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Knowledge of Antiretroviral Treatment and Associated Factors in HIV-Infected Patients. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:healthcare9040483. [PMID: 33923916 PMCID: PMC8073643 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9040483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the knowledge of antiretroviral (ARV) treatment and the associated factors in HIV-infected patients in Vietnam. We conducted a cross-sectional descriptive study of 350 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients being treated with ARV at outpatient clinics at Soc Trang, Vietnam, from June 2019 to December 2019. Using an interview questionnaire, patients who answered at least eight out of nine questions correctly, including some required questions, were considered to have a general knowledge of ARV treatment. Using multivariate logistic regression to identify factors associated with knowledge of ARV treatment, we found that 62% of HIV-infected patients had a general knowledge of ARV treatment, with a mean score of 8.2 (SD 1.4) out of 9 correct. A higher education level (p < 0.001); working away from home (p = 0.013); getting HIV transmitted by injecting drugs or from mother-to-child contact (p = 0.023); the presence of tension, anxiety, or stress (p = 0.005); self-reminding to take medication (p = 0.024); and a high self-evaluated adherence (p < 0.001) were found to be significantly associated with an adequate knowledge of ARV treatment. In conclusion, education programs for patients, as well as the quality of medical services and support, should be strengthened.
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Schatz E, Knight L, Belli RF, Mojola SA. Assessing the feasibility of a life history calendar to measure HIV risk and health in older South Africans. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0226024. [PMID: 31940307 PMCID: PMC6961824 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Life history calendars capture patterns of behavior over time, uncovering transitions and trajectories. Despite the growing numbers of older persons living with HIV in southern Africa, little is known about how HIV testing and risk unfold in this population. Operationalizing a life course approach with the use of an innovative Testing and Risk History Calendar [TRHC], we collected pilot data on older South Africans' risk and HIV testing. We found older persons were able to provide (1) reference points to facilitate recall over a 10-year period, (2) specifics about HIV tests during that decade, and (3) details that contextualize the testing data, such as living arrangements, relationships, and health status. Interviewer debriefing sessions after each interview captured information on context and links across domains. On a larger scale, the TRHC has potential to reveal pathways between sexual behavior, HIV testing and risk perception, and health at older ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enid Schatz
- Department of Public Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- MRC/Wits Rural Health and Health Transitions Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Lucia Knight
- School of Public Health, University of the Western Cape, Belville, South Africa
| | - Robert F. Belli
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Sanyu A. Mojola
- Department of Sociology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
- Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
- Office of Population Research, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
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A Comparison of Home-Based Versus Outreach Event-Based Community HIV Testing in Ugandan Fisherfolk Communities. AIDS Behav 2017; 21:547-560. [PMID: 27900501 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-016-1629-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
We compared two community-based HIV testing models among fisherfolk in Lake Victoria, Uganda. From May to July 2015, 1364 fisherfolk residents of one island were offered (and 822 received) home-based testing, and 344 fisherfolk on another island were offered testing during eight community mobilization events (outreach event-based testing). Of 207 home-based testing clients identified as HIV-positive (15% of residents), 82 were newly diagnosed, of whom 31 (38%) linked to care within 3 months. Of 41 who screened positive during event-based testing (12% of those tested), 33 were newly diagnosed, of whom 24 (75%) linked to care within 3 months. Testing costs per capita were similar for home-based ($45.09) and event-based testing ($46.99). Compared to event-based testing, home-based testing uncovered a higher number of new HIV cases but was associated with lower linkage to care. Novel community-based test-and-treat programs are needed to ensure timely linkage to care for newly diagnosed fisherfolk.
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Impact of community-based HIV/AIDS treatment on household incomes in Uganda. PLoS One 2013; 8:e65625. [PMID: 23840347 PMCID: PMC3688731 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Accepted: 04/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Though health benefits to households in developing countries from antiretroviral treatment (ART) programs are widely reported in the literature, specific estimates regarding impacts of treatments on household incomes are rare. This type of information is important to governments and donors, as it is an indication of returns to their ART investments, and to better understand the role of HIV/AIDS in development. The objective of this study is to estimate the impact of a community-based ART program on household incomes in a previously underserved rural region of Uganda. A community-based ART program, based largely on labor contributions from community volunteers, was implemented and evaluated. All households with HIV/AIDS patients enrolled in the treatment programme (n = 134 households) were surveyed five times; once at the beginning of the treatment and every three months thereafter for a period of one year. Data were collected on household income from cash earnings and value of own production. The analysis, using ordinary least squares and quantile regressions, identifies the impact of the ART program on household incomes over the first year of the treatment, while controlling for heterogeneity in household characteristics and temporal changes. As a result of the treatment, health conditions of virtually all patients improved, and household incomes increased by approximately 30% to 40%, regardless of household income quantile. These increases in income, however, varied significantly depending on socio-demographic and socio-economic control variables. Overall, results show large and significant impacts of the ART program on household incomes, suggesting large returns to public investments in ART, and that treating HIV/AIDS is an important precondition for development. Moreover, development programs that invest in human capital and build wealth are important complements that can increase the returns to ART programs.
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Wynne A, Jhangri GS, Richter S, Alibhai A, Rubaale T, Kipp W. Tuberculosis in the era of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus: assessment and comparison of community knowledge of both infections in rural Uganda. BMC INTERNATIONAL HEALTH AND HUMAN RIGHTS 2012; 12:36. [PMID: 23254144 PMCID: PMC3541975 DOI: 10.1186/1472-698x-12-36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED BACKGROUND In Uganda, despite a significant public health burden of tuberculosis (TB) in the context of high human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevalence, little is known about community knowledge of TB. The purpose of this study was to assess and compare knowledge about TB and HIV in the general population of western Uganda and to examine common knowledge gaps and misconceptions. METHODS We implemented a multi-stage survey design to randomly survey 360 participants from one district in western Uganda. Weighted summary knowledge scores for TB and HIV were calculated and multiple linear regression (with knowledge score as the dependant variable) was used to determine significant predictors. Six focus group discussions were conducted to supplement survey findings. RESULTS Mean (SD) HIV knowledge score was 58 (12) and TB knowledge score was 33 (15), both scores out of 100. The TB knowledge score was statistically significantly (p < 0.001) lower. Multivariate regression models included age, sex, marital status, education, residence, and having a friend with HIV/TB as independent variables. TB knowledge was predicted by rural residence (coefficient = -6.27, 95% CI: -11.7 to -0.8), and age ≥45 years (coefficient = 7.45, 95% CI: 0.3-14.6). HIV knowledge was only predicted by higher education (coefficient = 0.94, 95%CI: 0.3-1.6). Focus group participants mentioned various beliefs in the aetiology of TB including sharing cups, alcohol consumption, smoking, air pollution, and HIV. Some respondents believed that TB was not curable. CONCLUSION TB knowledge is low and many misconceptions about TB exist: these should be targeted through health education programs. Both TB and HIV-infection knowledge gaps could be better addressed through an integrated health education program on both infections, whereby TB program managers include HIV information and vice versa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Wynne
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, 3-300 Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, 11405 87th Ave, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - Gian S Jhangri
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, 3-300 Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, 11405 87th Ave, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - Solina Richter
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, 5-269 Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, 11405 87th Ave, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - Arif Alibhai
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, 3-300 Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, 11405 87th Ave, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - Tom Rubaale
- Health Department, Kabarole District Administration, Fort Portal, Uganda
| | - Walter Kipp
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, 3-300 Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, 11405 87th Ave, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1C9, Canada
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Graffy J, Goodhart C, Sennett K, Kamusiime G, Tukamushaba H. Young people's perspectives on the adoption of preventive measures for HIV/AIDS, malaria and family planning in South-West Uganda: focus group study. BMC Public Health 2012; 12:1022. [PMID: 23173993 PMCID: PMC3567985 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-12-1022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2012] [Accepted: 10/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite the possibility of preventing many cases of HIV, malaria and unplanned pregnancy, protective measures are often not taken by those at risk in Uganda. The study aim was to explore young people’s perspectives on the reasons why this is so. Methods Focus groups were conducted with 100 secondary school and college students in Kanungu, Uganda in 2011. Three parallel groups considered HIV, malaria and family planning, and common messages were then explored jointly in a workshop based on the RE-AIM framework (Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation and Maintenance). Results Participants identified various reasons why preventive action was not always taken. They worried about the effectiveness and side effects of several key interventions: condoms, antiretroviral treatment, various contraceptives and impregnated mosquito nets. Cost, rural isolation and the quality and availability of health services also limited the extent to which people were able to follow health advice. Although there was respect for policy supporting abstinence and fidelity, it was seen as hard to follow and offering inadequate protection when gender imbalance put pressure on women to have sex. Conclusions There is an opportunity to improve the uptake of preventive measures by tackling the misconceptions and fears that participants reported with clear, evidence-based messages. This should be done in a way that encourages more open communication about reproductive health between men and women, that reaches out to isolated communities, that draws on both voluntary and government services and enlists young people so that they can shape their future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Graffy
- Department of Public Health & Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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Negin J, Nemser B, Cumming R, Lelerai E, Ben Amor Y, Pronyk P. HIV attitudes, awareness and testing among older adults in Africa. AIDS Behav 2012; 16:63-8. [PMID: 21739287 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-011-9994-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In Africa, older adults aged 50 and older are still sexually active and play a critical role as caregivers, yet little is known about their attitudes towards HIV and awareness of services. In this study, surveys were conducted in nine African sites. A multilevel model was fitted to evaluate the relationship between age and outcome variables. The study reveals that people aged 50 years and older have lower levels of HIV-related knowledge and awareness than those aged 25-49. Older adults were less likely to have been tested for HIV and women aged 50 and older showed particularly low levels of awareness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Negin
- Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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Liu Y, Canada K, Shi K, Corrigan P. HIV-related stigma acting as predictors of unemployment of people living with HIV/AIDS. AIDS Care 2011; 24:129-35. [DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2011.596512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- a Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
- b Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Kelli Canada
- c School of Social Service Administration , University of Chicago , Chicago , USA
| | - Kan Shi
- d Management School , Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Patrick Corrigan
- e Institute of Psychology, Illinois Institute of Technology , Chicago , USA
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