intervention to Increase Hope Level and Improve Well-Being in Rehabilitating Cancer Patients: A Feasibility Test. SAGE Open Nurs 2019; 5:2377960819844381. [PMID: 33415238 PMCID: PMC7774404 DOI: 10.1177/2377960819844381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This article reports on the feasibility and effect of the brief hope intervention (BHI) in terms of increasing the hope level and psychological and physical health outcomes of rehabilitating cancer patients (RCP). Chinese RCP living in the community were invited to join the study. The BHI consisted of four one-on-one sessions: two (1-hour) face-to-face sessions and two (30-minute) telephone follow-up sessions in between. There were three core features in the hope therapy: (a) goal thoughts: finding workable goals, (b) pathway thoughts: finding ways to reach the targets, and (c) agency thoughts: positive self-talk to optimize their motivation to accomplish the set goals. A one-group pre- and postintervention design was used. Outcome measures included the Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale, the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), and the State Hope Scale. Recruitment, attrition, and qualitative feedback were collected to understand their comments on BHI. A total of 40 participants were recruited (female 92.3%). The mean age was 57.2 years (SD = 6.7). The participants had significant improvement in all aspects of the Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale, with moderate-to-large effect sizes (d = 0.49-0.74). The changes in present hope and depression scores were insignificant, with small effect sizes (d = 0.17-0.34). The BHI seemed to be promising in producing both physical and psychological benefits in RCP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kitty Chan
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, People's Republic of China
| | - Frances K Y Wong
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, People's Republic of China
| | - Paul H Lee
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, People's Republic of China
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Bartley EJ, LaGattuta NR, Robinson ME, Fillingim RB. Optimizing resilience in orofacial pain: a randomized controlled pilot study on hope. Pain Rep 2019; 4:e726. [PMID: 31041425 PMCID: PMC6455683 DOI: 10.1097/pr9.0000000000000726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Over recent years, there has been growing interest in the role of positive, psychological resources that promote resilience and optimal functioning in chronic pain. Although multiple factors comprise resilience, hope is a strength-based motivational state known to contribute to positive psychosocial adjustment and adaptive pain coping. Emerging evidence supports the viability of therapeutic approaches that foster resilience; however, interventions designed to target hope in the context of pain have been remarkably understudied. Objectives: The objectives of this pilot study were to test the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of a resilience-oriented hope intervention for clinical pain, as well as psychosocial outcomes and experimental pain sensitivity in individuals with orofacial pain. Methods: Twenty-nine participants with temporomandibular disorder were randomized to a 3-session intervention intended to increase hope or a control intervention (EDU) involving education about pain and stress. Before and after the intervention, participants attended 2 laboratory sessions whereby they completed psychosocial questionnaires and sensitivity to heat, cold, and pressure pain was assessed. Hope was measured using the Adult State Hope Scale. Results: Compared with EDU, the Hope group exhibited an increase in state hope, lower heat pain sensitivity, higher pressure pain thresholds at the temporomandibular joint, and reductions in pain catastrophizing. Conclusion: Although preliminary, results suggest that a resilience-based hope intervention may be beneficial in reducing pain sensitivity and catastrophizing and could serve as a target for pain management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J Bartley
- Department of Community Dentistry and Behavioral Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Pain Research and Intervention Center of Excellence (PRICE), University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Natalie R LaGattuta
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Michael E Robinson
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Pain Research and Intervention Center of Excellence (PRICE), University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Center for Pain Research and Behavioral Health, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Roger B Fillingim
- Department of Community Dentistry and Behavioral Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Pain Research and Intervention Center of Excellence (PRICE), University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Larsen DJ, Stege R, King R, Egeli N. The hope collage activity: an arts-based group intervention for people with chronic pain. BRITISH JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE & COUNSELLING 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/03069885.2018.1453046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Denise J. Larsen
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Rachel Stege
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Rachel King
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Natasha Egeli
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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Hyland ME, Hinton C, Hill C, Whalley B, Jones RC, Davies AF. Explaining unexplained pain to fibromyalgia patients: finding a narrative that is acceptable to patients and provides a rationale for evidence based interventions. Br J Pain 2016; 10:156-61. [PMID: 27583142 DOI: 10.1177/2049463716642601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
As the cause of fibromyalgia is controversial, communicating with patients can be challenging, particularly if the patient adopts the narrative 'I am damaged and so I need a more powerful pain killer'. Research shows that providing patients with alternative narratives can be helpful, but it remains unclear what particular narratives are most acceptable to patients and at the same time provide a rationale for evidence based psychological and exercise interventions. This article described the development of a new narrative and the written comments made about the narrative by fibromyalgia patients. The narrative derives from a complexity theory model and provides an alternative to biogenic and psychogenic models. The model was presented to 15 patients whose comments about comprehensibility led to the final format of the narrative. In the final form, the body is presented as 'a very, very clever computer' where fibromyalgia is caused by a software rather than a hardware problem. The software problem is caused by the body adapting when people have to 'keep going' despite 'stop signals', such as pain and fatigue. The narrative provides a rationale for engaging in psychological and exercise interventions as a way of correcting the body's software. This way of explaining fibromyalgia was evaluated by a further 25 patients attending a 7-week 'body reprogramming' intervention, where the therapy was presented as correcting the body's software, and included both exercise and psychological components. Attendance at the course was 85%. Thematic analysis of written patient feedback collected after each session showed that patients found the model believable and informative, it provided hope and was empowering. Patients also indicated that they had started to implement lifestyle change with perceived benefit. Fibromyalgia patients appear to respond positively to a technology-derived narrative based on the analogy of the body as a computer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E Hyland
- Plymouth University, Plymouth, UK; Plymouth Hospitals NHS Trust, Plymouth, UK; School of Psychology, Plymouth University, Plymouth, UK
| | | | | | - Ben Whalley
- Plymouth University, Plymouth, UK; School of Psychology, Plymouth University, Plymouth, UK
| | - Rupert Cm Jones
- Plymouth University, Plymouth, UK; Plymouth Hospitals NHS Trust, Plymouth, UK
| | - Anthony F Davies
- Plymouth University, Plymouth, UK; Plymouth Hospitals NHS Trust, Plymouth, UK
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Edey W, King RL, Larsen DJ, Stege R. The “Being Hopeful in the Face of Chronic Pain” Program: A Counseling Program for People Experiencing Chronic Pain. JOURNAL FOR SPECIALISTS IN GROUP WORK 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/01933922.2016.1146378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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