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Guglielmo A, Pileri A, Toniutto P, Bardazzi F, Potena L, Russo A, Masetti M, Maria Piraccini B, Stinco G. Biologic treatment of psoriasis in solid organ transplant recipients. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2024; 22:283-287. [PMID: 38066381 DOI: 10.1111/ddg.15291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alba Guglielmo
- Dermatology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Policlinico S. Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy
- Institute of Dermatology, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (ASUFC), Udine, Italy
| | - Alessandro Pileri
- Dermatology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Policlinico S. Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Toniutto
- Internal Medicine, Department of Medical Area, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Federico Bardazzi
- Dermatology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Policlinico S. Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luciano Potena
- Cardiology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Antonio Russo
- Cardiology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Masetti
- Cardiology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Bianca Maria Piraccini
- Dermatology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Policlinico S. Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Stinco
- Institute of Dermatology, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (ASUFC), Udine, Italy
- Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
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Guglielmo A, Pileri A, Toniutto P, Bardazzi F, Potena L, Russo A, Masetti M, Piraccini BM, Stinco G. Biologikatherapie der Psoriasis in organtransplantierten Patienten: Biologic treatment of psoriasis in solid organ transplant recipients. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2024; 22:283-287. [PMID: 38361191 DOI: 10.1111/ddg.15291_g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Alba Guglielmo
- Dermatology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Policlinico S. Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy
- Institute of Dermatology, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (ASUFC), Udine, Italy
| | - Alessandro Pileri
- Dermatology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Policlinico S. Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Toniutto
- Internal Medicine, Department of Medical Area, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Federico Bardazzi
- Dermatology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Policlinico S. Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luciano Potena
- Cardiology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Antonio Russo
- Cardiology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Masetti
- Cardiology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Bianca Maria Piraccini
- Dermatology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Policlinico S. Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Stinco
- Institute of Dermatology, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (ASUFC), Udine, Italy
- Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
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3
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Mortaja M, Demehri S. Skin cancer prevention - Recent advances and unmet challenges. Cancer Lett 2023; 575:216406. [PMID: 37734530 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is the second most common malignancy in the world. Among many identified risk factors, immunosuppression is a major factor that contributes to cSCC development. Organ transplant recipients (OTRs) are at markedly increased risk of developing multiple cSCCs with a propensity for advanced metastatic disease, leading to significant morbidity and mortality. The severity of the cSCC phenotype in OTRs highlights the urgent need to identify effective preventive modalities in this population. Despite recent advances in skin cancer prevention (e.g., nicotinamide) and treatment (e.g., immune checkpoint blockade), these modalities have limited utility in OTRs due to the lack of efficacy or significant side effect. Topical treatments against precancerous skin lesions, actinic keratosis (AK), remain the primary strategy to prevent cSCC in OTRs, which also have significant deficiencies in this population. Herein, we review the epidemiology, risk factors, and current cSCC prevention strategies. We highlight the gaps and future clinical strategies to address cSCC risk in high-risk populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Mortaja
- Center for Cancer Immunology and Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Shadmehr Demehri
- Center for Cancer Immunology and Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
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Meneghello LP, Schulz DG, Costa LPD, de Carvalho AVE. Case series: psoriasis in solid organ transplant patients and immunobiological agents. An Bras Dermatol 2023; 98:678-681. [PMID: 37202246 PMCID: PMC10404548 DOI: 10.1016/j.abd.2022.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
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5
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Matcaşu I, Haddad N, Barrou B, Conti F, Barete S. Biotherapies for chronic inflammatory dermatosis in organ transplant recipients: 3 case reports and a literature review. Ann Dermatol Venereol 2023; 150:219-222. [PMID: 36739220 DOI: 10.1016/j.annder.2022.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- I Matcaşu
- Dermatology Unit, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, APHP, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - N Haddad
- Dermatology Unit, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, APHP, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - B Barrou
- Kidney Transplantation Unit, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, APHP, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - F Conti
- Liver Transplantation Unit, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, APHP, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - S Barete
- Dermatology Unit, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, APHP, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.
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Jensen NC, Robins J, Snyder AM, Harris R, Ferris LK, Johnson L. Psoriasis in the transplant population. Arch Dermatol Res 2023; 315:1109-1128. [PMID: 36459192 PMCID: PMC11199078 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-022-02487-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Solid organ and stem cell transplants are increasingly common, and dermatologists will more frequently encounter and need to manage common skin diseases, such as psoriasis, in transplant patients. This review explores psoriasis remission and occurrence in recipients of solid organ and stem cell transplants. Hematopoietic and mesenchymal stem cell transplants may show potential for treating psoriasis in patients with leukemia or who have other medical conditions requiring stem cell transplant. The effects of solid organ transplant are less clear, partly due to limitations in the breadth of the literature. De novo psoriasis has been reported in recipients of solid organ transplants, but the reasons for this development have yet to be fully understood. Overall, the literature on this subject is limited to primarily case reports. Feasibility of studies on the subject may be a considerable barrier to further research assessing the use of transplant for treating psoriasis, but there is potential benefit from transplant for psoriasis patients. This subject should receive further exploration to fully understand these benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jacob Robins
- Department of Dermatology, University of Utah, 30 North 1900 East, 4A330, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA
| | - Ashley M Snyder
- Department of Dermatology, University of Utah, 30 North 1900 East, 4A330, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | - Laura Korb Ferris
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Luke Johnson
- Department of Dermatology, University of Utah, 30 North 1900 East, 4A330, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA.
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Psoriasis Flare in a Liver Transplant Patient: A Case Report of a Successful Treatment With Apremilast. Transplantation 2023; 107:e39-e40. [PMID: 36253917 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000004376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Yen H, Huang C, Huang I, Hung W, Su H, Yen H, Tai C, Haw WY, Flohr C, Yiu ZZ, Chi C. Systematic review and critical appraisal of psoriasis clinical practice guidelines: a Global Guidelines in Dermatology Mapping Project (GUIDEMAP). Br J Dermatol 2022; 187:178-187. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.21047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hsi Yen
- Department of Dermatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Taoyuan Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University Taoyuan Taiwan
| | - Chun‐Hsien Huang
- Department of Dermatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Taoyuan Taiwan
| | - I‐Hsin Huang
- Department of Dermatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Taoyuan Taiwan
| | - Wei‐Kai Hung
- Department of Dermatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Taoyuan Taiwan
| | - Hsing‐Jou Su
- Department of Dermatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Taoyuan Taiwan
| | - Hsuan Yen
- Department of Dermatology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Cheng‐Chen Tai
- Medical Library, Department of Medical Education, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Taoyuan Taiwan
| | - William Y. Haw
- Dermatology Centre, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre Manchester UK
- Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester Manchester UK
| | - Carsten Flohr
- Unit for Population‐Based Dermatology Research, St John’s Institute of Dermatology, King’s College London and Guy’s & St Thomas’ Hospital NHS Foundation Trust London UK
| | - Zenas Z.N. Yiu
- Dermatology Centre, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre Manchester UK
- Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester Manchester UK
| | - Ching‐Chi Chi
- Department of Dermatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Taoyuan Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University Taoyuan Taiwan
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Xie X, Wang Y, Yao S, Xia Y, Luo H, Li L, Lu C. Biologics recommendations for patients with psoriasis: a critical appraisal of clinical practice guidelines for psoriasis. J DERMATOL TREAT 2021; 33:2038-2050. [PMID: 33849360 DOI: 10.1080/09546634.2021.1914306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This review article serves to assess the consistency of recommendations from guidelines on biologic agents for psoriasis, based on the quality evaluation of psoriasis Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPGs). METHODS We conducted a systematic literature search to identify CPGs that provide recommendations on diagnosis and treatment for psoriasis. Four reviewers performed a quality assessment of the included CPGs with the Appraisal of Guidelines Research and Evaluation II (AGREE II) Instrument. RESULTS A total of 51 sets of CPGs from 22 medical societies or separate working groups fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The overall quality of the eligible sets of guidelines was moderate to high, with an overall average score of 55%The highest domain scores were Score and Purpose (70%) and Clarity of Presentation (68%). A total of 95 biologic agent recommendations were extracted from the 18 recommended CPGs.Three biologic agents (Etanercept, Adalimumab, Ustekinumab) were recommended for pediatric patients. Three biologic agents (Adalimumab, Ustekinumab, Secukinumab) were recommended as first-line biologic agents for adults with psoriasis. CONCLUSION The overall methodological quality of CPGs for psoriasis is medium to high. More attention should be paid to applicability in guideline development. The recommendations and the basis for them among various sets guidelines were almost consistent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuli Xie
- Department of Standardization of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Standardization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Engineering and Technology Research Center of Standardization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yangyang Wang
- Department of Standardization of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Standardization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Engineering and Technology Research Center of Standardization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Sha Yao
- Department of Standardization of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yun Xia
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Luo
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lui Li
- Department of Standardization of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Standardization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Engineering and Technology Research Center of Standardization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chuanjian Lu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Dermatology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Ru Y, Yan XN, Yang SQ, Gong LP, Li LE, Chen J, Zhao YD, An YP, Huang G, Zhang JF, Yin QF, Wang RP, Li X, Li B. Oral Taodan granules for mild-to-moderate psoriasis vulgaris: protocol for a randomized, double-blind, multicenter clinical trial. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2019; 7:488. [PMID: 31700924 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2019.09.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background Psoriasis is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease with high recurrence rates and increasing incidence. Patients require long-term medication to reduce symptoms and prevent disease progression. Therefore, the development of treatments with high efficiency and low rate of adverse events is of utmost importance. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) plays an outstanding role in reducing disease symptoms and improving quality of life. The aim of this trial is to clarify the treatment efficacy, safety, and control of disease recurrence in patients with psoriasis with blood-stasis syndrome treated with Taodan granules (TDKL). Methods This trial is a five-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study planned to transpire between September 1, 2019, and December 31, 2021. A sample size of 216 participants (108 per group) with mild-to-moderate psoriasis will be randomly assigned to receive TDKL or placebo twice per day, 7 days per week, for 8 weeks. The study duration will be 17 weeks, including a 1-week screening period, 8 weeks of intervention, and another 8 weeks of follow-up. The primary outcomes are improvement in the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index score and recurrence rate after 8 weeks of treatment. Secondary outcomes include body surface area affected and the scores for the Physician Global Assessment, Dermatology Life Quality Index, pain-related quality of life, pain on the visual analogue scale, and TCM syndromes. The number, nature, and severity of adverse events will be carefully recorded. Discussion The study results will help clarify the safety and efficacy of TDKL as treatment for psoriasis with respect to both disease regression and recurrence rate. We expect that this study will provide high-quality evidence with important public health implications that may alter the approach to psoriasis management in China. Trial registration The trial has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (ID: NCT03942198).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ru
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Xiao-Ning Yan
- Department of Dermatology, Shaanxi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 710003, China
| | - Su-Qing Yang
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Li-Ping Gong
- Department of Dermatology, the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Ling-E Li
- Department of Dermatology, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Yi-Ding Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Shaanxi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 710003, China
| | - Yue-Peng An
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Gang Huang
- Department of Dermatology, the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Jin-Fang Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
| | - Qing-Feng Yin
- Jiangsu Famous Medical Technology Co. Ltd., Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Rui-Ping Wang
- Office of National Clinical Research Base of TCM, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China.,Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China.,Department of Dermatology, Shaanxi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 710003, China.,Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
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Lora V, Graceffa D, De Felice C, Morrone A, Bonifati C. Treatment of severe psoriasis with ixekizumab in a liver transplant recipient with concomitant hepatitis B virus infection. Dermatol Ther 2019; 32:e12909. [PMID: 30964590 DOI: 10.1111/dth.12909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of severe psoriasis (PsO) in organ transplant (OT) patients is difficult. In fact, systemic drugs used for PsO therapy can be detrimental to transplanted organs and/or can increase the risk of serious infections in subjects already taking antireject medicines. Current guidelines fail to give indications on how to manage PsO OT subjects. Moreover, only a few cases of patients with the above-cited characteristics treated with systemic therapies have been published so far. Here, we report our experience concerning a liver transplant patient successfully treated with ixekizumab for his psoriasis throughout 1 year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Lora
- Department of Clinical Dermatology, Centre for the Study and Treatment of Psoriasis, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Dario Graceffa
- Department of Clinical Dermatology, Centre for the Study and Treatment of Psoriasis, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Catia De Felice
- Department of Clinical Dermatology, Centre for the Study and Treatment of Psoriasis, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Aldo Morrone
- Scientific Direction, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Bonifati
- Department of Clinical Dermatology, Centre for the Study and Treatment of Psoriasis, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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