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Brown N, Finnon R, Finnon P, McCarron R, Cruz-Garcia L, O’Brien G, Herbert E, Scudamore CL, Morel E, Badie C. Spi1 R235C point mutation confers hypersensitivity to radiation-induced acute myeloid leukemia in mice. iScience 2023; 26:107530. [PMID: 37664628 PMCID: PMC10469541 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Ionizing radiation (IR) is a risk factor for acute myeloid leukemia (rAML). Murine rAMLs feature both hemizygous chromosome 2 deletions (Del2) and point mutations (R235) within the hematopoietic regulatory gene Spi1. We generated a heterozygous CBA Spi1 R235 mouse (CBASpm/+) which develops de novo AML with 100% incidence by ∼12 months old and shows a dose-dependent reduction in latency following X-irradiation. These effects are reduced on an AML-resistant C57Bl6 genetic background. CBASpm/Gfp reporter mice show increased Gfp expression, indicating compensation for Spm-induced Spi1 haploinsufficiency. Del2 is always detected in both de novo and rAMLs, indicating that biallelic Spi1 mutation is required for AML. CBASpm/+ mice show that a single Spm modification is sufficient for initiating AML development with complete penetrance, via the "two-hit" mechanism and this is accelerated by IR exposure. Similar SPI1/PU.1 polymorphisms in humans could potentially lead to enhanced susceptibility to IR following medical or environmental exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Brown
- Cancer Mechanisms and Biomarkers Group Radiation Effects Department, Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA), Didcot OX11 ORQ, UK
| | - Rosemary Finnon
- Cancer Mechanisms and Biomarkers Group Radiation Effects Department, Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA), Didcot OX11 ORQ, UK
| | - Paul Finnon
- Cancer Mechanisms and Biomarkers Group Radiation Effects Department, Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA), Didcot OX11 ORQ, UK
| | - Roisin McCarron
- Cancer Mechanisms and Biomarkers Group Radiation Effects Department, Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA), Didcot OX11 ORQ, UK
| | - Lourdes Cruz-Garcia
- Cancer Mechanisms and Biomarkers Group Radiation Effects Department, Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA), Didcot OX11 ORQ, UK
| | - Grainne O’Brien
- Cancer Mechanisms and Biomarkers Group Radiation Effects Department, Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA), Didcot OX11 ORQ, UK
| | | | | | - Edouard Morel
- Cancer Mechanisms and Biomarkers Group Radiation Effects Department, Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA), Didcot OX11 ORQ, UK
| | - Christophe Badie
- Cancer Mechanisms and Biomarkers Group Radiation Effects Department, Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA), Didcot OX11 ORQ, UK
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2
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Klokov D, Applegate K, Badie C, Brede DA, Dekkers F, Karabulutoglu M, Le Y, Rutten EA, Lumniczky K, Gomolka M. International expert group collaboration for developing an adverse outcome pathway for radiation induced leukaemia. Int J Radiat Biol 2022; 98:1802-1815. [PMID: 36040845 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2022.2117873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The concept of the adverse outcome pathway (AOP) has recently gained significant attention as to its potential for incorporation of mechanistic biological information into the assessment of adverse health outcomes following ionizing radiation (IR) exposure. This work is an account of the activities of an international expert group formed specifically to develop an AOP for IR-induced leukaemia. Group discussions were held during dedicated sessions at the international AOP workshop jointly organized by the MELODI (Multidisciplinary European Low Dose Initiative) and the ALLIANCE (European Radioecology Alliance) associations to consolidate knowledge into a number of biological key events causally linked by key event relationships and connecting a molecular initiating event with the adverse outcome. Further knowledge review to generate a weight of evidence support for the Key Event Relationships (KERs) was undertaken using a systematic review approach. CONCLUSIONS An AOP for IR-induced acute myeloid leukaemia was proposed and submitted for review to the OECD-curated AOP-wiki (aopwiki.org). The systematic review identified over 500 studies that link IR, as a stressor, to leukaemia, as an adverse outcome. Knowledge gap identification, although requiring a substantial effort via systematic review of literature, appears to be one of the major added values of the AOP concept. Further work, both within this leukaemia AOP working group and other similar working groups, is warranted and is anticipated to produce highly demanded products for the radiation protection research community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Klokov
- Laboratory of Experimental Radiotoxicology and Radiobiology, Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Kimberly Applegate
- Department of Radiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine (retired), Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Christophe Badie
- Cancer Mechanisms and Biomarkers group, Department of Radiation Effects, Radiation, Chemical and Environmental, UK Health Security Agency, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Dag Anders Brede
- Centre for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD), Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management (MINA), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Norway
| | - Fieke Dekkers
- Mathematical Institute, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Netherlands National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Melis Karabulutoglu
- Cancer Mechanisms and Biomarkers group, Department of Radiation Effects, Radiation, Chemical and Environmental, UK Health Security Agency, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | | | - Eric Andreas Rutten
- Cancer Mechanisms and Biomarkers group, Department of Radiation Effects, Radiation, Chemical and Environmental, UK Health Security Agency, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Katalin Lumniczky
- Radiation Biology, Federal Office for Radiation Protection BfS, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Maria Gomolka
- Unit of Radiation Medicine, Department of Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, National Public Health Centre, Budapest, Hungary
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3
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Protection of the hematopoietic system against radiation-induced damage: drugs, mechanisms, and developments. Arch Pharm Res 2022; 45:558-571. [PMID: 35951164 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-022-01400-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Sometimes, people can be exposed to moderate or high doses of radiation accidentally or through the environment. Radiation can cause great harm to several systems within organisms, especially the hematopoietic system. Several types of drugs protect the hematopoietic system against radiation damage in different ways. They can be classified as "synthetic drugs" and "natural compounds." Their cellular mechanisms to protect organisms from radiation damage include free radical-scavenging, anti-oxidation, reducing genotoxicity and apoptosis, and alleviating suppression of the bone marrow. These topics have been reviewed to provide new ideas for the development and research of drugs alleviating radiation-induced damage to the hematopoietic system.
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4
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Karabulutoglu M, Finnon R, Cruz-Garcia L, Hill MA, Badie C. Oxidative Stress and X-ray Exposure Levels-Dependent Survival and Metabolic Changes in Murine HSPCs. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 11:11. [PMID: 35052515 PMCID: PMC8772903 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Haematopoietic bone marrow cells are amongst the most sensitive to ionizing radiation (IR), initially resulting in cell death or genotoxicity that may later lead to leukaemia development, most frequently Acute Myeloid Leukaemia (AML). The target cells for radiation-induced Acute Myeloid Leukaemia (rAML) are believed to lie in the haematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) compartment. Using the inbred strain CBA/Ca as a murine model of rAML, progress has been made in understanding the underlying mechanisms, characterisation of target cell population and responses to IR. Complex regulatory systems maintain haematopoietic homeostasis which may act to modulate the risk of rAML. However, little is currently known about the role of metabolic factors and diet in these regulatory systems and modification of the risk of AML development. This study characterises cellular proliferative and clonogenic potential as well as metabolic changes within murine HSPCs under oxidative stress and X-ray exposure. Ambient oxygen (normoxia; 20.8% O2) levels were found to increase irradiated HSPC-stress, stimulating proliferative activity compared to low oxygen (3% O2) levels. IR exposure has a negative influence on the proliferative capability of HSPCs in a dose-dependent manner (0-2 Gy) and this is more pronounced under a normoxic state. One Gy x-irradiated HSPCs cultured under normoxic conditions displayed a significant increase in oxygen consumption compared to those cultured under low O2 conditions and to unirradiated HSPCs. Furthermore, mitochondrial analyses revealed a significant increase in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content, mitochondrial mass and membrane potential in a dose-dependent manner under normoxic conditions. Our results demonstrate that both IR and normoxia act as stressors for HSPCs, leading to significant metabolic deregulation and mitochondrial dysfunctionality which may affect long term risks such as leukaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melis Karabulutoglu
- Cancer Mechanisms and Biomarkers Group, Radiation Effects Department, Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards Directorate (RCE, Formally CRCE), UK Health Security Agency (Formerly Public Health England), Chilton, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0RQ, UK; (R.F.); (L.C.-G.)
- MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK;
| | - Rosemary Finnon
- Cancer Mechanisms and Biomarkers Group, Radiation Effects Department, Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards Directorate (RCE, Formally CRCE), UK Health Security Agency (Formerly Public Health England), Chilton, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0RQ, UK; (R.F.); (L.C.-G.)
| | - Lourdes Cruz-Garcia
- Cancer Mechanisms and Biomarkers Group, Radiation Effects Department, Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards Directorate (RCE, Formally CRCE), UK Health Security Agency (Formerly Public Health England), Chilton, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0RQ, UK; (R.F.); (L.C.-G.)
| | - Mark A. Hill
- MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK;
| | - Christophe Badie
- Cancer Mechanisms and Biomarkers Group, Radiation Effects Department, Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards Directorate (RCE, Formally CRCE), UK Health Security Agency (Formerly Public Health England), Chilton, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0RQ, UK; (R.F.); (L.C.-G.)
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5
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Liu XL, Liu HQ, Li J, Mao CY, He JT, Zhao X. Role of epigenetic in leukemia: From mechanism to therapy. Chem Biol Interact 2020; 317:108963. [PMID: 31978391 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.108963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic variations can play remarkable roles in different normal and abnormal situations. Such variations have been shown to have a direct role in the pathogenesis of various diseases either through inhibition of tumor suppressor genes or increasing the expression of oncogenes. Enzymes involving in epigenetic machinery are the main actors in tuning the epigenetic-based controls on gene expressions. Aberrant expression of these enzymes can trigger big chaos in the cellular gene expression networks and finally lead to cancer progression. This situation has been shown in different types of leukemia, where high or low levels of an epigenetic enzyme are partly or highly responsible for the involvement or progression of a disease. DNA hypermethylation, different histone modifications, and aberrant miRNA expressions are three main epigenetic variations, which have been shown to play a role in leukemia progression. Epigenetic based treatments now are considered as novel and effective therapies in order to decrease the abnormal epigenetic modifications in patient cells. Different epigenetic-based approaches have been developed and tested to inhibit or reverse the unusual expression of epigenetic agents in leukemia. Acute myeloid leukemia (AML), the most prevalent acute leukemia in adults, is anaggressive hematological malignancy arising in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. With the exception of a few specific AML subtypes, the mainstays of treatment have not significantly changed over the last 20 years, and are still based on standard cytotoxic chemotherapy. In this review, we will discuss the recent development of therapeutics specifically targeting these key epigenetic programs in AML, describe their mechanism of action and present their current clinical development. Finally, we will discuss the opportunities presented by epigenetically targeted therapy in AML and will highlight future challenges ahead for the AML community, to ensure that this novel therapeutics are optimally translated into clinical practice and result in clinical improvement for AML patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Liang Liu
- Department of Hematology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Huan-Qiu Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Ji Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Cui-Ying Mao
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, Jilin Province, China
| | - Jin-Ting He
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, Jilin Province, China.
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Paediatrics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China.
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6
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Averbeck D, Candéias S, Chandna S, Foray N, Friedl AA, Haghdoost S, Jeggo PA, Lumniczky K, Paris F, Quintens R, Sabatier L. Establishing mechanisms affecting the individual response to ionizing radiation. Int J Radiat Biol 2020; 96:297-323. [PMID: 31852363 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2019.1704908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Humans are increasingly exposed to ionizing radiation (IR). Both low (<100 mGy) and high doses can cause stochastic effects, including cancer; whereas doses above 100 mGy are needed to promote tissue or cell damage. 10-15% of radiotherapy (RT) patients suffer adverse reactions, described as displaying radiosensitivity (RS). Sensitivity to IR's stochastic effects is termed radiosusceptibility (RSu). To optimize radiation protection we need to understand the range of individual variability and underlying mechanisms. We review the potential mechanisms contributing to RS/RSu focusing on RS following RT, the most tractable RS group.Conclusions: The IR-induced DNA damage response (DDR) has been well characterized. Patients with mutations in the DDR have been identified and display marked RS but they represent only a small percentage of the RT patients with adverse reactions. We review the impacting mechanisms and additional factors influencing RS/RSu. We discuss whether RS/RSu might be genetically determined. As a recommendation, we propose that a prospective study be established to assess RS following RT. The study should detail tumor site and encompass a well-defined grading system. Predictive assays should be independently validated. Detailed analysis of the inflammatory, stress and immune responses, mitochondrial function and life style factors should be included. Existing cohorts should also be optimally exploited.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Serge Candéias
- CEA, CNRS, LCMB, University of Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Sudhir Chandna
- Division of Radiation Biosciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine & Allied Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Nicolas Foray
- Inserm UA8 Unit Radiations: Defense, Health and Environment, Lyon, France
| | - Anna A Friedl
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Siamak Haghdoost
- Cimap-Laria, Advanced Resource Center for HADrontherapy in Europe (ARCHADE,), University of Caen Normandy, France.,Centre for Radiation Protection Research, Department of Molecular Bioscience, Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Penelope A Jeggo
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - Katalin Lumniczky
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Division of Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, National Public Health Center, Budapest, Hungary
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7
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Koturbash I, Griffin RJ. Harnessing epigenetics and metabolism to modulate tissue response to radiotherapy. Int J Radiat Biol 2019; 95:379-381. [PMID: 30856046 PMCID: PMC6818243 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2019.1587268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Igor Koturbash
- a Department of Environmental and Occupational Health , University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock , AR , USA
| | - Robert J Griffin
- b Department of Radiation Oncology , University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock , AR , USA
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8
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Gault N, Verbiest T, Badie C, Romeo PH, Bouffler S. Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell responses to low radiation doses - implications for leukemia risk. Int J Radiat Biol 2019; 95:892-899. [PMID: 30652952 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2019.1569777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Studies of the responses of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) to low doses of ionizing radiation formed an important aspect of the RISK-IR project ( www.risk-ir.eu ). A brief overview of these studies is presented here. The findings confirm the sensitivity of HSPCs to radiation even at low doses, and illustrate the substantial impact that differentiation state has upon cell sensitivity. The work provides mechanistic support for epidemiological findings of leukemia risk at dose levels used in diagnostic CT imaging, and further suggests that low-dose irradiation may facilitate bone marrow transplantation, a finding that could lead to refinements in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Gault
- a CEA/DRF/IBFJ/iRCM/LRTS , Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex , France.,b Inserm U967 , Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex , France.,c CEA/DRF/IBFJ/iRCM/LRTS-U1274 Inserm-Université Paris-Diderot , Paris , France.,d CEA/DRF/IBFJ/iRCM/LRTS-U1274 Inserm-Université Paris-Sud , Paris , France
| | - Tom Verbiest
- e Public Health England , Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards , Oxfordshire , UK
| | - Christophe Badie
- e Public Health England , Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards , Oxfordshire , UK
| | - Paul-Henri Romeo
- a CEA/DRF/IBFJ/iRCM/LRTS , Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex , France.,b Inserm U967 , Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex , France.,c CEA/DRF/IBFJ/iRCM/LRTS-U1274 Inserm-Université Paris-Diderot , Paris , France.,d CEA/DRF/IBFJ/iRCM/LRTS-U1274 Inserm-Université Paris-Sud , Paris , France
| | - Simon Bouffler
- e Public Health England , Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards , Oxfordshire , UK
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9
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin Seymour
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Ontario, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Carmel Mothersill
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Ontario, Hamilton, Canada
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10
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Verbiest T, Bouffler S, Badie C. No equal opportunity for leukemia initiating cells. Oncotarget 2018; 9:37078-37079. [PMID: 30647845 PMCID: PMC6324679 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tom Verbiest
- Cancer Mechanisms and Biomarkers Group, Radiation Effects Department, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Public Health England, Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Bouffler
- Cancer Mechanisms and Biomarkers Group, Radiation Effects Department, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Public Health England, Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - Christophe Badie
- Cancer Mechanisms and Biomarkers Group, Radiation Effects Department, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Public Health England, Didcot, United Kingdom
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