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Savela MFB, Noschang JP, Barbosa AA, Feijó JDO, Rabassa VR, Schmitt E, Pino FABD, Corrêa MN, Brauner CC. Supplementation of a dried, fungal fermentation product with fibrolytic enzymatic activity in the diet of dairy cows on feeding behavior, metabolic profile, milk yield, and milk composition. Livest Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2022.104945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Sabuncu A, Enginler SÖ, Yıldar E, Karaçam E, Evkuran Dal G, Başaran Kahraman B. Unilateral mastectomy as an alternative treatment for gangrenous mastitis in a Saanen goat. Int J Vet Sci Med 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijvsm.2015.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Sabuncu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University, Avcılar, 34320 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sinem Özlem Enginler
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University, Avcılar, 34320 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Esma Yıldar
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University, Avcılar, 34320 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Esra Karaçam
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University, Avcılar, 34320 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gamze Evkuran Dal
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University, Avcılar, 34320 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Beren Başaran Kahraman
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University, Avcılar, 34320 Istanbul, Turkey
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Artegoitia V, Meikle A, Olazabal L, Damián JP, Adrien ML, Mattiauda DA, Bermudez J, Torre A, Carriquiry M. Milk casein and fatty acid fractions in early lactation are affected by nutritional regulation of body condition score at the beginning of the transition period in primiparous and multiparous cows under grazing conditions. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2012; 97:919-32. [PMID: 22897762 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0396.2012.01338.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The objective was to evaluate the effect of body condition score (BCS) at 30 days before calving (-30 days) induced by a differential nutritional management, parity and week of lactation (WOL) on milk yield and composition, and milk casein and fatty acid composition. Primiparous and multiparous Holstein cows with high BCS (PH, n = 13; MH, n = 9) and low BCS (PL, n = 9; ML = 8) under grazing conditions were sampled at WOL 2 and 8 (before and after peak of lactation). Milk yield was greater in multiparous than in primiparous cows and tended to decrease from WOL 2 to 8 only in ML cows. Milk protein, fat and casein yields were greater in multiparous than in primiparous cows and decreased from WOL 2 to 8. Milk casein concentration in milk protein was greater in MH cows than in ML, PH and PL cows at WOL 2. Milk κ-casein was greater, and β-casein was less in multiparous than in primiparous cows. As lactation progressed, proportion of casein fractions were not altered. Only κ-casein fraction was affected by BCS at -30 days as PL showed a higher concentration than PH. The de novo (4:0-15:1) and mixed-origin fatty acids (16:0-16:1) in milk fat increased, whereas preformed fatty acids (≥17:0) decreased from WOL 2 to 8. Saturated (SAT) fatty acids tended to be greater and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) were less in multiparous than in primiparous cows. High-BCS cows had greater concentrations of polyunsaturated (PUFA), conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) as well as n-6 and n-3 fatty acids in milk fat than low-BCS cows. The results indicate that casein and fatty acid fractions in milk were affected by parity and may be modified by a differential nutritional management during the pre-calving period (BCS at -30 days) in cows under grazing conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Artegoitia
- Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de la República Oriental del Uruguay, Montevideo, Uruguay Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República Oriental del Uruguay, Montevideo, Uruguay Laboratorio Tecnológico del Uruguay, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - A Meikle
- Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de la República Oriental del Uruguay, Montevideo, Uruguay Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República Oriental del Uruguay, Montevideo, Uruguay Laboratorio Tecnológico del Uruguay, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - L Olazabal
- Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de la República Oriental del Uruguay, Montevideo, Uruguay Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República Oriental del Uruguay, Montevideo, Uruguay Laboratorio Tecnológico del Uruguay, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - J P Damián
- Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de la República Oriental del Uruguay, Montevideo, Uruguay Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República Oriental del Uruguay, Montevideo, Uruguay Laboratorio Tecnológico del Uruguay, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - M L Adrien
- Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de la República Oriental del Uruguay, Montevideo, Uruguay Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República Oriental del Uruguay, Montevideo, Uruguay Laboratorio Tecnológico del Uruguay, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - D A Mattiauda
- Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de la República Oriental del Uruguay, Montevideo, Uruguay Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República Oriental del Uruguay, Montevideo, Uruguay Laboratorio Tecnológico del Uruguay, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - J Bermudez
- Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de la República Oriental del Uruguay, Montevideo, Uruguay Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República Oriental del Uruguay, Montevideo, Uruguay Laboratorio Tecnológico del Uruguay, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - A Torre
- Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de la República Oriental del Uruguay, Montevideo, Uruguay Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República Oriental del Uruguay, Montevideo, Uruguay Laboratorio Tecnológico del Uruguay, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - M Carriquiry
- Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de la República Oriental del Uruguay, Montevideo, Uruguay Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República Oriental del Uruguay, Montevideo, Uruguay Laboratorio Tecnológico del Uruguay, Montevideo, Uruguay
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Biziulevičius GA, Biziulevičienė G, Kazlauskaitė J. Human body as an operable reactor (‘walking fermentator’) for self-purposed production of immunostimulatory microbial lysis products. Med Hypotheses 2008; 71:600-1. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2008.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2008] [Revised: 06/10/2008] [Accepted: 06/12/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Biziulevicius GA. Where do the immunostimulatory effects of oral proteolytic enzymes (‘systemic enzyme therapy’) come from? Microbial proteolysis as a possible starting point. Med Hypotheses 2006; 67:1386-8. [PMID: 16870353 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2006.05.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2006] [Revised: 05/23/2006] [Accepted: 05/23/2006] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Enteric-coated proteolytic enzyme preparations like Wobenzym and Phlogenzym are widely used for the so-called 'systemic enzyme therapy' both in humans and animals. Numerous publications reveal that oral proteolytic enzymes are able to stimulate directly the activity of immune competent cells as well as to increase efficiency of some of their products. But origins of the immunostimulatory effects of oral proteolytic enzymes are still unclear. The hypothesis described here suggests that it may be proteolysis of intestinal microorganisms that makes the immune competent cells to work in the immunostimulatory manner. The hypothesis was largely formed by several scientific observations: First, microbial lysis products (lipopolysaccharides, muropeptides and other peptidoglycan fragments, beta-glucans, etc.) are well known for their immunostimulatory action. Second, a normal human being hosts a mass of intestinal microorganisms equivalent to about 1 kg. The biomass (mainly due to naturally occurring autolysis) continuously supplies the host's organism with immunostimulatory microbial cell components. Third, the immunostimulatory effects resulting from the oral application of exogenously acting antimicrobial (lytic) enzyme preparations, such as lysozyme and lysosubtilin, are likely to be a result of the action of microbial lysis products. Fourth, cell walls of most microorganisms contain a considerable amount of proteins/peptides, a possible target for exogenous proteolytic enzymes. In fact, several authors have already shown that a number of proteases possess an ability to lyse the microbial cells in vitro. Fifth, the pretreatment of microbial cells (at least of some species) in vitro with proteolytic enzymes makes them more sensitive to the lytic action of lysozyme and, otherwise, pretreatment with lysozyme makes them more susceptible to proteolytic degradation. Sixth, exogenous proteases, when in the intestines, may participate in final steps of food-protein digestion. The resulting food-borne peptides have recently been shown to be potential activators of microbial autolysis. The main question that needs to be answered in order to verify the hypothesis is whether oral proteases are able (and to what extent) to lyse/mediate lysis of intestinal microorganisms in situ. Methods based on up-to-date molecular biology techniques to allow investigation of the influence of exogenous proteases on microbial lysis processes in vivo (in the intestines) need to be developed. Research testing of this hypothesis may have an important impact in development of novel preparations for the systemic enzyme therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gediminas A Biziulevicius
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Institute of Immunology, Vilnius University, 29 Moletu plentas, LT-08409 Vilnius, Lithuania.
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