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Liu Q, Li H, You L, Li T, Li L, Zhou P, Bo X, Chen H, Chen X, Hu Y. Genome-wide identification and analysis of A-to-I RNA editing events in the malignantly transformed cell lines from bronchial epithelial cell line induced by α-particles radiation. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0213047. [PMID: 31158229 PMCID: PMC6546236 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0213047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine (A) to inosine (I) RNA editing is the most prevalent RNA editing mechanism in humans and plays critical roles in tumorigenesis. However, the effects of radiation on RNA editing were poorly understood, and a deeper understanding of the radiation-induced cancer is imperative. Here, we analyzed BEP2D (a human bronchial epithelial cell line) and radiation-induced malignantly transformed cell lines with next generation sequencing. By performing an integrated analysis of A-to-I RNA editing, we found that single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) might induce the downregulation of ADAR2 enzymes, and further caused the abnormal occurrence of RNA editing in malignantly transformed cell lines. These editing events were significantly enriched in differentially expressed genes between normal cell line and malignantly transformed cell lines. In addition, oncogenes CTNNB1 and FN1 were highly edited and significantly overexpressed in malignantly transformed cell lines, thus may be responsible for the lung cancer progression. Our work provides a systematic analysis of RNA editing from cell lines derived from human bronchial epithelial cells with high-throughput RNA sequencing and DNA sequencing. Moreover, these results provide further evidence for RNA editing as an important tumorigenesis mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaowei Liu
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, P.R. China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Hao Li
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Lukuan You
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, P.R. China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Tao Li
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, P.R. China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Lingling Li
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, P.R. China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Pingkun Zhou
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xiaochen Bo
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Hebing Chen
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, P.R. China
- * E-mail: (YH); (XC); (HC)
| | - Xiaohua Chen
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, P.R. China
- * E-mail: (YH); (XC); (HC)
| | - Yi Hu
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, P.R. China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
- * E-mail: (YH); (XC); (HC)
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Liu XD, Xie DF, Wang YL, Guan H, Huang RX, Zhou PK. Integrated analysis of lncRNA–mRNA co-expression networks in the α-particle induced carcinogenesis of human branchial epithelial cells. Int J Radiat Biol 2018; 95:144-155. [DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2019.1539880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Dan Liu
- Department of Radiation Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, AMMS, Beijing, PR China
| | - Da-Fei Xie
- Department of Radiation Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, AMMS, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yi-Long Wang
- Department of Radiation Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, AMMS, Beijing, PR China
| | - Hua Guan
- Department of Radiation Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, AMMS, Beijing, PR China
| | - Rui-Xue Huang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Xiangya School of Public Heath, Central South University, Changsha, PR China
| | - Ping-Kun Zhou
- Department of Radiation Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, AMMS, Beijing, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory, School of Public Health, Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
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Association of Glutathione S-Transferase P-1 (GSTP-1) rs1695 polymorphism with overall survival in glioblastoma patients treated with combined radio-chemotherapy. Invest New Drugs 2017; 36:340-345. [DOI: 10.1007/s10637-017-0516-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Zhu X, Zhang K, Wang Q, Chen S, Gou Y, Cui Y, Li Q. Cisplatin-mediated c-myc overexpression and cytochrome c (cyt c) release result in the up-regulation of the death receptors DR4 and DR5 and the activation of caspase 3 and caspase 9, likely responsible for the TRAIL-sensitizing effect of cisplatin. Med Oncol 2015; 32:133. [PMID: 25796504 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-015-0588-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) reverses multidrug resistance (MDR) and induces apoptosis in MDR gastric carcinoma cells. In our previous study, cisplatin proved to be a sensitizing agent for TRAIL. To study the synergistic effects of cisplatin and TRAIL, we investigated the mechanism by which TRAIL reverses multidrug resistance, the role of c-myc in modulating the death receptors DR4 and DR5 and the relationship between cisplatin and cytochrome c (cyt c) release in SGC7901/VCR and SGC7901/DDP cells. We found that after treatment with TRAIL, the DNA-PKcs/Akt/GSK-3β pathway, which is positively correlated with the levels of MDR1 and MRP1, was significantly inhibited and that this tendency can be abolished by Z-DEVD-FMK (a specific caspase 3 inhibitor). We also found that suppression of c-myc by siRNA reduced the expression of DR4 and DR5 and that transfection with a pAVV-c-myc expression vector increased the expression of DR4 and DR5. Moreover, cisplatin increased the expression of c-myc in the presence of TRAIL, and there is a clear increase in cyt c release from mitochondria with the increasing concentrations of cisplatin. Meanwhile, the intrinsic death receptor pathway of caspase 9, as well as the common intrinsic and extrinsic downstream target, caspase 3, was potently activated by the release of cyt c. Together, we conclude that in TRAIL-treated MDR gastric carcinoma cells, cisplatin induces the death receptors DR4 and DR5 through the up-regulation of c-myc and strengthens the activation of caspases via promoting the release of cyt c. These effects would then be responsible for the TRAIL sensitization effect of cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingchao Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Provincial Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 17 Lu Jiang Road, Hefei, 230001, Anhui Province, China
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Muñoz P, Iliou MS, Esteller M. Epigenetic alterations involved in cancer stem cell reprogramming. Mol Oncol 2012; 6:620-36. [PMID: 23141800 PMCID: PMC5528346 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2012.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2012] [Accepted: 10/17/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Current hypotheses suggest that tumors originate from cells that carry out a process of "malignant reprogramming" driven by genetic and epigenetic alterations. Multiples studies reported the existence of stem-cell-like cells that acquire the ability to self-renew and are able to generate the bulk of more differentiated cells that form the tumor. This population of cancer cells, called cancer stem cells (CSC), is responsible for sustaining the tumor growth and, under determined conditions, can disseminate and migrate to give rise to secondary tumors or metastases to distant organs. Furthermore, CSCs have shown to be more resistant to anti-tumor treatments than the non-stem cancer cells, suggesting that surviving CSCs could be responsible for tumor relapse after therapy. These important properties have raised the interest in understanding the mechanisms that govern the generation and maintenance of this special population of cells, considered to lie behind the on/off switches of gene expression patterns. In this review, we summarize the most relevant epigenetic alterations, from DNA methylation and histone modifications to the recently discovered miRNAs that contribute to the regulation of cancer stem cell features in tumor progression, metastasis and response to chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purificación Muñoz
- Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
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Lee MN, Tseng RC, Hsu HS, Chen JY, Tzao C, Ho WL, Wang YC. Epigenetic inactivation of the chromosomal stability control genes BRCA1, BRCA2, and XRCC5 in non-small cell lung cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2007; 13:832-8. [PMID: 17289874 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-05-2694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Lung cancer cells frequently exhibit marked chromosome instability. We postulated that alterations of the double-strand break repair genes (BRCA1, BRCA2, and XRCC5) might be involved in lung cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS We examined the loss of protein and mRNA expression and the 5'CpG hypermethylation and allelic imbalance of the BRCA1, BRCA2, and XRCC5 genes in 98 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) samples. Anchorage-dependent growth after reexpression of these genes was examined in a lung cancer cell line that originally lacked BRCA1 and BRCA2 expression. RESULTS The data indicated that low protein expression of BRCA1 and BRCA2 was frequent in lung adenocarcinomas (42-44%), whereas low XRCC5 protein expression was more prevalent among squamous cell carcinoma (32%). In addition, low BRCA1 expression was significantly associated with low RB expression, especially in lung adenocarcinoma. Concurrent alterations in XRCC5 and p53 were the most frequent profiles in smoking patients. Importantly, low mRNA and protein expressions of BRCA1, BRCA2, and XRCC5 were significantly associated with their promoter hypermethylation. 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine treatment of NSCLC cells showed demethylation and reexpression of the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes and reduced anchorage-independent growth. CONCLUSIONS Our retrospective study provides compelling evidence that low mRNA and protein expression in the BRCA1/BRCA2 and XRCC5 genes occur in lung adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma, respectively, and that promoter hypermethylation is the predominant mechanism in deregulation of these genes. Alteration of the double-strand break repair pathway, perhaps by interacting with p53 and RB deregulation, is important in the pathogenesis of a subset of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Ni Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, National Taiwan Normal University, and Division of Thoracic Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan
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Sui JL, An J, Sun JF, Chen Y, Wu DC, Zhou PK. Spindle checkpoint and apoptotic response in alpha-particle transformed human bronchial epithelial cells. RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2004; 43:257-263. [PMID: 15609016 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-004-0268-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2004] [Accepted: 11/10/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The mitotic spindle checkpoint and apoptosis in response to nocodazole, a microtubule-disrupting agent, were investigated in the alpha-particle transformed human bronchial epithelial cell lines BERP35T1, BERP35T4 and the parental BEP2D cell line. When treated with 0.2 microg/ml of nocodazole, BEP2D and BERP35T1 cells were efficiently arrested in the mitotic phase, whilst BERP35T4, a transformed cell line showing chromosomal instability, failed to be arrested as evidenced by a low G2/M fraction. BERP35T4 cells also showed a higher proportion of aneuploids when treated with nocodazole or not. Thus, the BERP35T4 cell line has a defect in spindle checkpoint function. The extent of apoptosis induced by nocodazole (0.3 microg/ml) was significantly higher (2-fold to 2.5-fold) in BEP2D cells than in the two transformed cell lines. Furthermore, the induced apoptosis was found to occur predominantly before mitotic division in BEP2D cells. In BERP35T4 cells, however, 50% of induced apoptosis occurred before mitotic division and 50% occurred after division in binucleated cells when co-treated with cytochalasin B. The 5'-CpG island of the Chfr gene, a mitotic checkpoint gene that functions in entry into metaphase, was found to be methylated in BERP35T4 cells but not in BEP2D cells. Consistent with methylation, the expression of the Chfr gene was markedly suppressed in BERP35T4 cells. Our results suggest that the impaired spindle checkpoint and abnormal apoptotic response may be related to the oncogenic progression of human bronchial epithelial cells initiated by exposure to alpha-particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-L Sui
- Department of Radiation Toxicology and Oncology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, 27 Taiping Road, 100850 Beijing, PR China
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