1
|
Yang Y, Ren MY, Xu XG, Han Y, Zhao X, Li CH, Zhao ZL. Recent advances in simultaneous detection strategies for multi-mycotoxins in foods. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:3932-3960. [PMID: 36330603 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2137775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Mycotoxin contamination has become a challenge in the field of food safety testing, given the increasing emphasis on food safety in recent years. Mycotoxins are widely distributed, in heavily polluted areas. Food contamination with these toxins is difficult to prevent and control. Mycotoxins, as are small-molecule toxic metabolites produced by several species belonging to the genera Aspergillus, Fusarium, and Penicillium growing in food. They are considered teratogenic, carcinogenic, and mutagenic to humans and animals. Food systems are often simultaneously contaminated with multiple mycotoxins. Due to the additive or synergistic toxicological effects caused by the co-existence of multiple mycotoxins, their individual detection requires reliable, accurate, and high-throughput techniques. Currently available, methods for the detection of multiple mycotoxins are mainly based on chromatography, spectroscopy (colorimetry, fluorescence, and surface-enhanced Raman scattering), and electrochemistry. This review provides a comprehensive overview of advances in the multiple detection methods of mycotoxins during the recent 5 years. The principles and features of these techniques are described. The practical applications and challenges associated with assays for multiple detection methods of mycotoxins are summarized. The potential for future development and application is discussed in an effort, to provide standards of references for further research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yang
- School of Quality and Technical Supervision, Hebei University, Baoding, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Metrology Instrument and System, Hebei University, Baoding, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Energy Metering and Safety Testing Technology, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Meng-Yu Ren
- School of Quality and Technical Supervision, Hebei University, Baoding, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Metrology Instrument and System, Hebei University, Baoding, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Energy Metering and Safety Testing Technology, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Xiao-Guang Xu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Yue Han
- School of Quality and Technical Supervision, Hebei University, Baoding, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Metrology Instrument and System, Hebei University, Baoding, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Energy Metering and Safety Testing Technology, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- School of Quality and Technical Supervision, Hebei University, Baoding, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Metrology Instrument and System, Hebei University, Baoding, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Energy Metering and Safety Testing Technology, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Chun-Hua Li
- School of Quality and Technical Supervision, Hebei University, Baoding, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Metrology Instrument and System, Hebei University, Baoding, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Energy Metering and Safety Testing Technology, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Zhi-Lei Zhao
- School of Quality and Technical Supervision, Hebei University, Baoding, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Metrology Instrument and System, Hebei University, Baoding, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Energy Metering and Safety Testing Technology, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Luo S, Liu Y, Guo Q, Wang X, Tian Y, Yang W, Li J, Chen Y. Determination of Zearalenone and Its Derivatives in Feed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry with Immunoaffinity Column Cleanup and Isotope Dilution. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14110764. [PMID: 36356014 PMCID: PMC9697342 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14110764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method was established for the determination of zearalenone and its five derivatives in feed, including zearalanone, α-zearalanol, β-zearalanol, α-zearalenol, and β-zearalenol. An effective immunoaffinity column was prepared for sample purification, which was followed by the silane derivatization of the eluate after an immunoaffinity chromatography analysis for target compounds by GC-MS. Matrix effects were corrected by an isotope internal standard of zearalenone in this method. The six analytes had a good linear relationship in the range of 2-500 ng/mL, and the correlation coefficients were all greater than 0.99. The limits of detection (LODs) and limits of quantification (LOQs) were less than 1.5 μg/kg and 5.0 μg/kg, respectively. The average spike recoveries for the six feed matrices ranged from 89.6% to 112.3% with relative standard deviations (RSDs) less than 12.6%. Twenty actual feed samples were analyzed using the established method, and at least one target was detected. The established GC-MS method was proven to be reliable and suitable for the determination of zearalenone and its derivatives in feed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sunlin Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qi Guo
- Clover Technology Group Inc., Beijing 100044, China
| | - Xiong Wang
- Clover Technology Group Inc., Beijing 100044, China
| | - Ying Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wenjun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Juntao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (Y.C.)
| | - Yiqiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (Y.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Liu Y, Jin Y, Guo Q, Wang X, Luo S, Yang W, Li J, Chen Y. Immunoaffinity Cleanup and Isotope Dilution-Based Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry for the Determination of Six Major Mycotoxins in Feed and Feedstuff. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14090631. [PMID: 36136569 PMCID: PMC9503004 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14090631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for simultaneous determination of deoxynivalenol, aflatoxin B1, zearalenone, ochratoxin A, T-2 toxin and fumonisin B1 in feed and feedstuff was established. The sample was extracted with an acetonitrile–water mixture (60:40, v/v), purified by an immunoaffinity column, eluted with a methanol–acetic acid mixture (98:2, v/v), and reconstituted with a methanol–water mixture (50:50, v/v) after drying with nitrogen. Finally, the reconstituted solution was detected by LC-MS/MS and quantified by isotope internal standard method. The six mycotoxins had a good linear relationship in a certain concentration range, the correlation coefficients were all greater than 0.99, the limits of detection were between 0.075 and 1.5 µg·kg−1, and the limits of quantification were between 0.5 and 5 µg·kg−1. The average spike recoveries in the four feed matrices ranged from 84.2% to 117.1% with relative standard deviations less than 11.6%. Thirty-six actual feed samples were analyzed for mycotoxins, and at least one mycotoxin was detected in each sample. The proposed method is reliable and suitable for detecting common mycotoxins in feed samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yongpeng Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qi Guo
- Clover Technology Group Inc., Beijing 100044, China
| | - Xiong Wang
- Clover Technology Group Inc., Beijing 100044, China
| | - Sunlin Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wenjun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Juntao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (Y.C.)
| | - Yiqiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (Y.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Tang Z, Liu F, Fang F, Ding X, Han Q, Tan Y, Peng C. Solid-phase extraction techniques based on nanomaterials for mycotoxin analysis: An overview for food and agricultural products. J Sep Sci 2022; 45:2273-2300. [PMID: 35389521 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202200067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Mycotoxin contamination is a globally concerned problem for food and agricultural products since it may directly or indirectly induce severe threats to human health. Sensitive and selective screening is an efficient strategy to prevent or reduce human and animal exposure to mycotoxins. However, enormous challenges exist in the determination of mycotoxins, arising from complex sample matrices, trace-level analytes, and the co-occurrence of diverse mycotoxins. Appropriate sample preparation is essential to isolate, purify, and enrich mycotoxins from complicated matrices, thus decreasing sample matrix effects and lowering detection limits. With the cross-disciplinary development, new solid-phase extraction strategies have been exploited and integrated with nanotechnology to meet the challenges of mycotoxin analysis. This review summarizes the advance and progress of solid-phase extraction techniques as the methodological solutions for mycotoxin analysis. Emphases are paid on nanomaterials fabricated as trapping media of SPE techniques, including carbonaceous nanoparticles, metal/metal oxide-based nanoparticles, and nanoporous materials. Advantages and limitations are discussed, along with the potential prospects. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhentao Tang
- Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Technology Center of Chengdu Customs District P. R. China, Chengdu, China
| | - Fang Fang
- Urumqi Customs District P. R. China, Urumqi, China
| | - Xuelu Ding
- School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qingrong Han
- Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuzhu Tan
- Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Guo T, Wang C, Zhou H, Zhang Y, Ma L, Wang S. A facile aptasensor based on polydopamine nanospheres for high-sensitivity sensing of T-2 toxin. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2021; 13:2654-2658. [PMID: 34036989 DOI: 10.1039/d1ay00642h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A facile fluorescent aptasensor based on polydopamine nanospheres (PDANSs) has been proposed for the rapid and high sensitive sensing of T-2 toxin. PDANSs are dopamine-derived synthetic eumelanin polymers with excellent fluorescence quenching ability, dispersibility and biocompatibility. In the assay, 6-carboxyfluorescein (FAM)-labeled aptamers (FAM-aptamers) were adsorbed onto PDANSs via noncovalent bonding, resulting in quenching fluorescence. In the presence of T-2, the binding of T-2 to the aptamers could promote the formation of the A-form duplex hairpin structure, which was used as a sensing platform to detect T-2 on the basis of fluorescence recovery. The results showed that the aptasensor was rapid and sensitive for the detection of T-2 toxin with a linear detection range of 10-180 μg L-1 and a detection limit of 7.23 μg L-1. The performance of the proposed method was comparable with that of the liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method (LC-MS). Thus, the aptasensor could be used for the determination of real samples. The design method proposed in this study provides a strategy for the development of PDANS-based toxin biosensors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Guo
- Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China.
| | - Changchang Wang
- Institute of Environment and Safety, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan 430207, P. R. China
| | - Hongyuan Zhou
- Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China.
| | - Yuhao Zhang
- Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China. and Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
| | - Liang Ma
- Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China. and Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China and Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China. and Medical College, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Delaunay N, Combès A, Pichon V. Immunoaffinity Extraction and Alternative Approaches for the Analysis of Toxins in Environmental, Food or Biological Matrices. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12120795. [PMID: 33322240 PMCID: PMC7764248 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12120795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The evolution of instrumentation in terms of separation and detection allowed a real improvement of the sensitivity and analysis time. However, the analysis of ultra-traces of toxins in complex samples requires often a step of purification and even preconcentration before their chromatographic analysis. Therefore, immunoaffinity sorbents based on specific antibodies thus providing a molecular recognition mechanism appear as powerful tools for the selective extraction of a target molecule and its structural analogs to obtain more reliable and sensitive quantitative analysis in environmental, food or biological matrices. This review focuses on immunosorbents that have proven their efficiency in selectively extracting various types of toxins of various sizes (from small mycotoxins to large proteins) and physicochemical properties. Immunosorbents are now commercially available, and their use has been validated for numerous applications. The wide variety of samples to be analyzed, as well as extraction conditions and their impact on extraction yields, is discussed. In addition, their potential for purification and thus suppression of matrix effects, responsible for quantification problems especially in mass spectrometry, is presented. Due to their similar properties, molecularly imprinted polymers and aptamer-based sorbents that appear to be an interesting alternative to antibodies are also briefly addressed by comparing their potential with that of immunosorbents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Delaunay
- Department of Analytical, Bioanalytical Sciences and Miniaturization (LSABM), CBI ESPCI Paris, PSL University, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France; (N.D.); (A.C.)
| | - Audrey Combès
- Department of Analytical, Bioanalytical Sciences and Miniaturization (LSABM), CBI ESPCI Paris, PSL University, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France; (N.D.); (A.C.)
| | - Valérie Pichon
- Department of Analytical, Bioanalytical Sciences and Miniaturization (LSABM), CBI ESPCI Paris, PSL University, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France; (N.D.); (A.C.)
- Department of Chemistry, Sorbonne University, 75005 Paris, France
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|