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Belmabrouk S, Abdelhedi R, Bougacha F, Bouzid F, Gargouri H, Ayadi I, Abdelmoula NB, Abdelmoula B, Abdellaoui N, BenMarzoug R, Triki N, Torjmen M, Kharrat M, Jmaiel M, Kharrat N, Rebai A. Prevalence of self-reported food allergy in Tunisia: General trends and probabilistic modeling. World Allergy Organ J 2023; 16:100813. [PMID: 37811397 PMCID: PMC10558849 DOI: 10.1016/j.waojou.2023.100813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Food allergy (FA) has become a major public health concern affecting millions of children and adults worldwide. In Tunisia, published data on FA are scarce. Methods This study, was intended to fill the gap and estimate the frequency of allergy to different foods in the Sfax region, Tunisia, within self-reported FA. One hundred twenty-five (125) children (56% males, 1-17 years old), and 306 adults (17% males, 18-70 years old) were interviewed using a bilingual questionnaire. Results The number of self-reported food allergens in this sample was 105; allergens were clustered in 8 foods: fruits, seafood, eggs, milk and dairy, cereals, nuts, vegetables, and peanuts. Cutaneous reactions were the most frequent symptoms, in both children and adults. About 40% of children and 30% of adults had a family history of FA. About 81% of adults and 38% of children are allergic to at least 1 non-food allergen. The most prevalent food allergen was the fruit group in both adults and children, followed by seafood. Most food allergies were mutually exclusive and 90% of individuals have a single FA. The relationship between self-declared FA was modeled using a Bayesian network graphical model in order to estimate conditional probabilities of each FA when other FA is present. Conclusions Our findings suggest that the prevalence of self-reported FA in Tunisia depends on dietary habits and food availability since the most frequent allergens are from foods that are highly consumed by the Tunisian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrine Belmabrouk
- Laboratory of Screening Cellular and Molecular Process, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, Sidi Mansour Road km 7, P.O Box 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Rania Abdelhedi
- Laboratory of Screening Cellular and Molecular Process, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, Sidi Mansour Road km 7, P.O Box 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Fadia Bougacha
- National Institute of Statistics, 70, Ech-cham Road, P.O Box 265 CEDEX. Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Fériel Bouzid
- Laboratory of Screening Cellular and Molecular Process, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, Sidi Mansour Road km 7, P.O Box 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Héla Gargouri
- Laboratory of Screening Cellular and Molecular Process, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, Sidi Mansour Road km 7, P.O Box 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Imen Ayadi
- Laboratory of Screening Cellular and Molecular Process, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, Sidi Mansour Road km 7, P.O Box 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
- Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, La Soukra Road km 4 - BP 1171-3000, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Nouha Bouayed Abdelmoula
- Genomics of Signalopathies at The Service of Medicine, Medical University of Sfax, Majida Boulila Road, Tunisia
| | - Balkiss Abdelmoula
- Genomics of Signalopathies at The Service of Medicine, Medical University of Sfax, Majida Boulila Road, Tunisia
| | - Nawel Abdellaoui
- Genomics of Signalopathies at The Service of Medicine, Medical University of Sfax, Majida Boulila Road, Tunisia
| | - Riadh BenMarzoug
- Laboratory of Screening Cellular and Molecular Process, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, Sidi Mansour Road km 7, P.O Box 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Nersrine Triki
- Laboratory of Screening Cellular and Molecular Process, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, Sidi Mansour Road km 7, P.O Box 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mouna Torjmen
- ReDCAD, National Engineering School of Sfax, La Soukra Road km4, 3038, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Kharrat
- Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, La Soukra Road km 4 - BP 1171-3000, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Jmaiel
- ReDCAD, National Engineering School of Sfax, La Soukra Road km4, 3038, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Najla Kharrat
- Laboratory of Screening Cellular and Molecular Process, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, Sidi Mansour Road km 7, P.O Box 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Ahmed Rebai
- Laboratory of Screening Cellular and Molecular Process, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, Sidi Mansour Road km 7, P.O Box 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
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Jiaqi W, Yanjun C. Research progress on the allergic mechanism, molecular properties, and immune cross-reactivity of the egg allergen Gal d 5. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1205671. [PMID: 37351194 PMCID: PMC10282150 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1205671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Eggs and their products are commonly consumed in food products worldwide, and in addition to dietary consumption, egg components are widely used in the food industry for their antimicrobial, cooking, and other functional properties. Globally, eggs are the second most common allergenic food after milk. However, current research on egg allergy primarily focuses on egg white allergens, while research on egg yolk allergens is not comprehensive enough. Therefore, summarizing and analyzing the important allergen α-livetin in egg yolk is significant in elucidating the mechanism of egg allergy and exploring effective desensitization methods. This paper discusses the incidence, underlying mechanism, and clinical symptoms of egg allergy. This article provides a comprehensive summary and analysis of the current research status concerning the molecular structural properties, epitopes, and immune cross-reactivity of the egg yolk allergen, Gal d 5. Additionally, it examines the effects of various processing methods on egg allergens. The article also offers suggestions and outlines potential future research directions and ideas in this field.
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3
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Are Physicochemical Properties Shaping the Allergenic Potency of Animal Allergens? Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2021; 62:1-36. [DOI: 10.1007/s12016-020-08826-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Ma X, Liang R, Xing Q, Lozano‐Ojalvo D. Can food processing produce hypoallergenic egg? J Food Sci 2020; 85:2635-2644. [DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Ma
- School of Public Health Zunyi Medical University Zunyi 563000 China
| | - Rui Liang
- School of Public Health Zunyi Medical University Zunyi 563000 China
| | - Qianlu Xing
- Department of Pediatrics The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University Zunyi 563000 China
| | - Daniel Lozano‐Ojalvo
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CSIC‐UAM) Madrid 28049 Spain
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Gazme B, Rezaei K, Udenigwe CC. Effect of enzyme immobilization and in vitro digestion on the immune-reactivity and sequence of IgE epitopes in egg white proteins. Food Funct 2020; 11:6632-6642. [DOI: 10.1039/d0fo00938e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Immune-reactivity reduction of egg white proteins by free and immobilized enzymes and determination of degraded IgE epitopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behzad Gazme
- Department of Food Science
- Engineering
- and Technology
- University of Tehran
- 31587-77871 Karaj
| | - Karamatollah Rezaei
- Department of Food Science
- Engineering
- and Technology
- University of Tehran
- 31587-77871 Karaj
| | - Chibuike C. Udenigwe
- School of Nutrition Sciences
- Faculty of Health Sciences
- Ottawa
- Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences
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Mejrhit N, Azdad O, El Kabbaoui M, Chda A, Tazi A, Bencheikh R, Aarab L. Fish consumption associated with reduction of fish allergy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1108/nfs-04-2017-0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to examine the differences in the self-reported allergies to food, especially fish and shellfish, between children and adults, and to study the association between fish consumption and self-reported fish and shellfish allergy (FSA) according to age.
Design/methodology/approach
This study is based on a survey conducted between April 2014 and December 2016 where children and adults were recruited from the general population of the Fez-Meknes region. The total studied population was 4,046 people.
Findings
The results show that the self-reported food allergy (FA) of the general population was more frequent among children (28.2 per cent) than adults (16.8 per cent), in which eggs, fish/shellfish, milk and cereals were the most common food cited. With regard to the self-reported FSA, the authors found a prevalence of 9.5 per cent in both children and adults, whereas fish species allergies were more frequent among adults than children. The most common clinical manifestations observed in this population were cutaneous reactions. The study of the association between fish consumption and FSA shows that people who consumed fish had a lower rate of FSA, especially in adults (p < 0.001).
Originality/value
The self-reported FA of the general population was more pronounced in children than adults. Regarding the self-reported FSA, the authors have shown a prevalence of 9.5 per cent in both children and adults, indicating an important sensitivity of their population to fish and shellfish. The authors have shown that consumption of fish was associated significantly with a lower rate of FSA, especially in adults.
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Mejrhit N, Azdad O, El Kabbaoui M, Ouahidi I, Tazi A, Aarab L. Sensitivity of Moroccans to sardine parvalbumin and effect of heating and enzymatic treatments. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2017.1343804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Najlae Mejrhit
- Faculty of Sciences & Techniques, Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules (LMBSF), University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fez, Morocco
| | - Ouarda Azdad
- Faculty of Sciences & Techniques, Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules (LMBSF), University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fez, Morocco
| | - Mohamed El Kabbaoui
- Faculty of Sciences & Techniques, Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules (LMBSF), University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fez, Morocco
| | - Ibtissam Ouahidi
- High Institute of Nursing and Technical Health, Ministry of Health, Fez, Morocco
| | - Abdelali Tazi
- Faculty of Sciences & Techniques, Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules (LMBSF), University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fez, Morocco
| | - Lotfi Aarab
- Faculty of Sciences & Techniques, Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules (LMBSF), University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fez, Morocco
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Azdad O, Mejrhit N, El Kabbaoui M, Chda A, Ouahidi I, Tazi A, Bencheikh R, Aarab L. Effect of heating and enzymatic hydrolysis on casein cow milk sensitivity in Moroccan population. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2017.1391179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ouarda Azdad
- Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules (LBM), Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
| | - Najlae Mejrhit
- Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules (LBM), Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
| | - Mohamed El Kabbaoui
- Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules (LBM), Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
| | - Alae Chda
- Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules (LBM), Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
| | - Ibtissam Ouahidi
- High Institute of Nursing and Technical Health (ISPITS Fez), Ministry of Health, Fez, Morocco
| | - Abdelali Tazi
- Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules (LBM), Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
| | - Rachid Bencheikh
- Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules (LBM), Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
| | - Lotfi Aarab
- Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules (LBM), Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
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Mejrhit N, Azdad O, Aarab L. Evaluation of the IgE reactivity of common pandora parvalbumin in a Moroccan population and action of heating and enzymatic treatments. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2017.1360256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Najlae Mejrhit
- Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules (LMBSF), Faculty of Sciences & Techniques, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fez, Morocco
| | - Ouarda Azdad
- Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules (LMBSF), Faculty of Sciences & Techniques, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fez, Morocco
| | - Lotfi Aarab
- Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules (LMBSF), Faculty of Sciences & Techniques, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fez, Morocco
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Mejrhit N, Azdad O, Chda A, El Kabbaoui M, Bousfiha A, Bencheikh R, Tazi A, Aarab L. Evaluation of the sensitivity of Moroccans to shrimp tropomyosin and effect of heating and enzymatic treatments. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2017.1323187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Najlae Mejrhit
- Faculty of Sciences & Techniques, Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules (LMBSF), University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fez, Morocco
| | - Ouarda Azdad
- Faculty of Sciences & Techniques, Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules (LMBSF), University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fez, Morocco
| | - Alae Chda
- Faculty of Sciences & Techniques, Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules (LMBSF), University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fez, Morocco
| | - Mohamed El Kabbaoui
- Faculty of Sciences & Techniques, Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules (LMBSF), University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fez, Morocco
| | - Amal Bousfiha
- Faculty of Sciences & Techniques, Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules (LMBSF), University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fez, Morocco
| | - Rachid Bencheikh
- Faculty of Sciences & Techniques, Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules (LMBSF), University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fez, Morocco
| | - Abdelali Tazi
- Faculty of Sciences & Techniques, Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules (LMBSF), University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fez, Morocco
| | - Lotfi Aarab
- Faculty of Sciences & Techniques, Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules (LMBSF), University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fez, Morocco
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Liu F, Lin LR, Zhang HL, Liu GL, Tong ML, Zeng YL, Huang SJ, Huang CL, Liu LL, Yang TC. Laboratorial characteristics of patients with diarrhoea suffering from egg white allergy. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2014; 42:180-5. [PMID: 23850121 DOI: 10.1016/j.aller.2013.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Revised: 04/14/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Egg allergy is associated with diarrhoeal symptoms. However, the mechanism underlying allergic diarrhoea remains unclear. OBJECTIVE To determine whether egg white-specific IgE antibodies coexist with egg white-specific IgG antibodies in patients with egg allergy featuring diarrhoeal symptoms, and whether there is any relationship between these two antibody types. METHODS A total of 89 patients with egg allergy featuring diarrhoeal symptoms (average age, 23.2 years; range, 1-78 years), all of whom tested positive for egg white-specific IgG, were enrolled in this study. The concentration of total IgE, egg white-specific IgE and number of eosinophils in the serum were determined. RESULTS Among the 89 egg white allergic patients tested, 49 (55.1%) patients showed high reactivity to egg white-specific IgG, 48 (53.9%) patients had elevated serum total IgE levels, and 25 (28.1%) patients had elevated absolute eosinophil numbers. Out of the 89 egg white allergic patients, 25 showed elevated egg white-specific IgE antibody levels. Of the 25 patients who were positive for egg white-specific IgE antibody, 21 presented high sensitive reaction to egg white-specific IgG, three presented moderate sensitive reaction to egg white-specific IgG, and one presented mild sensitive reaction to egg white-specific IgG. A moderate correlation between egg white-specific IgG and egg white-specific IgE, egg white-specific IgG and absolute eosinophil number was found in the egg white allergic patients (r=0.438, P=0.000; r=0.322, P=0.002). Egg white-specific IgE levels varied in different age groups; the egg white-specific IgE concentration of younger patients (age≤18 years, mean rank 54.29) was significantly higher than that of the adult patients (age>18 years, mean rank 34.61) (Z=-3.629, P=0.000). CONCLUSION Egg white-specific IgE antibody could coexist with egg white-specific IgG antibody in patients suffering from egg white allergy. Aberrant changes in the concentration of egg white-specific IgE antibody were associated with the presence of egg white-specific IgG antibody.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Liu
- Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361004, China
| | - L-R Lin
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361004, China; Xiamen Zhongshan Hospital, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiamen 361004, China
| | - H-L Zhang
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361004, China
| | - G-L Liu
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361004, China
| | - M-L Tong
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361004, China
| | - Y-L Zeng
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361004, China
| | - S-J Huang
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361004, China
| | - C-L Huang
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361004, China
| | - L-L Liu
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361004, China; Xiamen Zhongshan Hospital, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiamen 361004, China
| | - T-C Yang
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361004, China; Xiamen Zhongshan Hospital, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiamen 361004, China.
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Alessandri C, Zennaro D, Scala E, Ferrara R, Bernardi ML, Santoro M, Palazzo P, Mari A. Ovomucoid (Gal d 1) specific IgE detected by microarray system predict tolerability to boiled hen's egg and an increased risk to progress to multiple environmental allergen sensitisation. Clin Exp Allergy 2011; 42:441-50. [PMID: 22168465 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2011.03915.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2011] [Revised: 10/17/2011] [Accepted: 10/21/2011] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Egg allergy is a very common finding in early childhood. Detecting hen's egg (HE) allergy outgrowing and reintroduction of food containing egg is a task for the allergist. OBJECTIVE We sought to evaluate the suitability of boiled egg food challenge compared with IgE to allergenic molecules from HE white using a microarray system. METHOD Sixty-eight children referring to our centre by the family paediatricians for a suspected egg allergy were enrolled. Patients underwent double-blind, placebo-controlled food challenge with boiled and raw eggs. Challenge outcomes were compared with skin tests performed using egg white and yolk commercial extracts, to prick-prick test with boiled and raw egg white and yolk, total IgE, egg white specific IgE detected using ImmunoCAP and IgE to egg allergens available on the immunosolid phase allergen chip (ISAC) 103 microarray. RESULT Nineteen subjects (28%) were reactive to both raw and boiled egg, 14 (20.5%) to raw egg only and 35 (51.4%) tolerated both boiled and raw egg. Efficiency analysis was carried out using both raw and boiled egg challenges as gold standard. Forty four of 47 Gal d 1 negative patients tolerated boiled egg (94%). Conversely, 20 of 21 Gal d 1 positive patients reacted to raw egg (95%). None of the other tests was able to discriminate patients' response to HE challenge. Furthermore, Gal d 1 positivity seems to lead to broader environmental allergen IgE sensitization. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The Gal d 1 IgE reactivity appears to be a very good predictor of HE clinical allergy. Gal d 1 positive children have a high frequency of HE allergy, whereas Gal d 1 negative children have a high frequency of tolerance to boiled egg. Multiple specific IgE detection by means of ISAC improves the diagnostic approach in HE allergic children, disclosing other food and inhalant allergic sensitizations, anyhow requiring a comprehensive clinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Alessandri
- Center for Molecular Allergology, IDI-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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