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Li D, Yao H, Ren Y, Shang J, Han X, Cao X, Song T, Zeng X. Testosterone regulates thymic remodeling by altering metabolic reprogramming in male rats. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2024; 348:114448. [PMID: 38191062 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
The thymus is an energy-consuming organ, and its metabolism changes with atrophy. Testosterone regulates thymus remodeling (atrophy and regeneration). However, the characteristics of the energy metabolism during testosterone-mediated thymic atrophy and regeneration remain unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that testosterone ablation (implemented by immunocastration and surgical castration) induced global metabolic changes in the thymus. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment for differential metabolites and metabolite set enrichment analysis for total metabolites revealed that testosterone ablation affected thymic glycolysis, glutamate metabolism, and fatty acid β-oxidation. Testosterone ablation-induced thymic regeneration was accompanied by attenuated glycolysis and glutamate metabolism and changed fatty acid composition and content. Testosterone supplementation in immunocastrated and surgically castrated rats enhanced glutaminolysis, reduced the level of unsaturated fatty acids, enhanced the β-oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids in the mitochondria, boosted the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and accelerated thymic atrophy. Overall, these results imply that metabolic reprogramming is directly related to thymic remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Li
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Huan Yao
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Yonghao Ren
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Jiameng Shang
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Xinfa Han
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Xiaohan Cao
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Tianzeng Song
- Institute of animal Science, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Science, Lhasa 850009, Xizang, PR China.
| | - Xianyin Zeng
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, Sichuan, PR China.
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Zhang H, Yan H, Ying J, Du L, Zhang C, Yang Y, Wang H, Wang H. Resveratrol ameliorates ionizing irradiation-induced long-term immunosuppression in mice. Int J Radiat Biol 2017; 94:28-36. [DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2018.1408976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Heng Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Integrative Oncology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Hao Yan
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Integrative Oncology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianzi Ying
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Integrative Oncology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Liqing Du
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Chunze Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Yiling Yang
- Department of Breast Cancer Pathology and Research Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Huaqing Wang
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Integrative Oncology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Integrative Oncology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China
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Lei R, Zhao T, Li Q, Wang X, Ma H, Deng Y. Carbon Ion Irradiated Neural Injury Induced the Peripheral Immune Effects in Vitro or in Vivo. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:28334-46. [PMID: 26633364 PMCID: PMC4691056 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161226109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Revised: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon ion radiation is a promising treatment for brain cancer; however, the immune system involved long-term systemic effects evoke a concern of complementary and alternative therapies in clinical treatment. To clarify radiotherapy caused fundamental changes in peripheral immune system, examinations were performed based on established models in vitro and in vivo. We found that brain-localized carbon ion radiation of neural cells induced complex changes in the peripheral blood, thymus, and spleen at one, two, and three months after its application. Atrophy, apoptosis, and abnormal T-cell distributions were observed in rats receiving a single high dose of radiation. Radiation downregulated the expression of proteins involved in T-cell development at the transcriptional level and increased the proportion of CD3⁺CD4(-)CD8⁺ T-cells in the thymus and the proportion of CD3⁺CD4⁺CD8(-) T-cells in the spleen. These data show that brain irradiation severely affects the peripheral immune system, even at relatively long times after irradiation. In addition, they provide valuable information that will implement the design of biological-based strategies that will aid brain cancer patients suffering from the long-term side effects of radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runhong Lei
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Tuo Zhao
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Space Radiobiology, Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Nuclear Physics, China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing 102413, China.
| | - Hong Ma
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Yulin Deng
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
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Gapeyev AB, Aripovsky AV, Kulagina TP. Modifying effects of low-intensity extremely high-frequency electromagnetic radiation on content and composition of fatty acids in thymus of mice exposed to X-rays. Int J Radiat Biol 2015; 91:277-85. [DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2014.980467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Huang H, Liu J, Feng Y, Chen W. The distribution of apolipoprotein E gene polymorphism in Chinese civil aircrews, and a possible risk factor to their overweight and dyslipidemia is cumulative flight time. Clin Chim Acta 2013; 416:36-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2012.10.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2012] [Revised: 10/11/2012] [Accepted: 10/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Abstract
For a very long time, we studied the metallophilic macrophages of the rodent thymus and in this review our results on morphological, histochemical, enzymehistochemical, immunohistochemical, ultrastructural and functional features of these cells, as well as the molecular regulation of their development, will be presented. Furthermore, the differences between species will also be discussed and the comparisons with similar/related cell types (metallophilic macrophages in the marginal sinus of the spleen, subcapsular sinus of the lymph nodes and germinal centers of secondary lymphoid follicles) will be made. Metallophilic macrophages are strategically positioned in the thymic cortico-medullary zone and are very likely to be involved in: (i) the metabolism, synthesis and production of bioactive lipids, most likely arachidonic acid metabolites, based on their histochemical and enzymehistochemical features, and (ii) the process of negative selection that occurs in the thymus, based on their ultrastructural features and their reactivity after the application of toxic or immunosuppressive/immunomodulatory agents. Taken together, their phenotypic and functional features strongly suggest that metallophilic macrophages play a significant role in the thymic physiology.
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Li J, Cai H, Jin J, Wang Q, Miao D. X-ray irradiation selectively kills thymocytes of different stages and impairs the maturation of donor-derived CD4(+)CD8(+) thymocytes in recipient thymus. J Biomed Res 2012; 26:355-64. [PMID: 23554771 PMCID: PMC3613732 DOI: 10.7555/jbr.26.20120003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2012] [Revised: 02/03/2012] [Accepted: 02/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine whether the sensitivity of thymocytes to X-ray radiation depends on their proliferative states and whether radiation impairs the maturation of donor-derived thymocytes in recipient thymus. We assigned 8-week-old C57BL/6J mice into three treatment groups: 1) untreated; 2) X-ray radiation; 3) X-ray radiation plus bone marrow transplantation with donor bone marrow cells from transgenic mice expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein (GFP) on a universal promoter. After 4 weeks, the size of the thymus, the number and proliferation of thymocytes and ratios of different stage thymocytes were analyzed by immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry. The results showed that: 1) CD4+CD8+ thymocytes were more sensitive to X-ray radiation-induced cell death than other thymocytes; 2) the proliferative capacity of CD4+CD8+ thymocytes was higher than that of other thymocytes; 3) the size of the thymus, the number of thymocytes and ratios of thymocytes of different stages in irradiated mice recovered to the normal level of untreated mice by bone marrow transplantation; 4) the ratio of GFP-positive CD4+CD8+ thymocytes increased significantly, whereas the ratio of GFP-positive CD4+ or CD8+ thymocytes decreased significantly. These results indicate that the degree of sensitivity of thymocytes to X-ray radiation depends on their proliferative states and radiation impairs the maturation of donor-derived CD4+CD8+ thymocytes in recipient thymus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinbo Li
- The Research Center for Bone and Stem Cells, Department of Human Anatomy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
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