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Tie J, Li S, He W, Li Y, Liao F, Xue J, Bai B, Yang J, Wu J. Study of metabolite differences of flue-cured tobacco from Canada (CT157) and Yunnan (Yunyan 87). Heliyon 2024; 10:e32417. [PMID: 38961940 PMCID: PMC11219350 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
In order to comprehend the dissimilarities in tobacco quality between Canada and Yunnan, a comparison of the aroma components was conducted using GC-MS and HPLC analysis, coupled with orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). The study revealed the detection of a total of 81 aroma components and 22 non-volatile components in both varieties of tobacco leaves. Specifically, there were 102 components of Canada tobacco leaves and 103 components of Yunnan tobacco leaves. Subsequently, a screening was performed on these two types of tobacco leaves, identifying 51 differential components, which accounted for approximately 49.5 % of the overall components detected. Among these, Canada tobacco exhibited a higher concentration of 22 components, comprising roughly 36.4 % of the total, which were primarily composed of semi-volatile organic acids and sesquiterpenes. On the other hand, Yunnan tobacco was characterized by a comparatively higher content of 43 components, constituting approximately 63.6 %, including fatty acid esters, phenols, diterpenes, sugars, and amino acids. Comparatively, Canada tobacco demonstrated elevated levels of fatty acids and sesquiterpenes, while the content of fatty acid esters and diterpenes was relatively lower. These distinctions in aroma components potentially contribute to the varied sensory aroma profiles exhibited by the two types of tobacco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxin Tie
- Ningbo Tobacco Factory, China Tobacco Zhejiang Industiral Co., Ltd., Ningbo, 315000, China
| | - Shitou Li
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Zhejiang Industiral Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Wenmiao He
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Zhejiang Industiral Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Yongsheng Li
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Zhejiang Industiral Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Fu Liao
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Zhejiang Industiral Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Jingjing Xue
- College of Tobacco Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Bing Bai
- College of Tobacco Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Jing Yang
- College of Tobacco Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Jizhong Wu
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Zhejiang Industiral Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, 310000, China
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Pangapanga-Phiri I, Mungatana E, Mhondoro G. Does contract farming arrangement improve smallholder tobacco productivity? Evidence from Zimbabwe. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23862. [PMID: 38205304 PMCID: PMC10777005 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Contract Farming Arrangements (CFA) can be viewed as a pro-active response to lack of reliable markets and steeply rising input prices. CFA proponents argue that CFA can enhance technical efficiency of tobacco farming and productivity. Thus, in this study, the paper interrogates the effect of CFA on tobacco productivity in southern Africa: Hurungwe district of Zimbabwe. The study controls for both observable and unobservable factors, like age, education, and ability to use information-unknown to the researchers, explaining farmers decision to participate in CFA. The study uses the Endogenous Switching Regression (ESR) model, which also acts as a robust check for the Propensity Score Matching techniques as it studies both observable and unobservable factors influencing CFA participation. Based on the ESR model, this study finds that CFA improves tobacco productivity by 39%. Nonetheless, CFA is labour-intensive. Hence, women and the elderly are less likely to participate in CFA, suggesting the need to develop gender-sensitive labour-saving technologies. Even though tobacco products kill their users, we would like to explore whether CFA can make farming more productive or not. We hypothesize that if tobacco farming would be more productive, then perhaps farmers will have enough money to buy food so they can be healthier even if the tobacco leaves, they grow can kill people elsewhere. Thus, these results inform CFA-related policies that improve smallholder tobacco productivity in Southern Africa. With existing tobacco controls, these results are equally valid to other cash crops where most developing economies anticipate the majority resource-constrained smallholder farmers to shift their production systems entirely away from tobacco in the immediate future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Innocent Pangapanga-Phiri
- Center for Agricultural Research and Development (CARD), Department of Agricultural and Applied Economics, Bunda College of Agriculture, Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Lilongwe, Malawi
- Africa Centre for Agricultural Policy Analysis (APA), Department of Agricultural and Applied Economics, Bunda College of Agriculture, Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Lilongwe, Malawi
- Department of Environmental and Natural Resources Management, Bunda College of Agriculture, Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - Eric Mungatana
- Department of Agricultural Economics, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Gwenzi Mhondoro
- Department of Agricultural Economics, Extension and Rural Development, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, Pretoria, South Africa
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Ali M, Shahrier M, Kafy AA, Ara I, Javed A, Fattah M, Rahaman ZA, Tripura K. Environmental impact assessment of tobacco farming in northern Bangladesh. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14505. [PMID: 36967923 PMCID: PMC10036671 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Tobacco farming in Bangladesh has significant and far-reaching environmental impacts, affecting the land, water, and air. While the country has implemented tobacco control measures, the lack of monitoring and enforcement has resulted in environmental degradation and public health concerns. This study aims to document the environmental impact of tobacco farming in Bangladesh, adopting a qualitative approach to collect and analyze data. The study used focus group discussions, key informant interviews, and a structured questionnaire survey to gather data, assessing the impact of tobacco farming on the environment, socioeconomic conditions, and human health using a five-point impact assessment scale. Results illustrated that tobacco cultivation contributes to the ecosystem and natural resource degradation, leading to a loss of habitat diversity and domestic animal death. Soil erosion, water pollution, and air pollution from excessive plowing and pesticide usage have also been observed, causing skin diseases and other health issues. Despite some economic benefits, social conditions have worsened due to drug addiction and conflicts among tobacco workers. The study will help policymakers and environmentalists by highlighting the need to take action in reducing the environmental and social impacts of tobacco farming in Bangladesh. It also informs the public about the potential tobacco production and consumption risks. This study provides important insights into the adverse effects of tobacco farming in Bangladesh and emphasizes the importance of implementing appropriate measures to reduce environmental and public health impacts.
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Morphological and Molecular Identification of Fusarium ipomoeae as the Causative Agent of Leaf Spot Disease in Tobacco from China. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10101890. [DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10101890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.), which creates jobs for 33 million people and contributes two trillion dollars’ tax annually, is one of the most important economic plants globally. However, tobacco is seriously threatened by numerous diseases during production. Previously, the field survey of tobacco diseases was conducted in the Guizhou and Guangxi provinces, the two main tobacco-producing areas in China. A serious leaf spot disease, with a 22% to 35% incidence, was observed in farming plants. In order to determine the causal agents, we collected the disease samples and isolated the pathogenic fungi. The pathogen was identified as Fusariumipomoeae, based on the morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analysis. Pathogenicity tests showed that F. ipomoeae could induce tobacco leaf spot and blight. To our knowledge, this is the first report worldwide of F. ipomoeae causing leaf spots and stems on tobacco. Our study reveals the serious consequences of F. ipomoeae on tobacco filed production and provides information for future diagnosis and management of the Fusarium disease.
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