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Abstract
The comet assay is an effective method for identifying DNA breaks and alkali-labile sites induced by genotoxins. Performed as a single-cell electrophoresis, this assay is especially simplistic, and the results are easily reproducible. DNA breakage can be quantitatively assessed by the induced comet tail regions, which can be measured using a variety of comet software. This protocol will finish within approximately two hours with adequate preparation, and digitized images can be taken using a confocal or standard fluorescence microscopes after staining the cell nucleus with a DNA dye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kade D Walsh
- Department of Environmental & Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Takamitsu A Kato
- Department of Environmental & Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
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2
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Chen L, Wang J, Cai X, Chen S, Zhang J, Li B, Chen W, Guo X, Luo H, Chen J. Cyclometalated Ru(II)-isoquinoline complexes overcome cisplatin resistance of A549/DDP cells by downregulation of Nrf2 via Akt/GSK-3β/Fyn pathway. Bioorg Chem 2021; 119:105516. [PMID: 34856444 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Both ruthenium (Ru) and isoquinoline (IQ) compounds are regarded as potential anticancer drug candidates. Here, we report the synthesis and characterization of three novel cyclometalated Ru(II)-isoquinoline complexes: RuIQ-3, RuIQ-4, and RuIQ-5, and evaluation of their in vitro cytotoxicities against a panel of cell lines including A549/DDP, a cisplatin-resistant human lung cancer cell line. A549/DDP 3D multicellular tumor spheroids (MCTSs) were also used to detect the drug resistance reversal effect of Ru(II)-IQ complexes. Our results indicated that the cytotoxic activities against cancer cells of Ru(II)-IQ complexes, especially RuIQ-5, were superior compared with cisplatin. In addition, RuIQ-5 exhibited low toxicity towards both normal HBE cells in vitro and zebrafish embryos in vivo. Further investigation on cellular mechanism of action indicated that after absorption by A549/DDP cells, RuIQ-5 was mainly distributed in the nucleus, which is different from cisplatin. Besides, RuIQ-5 could induce apoptosis through mitochondrial dysfunction, reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, ROS-mediated DNA damage, and cycle arrest at both S and G2/M phases. Moreover, RuIQ-5 could inhibit the overexpression of Nrf2 through regulation of Akt/GSK-3β/Fyn signaling pathway and hindering the nuclear translocation of Nrf2. Based on these findings, we firmly believe that the studied Ru(II)-IQ complexes hold great promise as anticancer therapeutics with high effectiveness and low toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanmei Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524023, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, China
| | - Xianhong Cai
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, China
| | - Suxiang Chen
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia 6150, Australia
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University & Key Laboratory of Zebrafish Model for Development and Disease of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China; The Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Guangdong Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524023, China
| | - Baojun Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, China
| | - Weigang Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, China
| | - Xinhua Guo
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, China
| | - Hui Luo
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524023, China; The Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Guangdong Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524023, China.
| | - Jincan Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524023, China; The Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Guangdong Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524023, China.
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3
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Zhang YP, Ma ZY, Qiao PP, Gao CY, Tian JL, Zhao JZ, Du WJ, Xu JY, Yan SP. Copper based metallonucleases as potential antitumor drugs: Synthesis, Structure, in vitro Cytotoxicity and Apoptosis inducing properties. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.130278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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4
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Sangeetha S, Ajaykamal T, Murali M. Copper( ii) complexes of 2-methyl-8-hydroxyquinoline and tri/diimine co-ligand: DFT calculations, DNA and BSA binding, DNA cleavage, cytotoxicity and induction of apoptosis. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj00392e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Four-coordinate copper(ii) complex cleaves supercoiled ϕX174 RF DNA without reductant while five-coordinate complex cleaves with reductant. The cytotoxicity against cancer cells are higher than cisplatin, less-toxic to normal cells and induce apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somasundaram Sangeetha
- Coordination and Bioinorganic Chemistry Research Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- National College (Autonomous)
- Tiruchirappalli 620 001
- India
| | | | - Mariappan Murali
- Coordination and Bioinorganic Chemistry Research Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- National College (Autonomous)
- Tiruchirappalli 620 001
- India
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5
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Ru(II) Complexes Bearing O, O-Chelated Ligands Induced Apoptosis in A549 Cells through the Mitochondrial Apoptotic Pathway. Bioinorg Chem Appl 2020; 2020:8890950. [PMID: 32879623 PMCID: PMC7448123 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8890950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Two new Ru(II) complexes containing O, O-chelated ligands, Ru(dip)2(SA) (Ru-1) and Ru(dmp)2(SA) (Ru-2) (dip = 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline; dmp = 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline; SA = salicylate) were synthesized to evaluate their cytotoxicity in vitro. These complexes were found to exhibit moderate antitumor activity to different types of human cancers, including A549 (human lung carcinoma), MCF-7 (breast cancer), HeLa (human cervical cancer), and HepG2 (human hepatocellular carcinoma) cell lines, but displayed low toxicity to human normal cell lines BEAS-2B (immortalized human bronchial epithelial cells) when compared with that of cisplatin. Further studies revealed that these complexes could induce apoptosis in A549 cells, including activating caspase family proteins and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), reducing Bcl-2/Bax and Bcl-xl/Bad ratio, enhancing cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, triggering DNA damage, decreasing mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and leading cytochrome c release from mitochondria. Notably, complex Ru-1 showed low toxicity to developing zebrafish embryos. The obtained results suggest that these new synthetic complexes have the potential to be developed as low-toxicity agents for lung cancer treatment.
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Chen J, Wang J, Deng Y, Li B, Li C, Lin Y, Yang D, Zhang H, Chen L, Wang T. Novel cyclometalated Ru(II) complexes containing isoquinoline ligands: Synthesis, characterization, cellular uptake and in vitro cytotoxicity. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 203:112562. [PMID: 32698112 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Two novel cyclometalated Ru(II) complexes containing isoquinoline ligand, [Ru(bpy)2(1-Ph-IQ)](PF6), (bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine; 1-Ph-IQ = 1-phenylisoquinoline; RuIQ-1) and [Ru(phen)2(1-Ph-IQ)](PF6) (phen = 1,10-phenanthroline; RuIQ-2) were found to show high cytotoxic activity against NCI-H460, A549, HeLa and MCF-7 cell lines. Notably, both of them exhibited IC50 values that were an order of magnitude lower than those of clinical cisplatin and two structurally similar Ru(II)-isoquinoline complexes [Ru(bpy)2(1-Py-IQ)](PF6)2 (Ru3) and [Ru(phen)2(1-Py-IQ)](PF6)2 (Ru4) (1-Py-IQ = 1-pyridine-2-yl). The cellular uptake and intracellular localization displayed that the two cyclometalated Ru(II) complexes entered NCI-H460 cancer cells dominantly via endocytosis pathway, and preferentially distributed in the nucleus. Further investigations on the apoptosis-inducing mechanisms of RuIQ-1 and RuIQ-2 revealed that the two complexes could cause S, G2/M double-cycle arrest by regulating cell cycle related proteins. The two complexes also could reduce the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), promote the generation of intracellular ROS and trigger DNA damage, and then lead to apoptosis-mediated cell death. More importantly, RuIQ-2 exhibits low toxicity both towards normal HBE cells in vitro and zebrafish embryos in vivo. Accordingly, the developed complexes hold great potential to be developed as novel therapeutics for effective and low-toxic cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jincan Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Nature Drugs, Marine Biomedical Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524023, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Nature Drugs, Marine Biomedical Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524023, China
| | - Yuanyuan Deng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Nature Drugs, Marine Biomedical Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524023, China
| | - Baojun Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Nature Drugs, Marine Biomedical Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524023, China
| | - Chengpeng Li
- The Public Service Platform of South China Sea for R&D Marine Biomedicine Resources, Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524023, China
| | - Yuxue Lin
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Nature Drugs, Marine Biomedical Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524023, China
| | - Dongbin Yang
- The Affiliated People's Hospital of Hebi of Henan University, Hebi, 456030, China
| | - Huanyun Zhang
- The Affiliated People's Hospital of Hebi of Henan University, Hebi, 456030, China
| | - Lanmei Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Nature Drugs, Marine Biomedical Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524023, China.
| | - Tao Wang
- The College of Nursing and Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; Centre for Comparative Genomics, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, 6150, Australia.
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7
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Cyclic stretch-induced mechanical stress to the cell nucleus inhibits ultraviolet radiation-induced DNA damage. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2019; 19:493-504. [PMID: 31506862 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-019-01224-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation exerts adverse effects on genome stability, alters the normal state of life, and causes several diseases by inducing DNA damage. Although mechanical stimulation such as stretching has significant effects on the prevention and treatment of diseases, its influence on nuclear morphology and/or intranuclear functions involving resistance to DNA damage remains unknown. Here, we investigated the effects of mechanical stimulation by cyclic stretching on nuclear morphology and resistance of DNA to UV damage in NIH3T3 fibroblasts. Adherent cells on silicone elastic membranes were subjected to ~ 10% cyclic uniaxial stretch at a frequency of 0.5 Hz for 12 h. As a result, the intracellular actin cytoskeleton and nucleus were found to be elongated and aligned in the direction of zero normal strain (~ 62° with respect to the stretch direction) in an actomyosin tension-dependent manner. The nuclei of the stretched cells were dramatically compressed by the reorganized actin stress fibers located on their apical and both sides, and a significant increase in the intranuclear DNA density was observed. Intercellular tension, as assessed with live cell atomic force microscopy imaging, also increased following exposure to cyclic stretch. The UV radiation-induced DNA damage, estimated from the fluorescence intensity of the phospho-histone γ-H2AX, significantly decreased in these stretched cells. These results indicate that the cyclic stretch-induced morphological changes in the nucleus may improve the UV radiation resistance of cells, probably owing to the intracellular force-induced condensation of chromatin. To our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate the inhibition of the UV radiation-induced DNA damage by mechanical stimulation.
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8
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The induction of apoptosis in BEL-7402 cells by an iridium(III) complex through lysosome–mitochondria pathway. Polyhedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2018.09.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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9
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Carroll JE, Van Dyk K, Bower JE, Scuric Z, Petersen L, Schiestl R, Irwin MR, Ganz PA. Cognitive performance in survivors of breast cancer and markers of biological aging. Cancer 2018; 125:298-306. [PMID: 30474160 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.31777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biological aging pathways accelerated by cancer treatments may be a mechanism for cognitive impairment in cancer survivors. The goal of the current study was to examine whether indicators of biological aging, namely elevated levels of DNA damage, reduced telomerase enzymatic activity, and shorter peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) telomere length (TL) would be related to cognitive function in a cohort of survivors of breast cancer. METHODS The authors evaluated a cross-sectional sample of 94 women aged 36 to 69 years who were treated for early-stage breast cancer 3 to 6 years previously. Leukocyte DNA damage, PBMC telomerase enzymatic activity, PBMC TL, and the inflammatory marker soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor II (sTNF-RII) were determined from blood samples. Cognitive function was assessed using a neuropsychological test battery and self-report. Linear regression models examined the relationship between biological aging predictors and cognitive outcomes. RESULTS Both higher DNA damage and lower telomerase were found to be statistically significantly related to lower executive function scores adjusting for age, body mass index, race, years from treatment, and intelligence score (standardized coefficients [B], -0.23 and 0.30; all P values <.05). In addition, lower telomerase activity was associated with worse attention and motor speed scores (B values, 0.30 and 0.24; P <.05). sTNF-RII and TL were found to be unrelated to any of the neurocognitive domains. CONCLUSIONS The results of the current study suggest a significant association between measures of biological aging and objective measures of cognitive performance in survivors of breast cancer. Future prospective studies are needed to confirm a causal role of biological aging as a driver of declines in cognitive function after cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith E Carroll
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Science, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Los Angeles, California.,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Kathleen Van Dyk
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Science, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Julienne E Bower
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Science, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Los Angeles, California.,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Psychology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Zorica Scuric
- Fielding School of Public Health, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Pathology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Environmental Health, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,University of California at Los Angeles School of Public Health, Los Angeles, California
| | - Laura Petersen
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Robert Schiestl
- Fielding School of Public Health, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Pathology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Environmental Health, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,University of California at Los Angeles School of Public Health, Los Angeles, California
| | - Michael R Irwin
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Science, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Los Angeles, California.,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Patricia A Ganz
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,Fielding School of Public Health, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
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10
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Induction of apoptosis in SGC-7901 cells by ruthenium(II) complexes through ROS-mediated lysosome–mitochondria dysfunction and inhibition of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways. TRANSIT METAL CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11243-018-0283-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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11
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Huang HL, Tang B, Yi QY, Wan D, Yang LL, Liu YJ. Synthesis, DNA-binding, molecular docking and cytotoxic activity in vitro evaluation of ruthenium(II) complexes. TRANSIT METAL CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11243-018-0264-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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12
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Al-Asmari AK, Riyasdeen A, Islam M. Scorpion Venom Causes Upregulation of p53 and Downregulation of Bcl-x L and BID Protein Expression by Modulating Signaling Proteins Erk 1/2 and STAT3, and DNA Damage in Breast and Colorectal Cancer Cell Lines. Integr Cancer Ther 2018; 17:271-281. [PMID: 28438053 PMCID: PMC6041906 DOI: 10.1177/1534735417704949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Scorpion venoms efficiently block the normal neurotransmitter signaling pathway by prejudicing the ion channel operating mechanism in the body system. Besides its negative effect, venoms also possess some beneficial qualities for humans. They have also been shown to exhibit anticancer properties in various cancer types. This unique property of the venom as an anticancer agent is mainly a result of its role in initiating apoptosis and inhibiting several signaling cascade mechanisms that promote cancer cell proliferation and growth. In this study, we examine the effect of venom on phenotypic changes as well as changes at the molecular levels in colorectal and breast cancer cell lines. A dramatic decrease in cell invasion was observed in both cancer cell lines on venom treatment. Additionally, there was decrease in IL-6, RhoC, Erk1/2, and STAT3 in venom-treated cell lines, providing strong evidence of its anticancer properties. Furthermore, decrease in the expression of antiapoptotic proteins and also upregulation of proapoptotic ones by these lines were observed on venom treatment. Moreover, a vivid picture of DNA damage was also detected on venom treatment. In conclusion, scorpion venom possesses significant potential as an anticancer agent against colorectal and breast cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mozaffarul Islam
- Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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13
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Tang B, Wan D, Wang YJ, Yi QY, Guo BH, Liu YJ. An iridium (III) complex as potent anticancer agent induces apoptosis and autophagy in B16 cells through inhibition of the AKT/mTOR pathway. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 145:302-314. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.12.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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14
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DNA binding, crystal structure, molecular docking studies and anticancer activity evaluation of a copper(II) complex. TRANSIT METAL CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11243-018-0211-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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15
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Synthesis, characterization and anticancer activity in vitro and in vivo evaluation of an iridium (III) polypyridyl complex. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 145:338-349. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.11.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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16
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Liang ZH, Wan D, Yi QY, Zhang WY, Liu YJ. A cyclometalated iridium(III) complex induces apoptosis and autophagy through inhibition of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. TRANSIT METAL CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11243-018-0210-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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17
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Tang B, Wan D, Lai SH, Yang HH, Zhang C, Wang XZ, Zeng CC, Liu YJ. Design, synthesis and evaluation of anticancer activity of ruthenium (II) polypyridyl complexes. J Inorg Biochem 2017; 173:93-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2017.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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18
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Wan D, Tang B, Wang YJ, Guo BH, Yin H, Yi QY, Liu YJ. Synthesis and anticancer properties of ruthenium (II) complexes as potent apoptosis inducers through mitochondrial disruption. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 139:180-190. [PMID: 28800456 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.07.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A new ligand MHPIP (MHPIP = 2-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1H-imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline) and its three ruthenium (II) complexes [Ru(N-N)2(MHPIP)](ClO4)2 (N-N = phen: 1,10-phenanthroline 1; dmp = 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline 2; ttbpy = 4,4'-ditertiarybutyl-2,2'-bipyridine 3) were synthesized and characterized. The cytotoxic activity in vitro was studied by MTT method. The complexes 1-3 show moderate cytotoxic effects on the cell growth in HepG2 cells with an IC50 value of 25.5 ± 3.5, 35.6 ± 1.9 and 27.4 ± 2.3 μM, respectively. The apoptosis was investigated with AO/EB and Annex V/PI staining methods and comet assay. The reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial membrane potential were investigated under a fluorescent microscope. Autophagy assay shows that the complexes can cause autophagy and up-regulate the expression of Beclin-1 protein. Additionally, the complexes inhibit the cell growth in HepG2 cells at G0/G1 phase, and the complexes can regulate the expression of caspase 3 and Bcl-2 family proteins. The studies demonstrate that the complexes induce apoptosis in HepG2 cells through DNA damage and ROS-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wan
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Bing Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Yang-Jie Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Bo-Hong Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
| | - Hui Yin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| | - Qiao-Yan Yi
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Yun-Jun Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; Guangdong Cosmetics Engineering & Technology Research Center, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
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Hong XL, Liu LJ, Lu WG, Wang XB. A vanadium(V) terpyridine complex: synthesis, characterization, cytotoxicity in vitro and induction of apoptosis in cancer cells. TRANSIT METAL CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11243-017-0150-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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20
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Isoliquiritigenin Induces Cytotoxicity in PC-12 Cells In Vitro. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2017; 183:1173-1190. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-017-2491-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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21
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22
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Ruthenium(II) polypyridyl complexes: Synthesis, characterization and anticancer activity studies on BEL-7402 cells. J Inorg Biochem 2017; 173:1-11. [PMID: 28472754 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2017.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Two new ligand PTTP (2-phenoxy-1,4,8,9-tetraazatriphenylene) and FTTP (2-(3-fluoronaphthalen-2-yloxy)-1,4,8,9-tetraazatriphenylene) and their six ruthenium(II) polypyridyl complexes [Ru(N-N)2(PTTP)](ClO4)2 and [Ru(N-N)2(FTTP)](ClO4)2 (N-N=dmb: 4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipiridine; dmp: 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline; ttbpy: 4,4'-ditertiarybutyl-2,2'-bipyridine) were synthesized and characterized. The cytotoxic activity of the complexes against cancer cells HeLa, BEL-7402, A549, HepG-2, HOS and normal cell LO2 was evaluated by MTT method. The IC50 values range from 1.5±0.1 to 55.9±7.5μM. Complex 3 shows the highest cytotoxic activity toward BEL-7402 cells (IC50=1.5±0.1μM). Complex 5 displays most effective inhibition of the cell growth in A549 and HOS cells with low IC50 values of 2.5±0.6 and 2.6±0.1μM, respectively. The apoptosis, reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial membrane potential, DNA damage, autophagy and anti-metastasis assay were investigated under a fluorescent microscope. The cell cycle arrest was assayed by flow cytometry, and the expression of caspases and Bcl-2 family proteins was studied by western blot. The results obtained show that the complexes induce apoptosis in BEL-7402 cells through a ROS-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction pathway.
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23
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Hong XL, Zeng MH, Liu LJ, Ye XL, Yi DS. Synthesis, characterization and in vitro antitumor behavior of a vanadium(V) complex with 4′-(3-methoxyphenyl)-2,2′:6′2″-terpyridine. J COORD CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2017.1290800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Lan Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Mao-Hua Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Li-Juan Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Xiu-Li Ye
- Department of Chemistry, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Dao-Sheng Yi
- Yingdong College of Life Sciences, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, Guangdong, PR China
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24
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Tang B, Shen F, Wan D, Guo BH, Wang YJ, Yi QY, Liu YJ. DNA-binding, molecular docking studies and biological activity studies of ruthenium(ii) polypyridyl complexes. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra05103d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Three new Ru(ii) complexes [Ru(N–N)2(PTCP)]2+ were synthesized and characterized. The DNA-binding, in vitro cytotoxicity, apoptosis, autophagy and western blot analysis were investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Tang
- School of Pharmacy
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Fang Shen
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- South China Agricultural University
- Guangzhou 510642
- P. R. China
| | - Dan Wan
- School of Pharmacy
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Bo-Hong Guo
- School of Pharmacy
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Yang-Jie Wang
- School of Pharmacy
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Qiao-Yan Yi
- School of Pharmacy
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Yun-Jun Liu
- School of Pharmacy
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
- Guangdong Cosmetics Engineering & Technology Research Center
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25
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Wan D, Lai SH, Yang HH, Tang B, Zhang C, Yin H, Zeng CC, Liu YJ. Synthesis, characterization and anticancer effect of the ruthenium (II) polypyridyl complexes on HepG2 cells. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2016; 165:246-255. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2016.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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26
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Zeng CC, Zhang C, Yao JH, Lai SH, Han BJ, Li W, Tang B, Wan D, Liu YJ. Platycodin D induced apoptosis and autophagy in PC-12 cells through mitochondrial dysfunction pathway. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2016; 168:199-205. [PMID: 27294548 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this article, the in vitro cytotoxicity of platycodin D was evaluated in human PC-12, SGC-7901, BEL-7402, HeLa and A549 cancer cell lines. PC-12 cells were sensitive to platycodin D treatment, with an IC50 value of 13.5±1.2μM. Morphological and comet assays showed that platycodin D effectively induced apoptosis in PC-12 cells. Platycodin D increased the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and induced a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential. Platycodin D induced cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase in the PC-12 cell line. Platycodin D can induce autophagy. In addition, platycodin D can down-regulate the expression of Bcl-2 and Bcl-x, and up-regulate the levels of Bid protein in the PC-12 cells. The results demonstrated that platycodin D induced PC-12 cell apoptosis through a ROS-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Chuan Zeng
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Jun-Hua Yao
- Instrumentation Analysis and Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Shang-Hai Lai
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Bing-Jie Han
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Wei Li
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Bing Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Dan Wan
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Yun-Jun Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
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27
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The induction of apoptosis in SGC-7901 cells through the ROS-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction pathway by a Ir(III) complex. J Biol Inorg Chem 2016; 21:1047-1060. [DOI: 10.1007/s00775-016-1401-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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28
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Zeng CC, Lai SH, Yao JH, Zhang C, Yin H, Li W, Han BJ, Liu YJ. The induction of apoptosis in HepG-2 cells by ruthenium(II) complexes through an intrinsic ROS-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction pathway. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 122:118-126. [PMID: 27344489 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Four new ruthenium(II) polypyridyl complexes [Ru(N-N)2(dhbn)](ClO4)2 (N-N = dmb: 4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine 1; bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine 2; phen = 1,10-phenanthroline 3; dmp = 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline 4) were synthesized and characterized. The cytotoxicity in vitro of the ligand and complexes toward HepG-2, HeLa, MG-63 and A549 were assayed by MTT method. The IC50 values of the complexes against the above cells range from 17.7 ± 1.1 to 45.1 ± 2.8 μM. The cytotoxic activity of the complexes against HepG-2 cells follows the order of 4 > 2 > 3 > 1. Ligand shows no cytotoxic activity against the selected cell lines. Cellular uptake, apoptosis, comet assay, reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial membrane potential, cell cycle arrest, and the expression of proteins involved in apoptosis pathway induced by the complexes were investigated. The results indicate that complexes 1-4 induce apoptosis in HepG-2 cells through an intrinsic ROS-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Chuan Zeng
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Shang-Hai Lai
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Jun-Hua Yao
- Instrumentation Analysis and Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Hui Yin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
| | - Wei Li
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Bing-Jie Han
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Yun-Jun Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
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29
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Synthesis, characterization and anticancer activity studies of ruthenium(II) polypyridyl complexes on A549 cells. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2016; 161:295-303. [PMID: 27288660 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Four new ruthenium(II) polypyridyl complexes [Ru(N-N)2(bddp)](ClO4)21-4 (N-N=dmb: 4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine 1, bpy: 2,2'-bipyridine 2, phen: 1,10-phenanthroline 3 and dmp: 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline 4, bddp=benzilo[2,3-b]-1,4-diazabenzo[i]dipyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c]phenazine) were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, ESI-MS and (1)H NMR. The cytotoxicity in vitro of the complexes against BEL-7402, HeLa, MG-63 and A549 cell lines was investigated by MTT method. The complexes show high cytotoxic activity toward the selected cell lines with an IC50 value ranging from 5.3±0.6 to 15.7±3.6μM. The apoptosis was studied with acridine orange (AO)/ethdium bromide (EB) and Hoechst 33258 staining methods. The cellular uptake was investigated with DAPI staining method. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial membrane potential were performed under fluorescent microscope and flow cytometry. The complexes can induce an increase in the ROS levels and a decrease in the mitochondrial membrane potential. The comet assay was studied with fluorescent microscope. The percentage in apoptotic and necrotic cells and cell cycle arrest were assayed by flow cytometry. The effects of the complexes on the expression of caspases and Bcl-2 family proteins were studied by western blot analysis. The results show that the complexes induce apoptosis in A549 cells through an ROS-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction pathway, which was accompanied by regulating the expression of Bcl-2 family proteins.
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30
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Zhang C, Han BJ, Zeng CC, Lai SH, Li W, Tang B, Wan D, Jiang GB, Liu YJ. Synthesis, characterization, in vitro cytotoxicity and anticancer effects of ruthenium(II) complexes on BEL-7402 cells. J Inorg Biochem 2016; 157:62-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2016.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2015] [Revised: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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31
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The studies on the cytotoxicity in vitro, cellular uptake, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis-inducing properties of ruthenium methylimidazole complex [Ru(MeIm)4(p-cpip)]2+. J Inorg Biochem 2016; 156:64-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2015.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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32
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Lai SH, Li W, Wang XZ, Zhang C, Zeng CC, Tang B, Wan D, Liu YJ. Apoptosis, autophagy, cell cycle arrest, cell invasion and BSA-binding studies in vitro of ruthenium(ii) polypyridyl complexes. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra11391e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Four new ruthenium(ii) polypyridyl complexes were synthesized and characterized. The anticancer activity was investigated by cytotoxicity in vitro, apoptosis, comet assay, ROS, autophagy, cell invasion and western blot analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang-Hai Lai
- School of Pharmacy
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou
- P.R. China
| | - Wei Li
- School of Pharmacy
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou
- P.R. China
| | - Xiu-Zhen Wang
- School of Pharmacy
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou
- P.R. China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- School of Pharmacy
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou
- P.R. China
| | - Chuan-Chuan Zeng
- School of Pharmacy
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou
- P.R. China
| | - Bing Tang
- School of Pharmacy
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou
- P.R. China
| | - Dan Wan
- School of Pharmacy
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou
- P.R. China
| | - Yun-Jun Liu
- School of Pharmacy
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou
- P.R. China
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33
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Balakrishnan C, Natarajan S, Neelakantan MA. Exploration of biological activities of alkyne arms containing Cu(ii) and Ni(ii) complexes: syntheses, crystal structures and DFT calculations. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra20650f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Several mononuclear Cu(ii) and Ni(ii) Schiff base (N,O-donor) complexes were synthesized and characterized. The binding ability with DNA and BSA and catecholase activity of the complexes were investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Satheesh Natarajan
- Department of Pharmacy
- School of Health Sciences
- Kwazulu Natal University
- Durban-4001
- South Africa
| | - M. A. Neelakantan
- Chemistry Research Centre
- National Engineering College
- Tamil Nadu
- India
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34
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Morkunas V, Gabryte E, Vengris M, Danielius R, Danieliene E, Ruksenas O. DNA Damage in Bone Marrow Cells Induced by Femtosecond and Nanosecond Ultraviolet Laser Pulses. Photomed Laser Surg 2015; 33:585-91. [DOI: 10.1089/pho.2015.3897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Vaidotas Morkunas
- Department of Botany and Genetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Egle Gabryte
- Light Conversion Ltd., Vilnius, Lithuania
- Department of Quantum Electronics, Faculty of Physics, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Mikas Vengris
- Department of Quantum Electronics, Faculty of Physics, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | | | - Egle Danieliene
- Joint Stock Company Akiu Gydytoju Praktika, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Osvaldas Ruksenas
- Department of Neurobiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
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35
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Han BJ, Li W, Jiang GB, Lai SH, Zhang C, Zeng CC, Liu YJ. Effects of daidzein in regards to cytotoxicity in vitro, apoptosis, reactive oxygen species level, cell cycle arrest and the expression of caspase and Bcl-2 family proteins. Oncol Rep 2015; 34:1115-20. [PMID: 26178389 PMCID: PMC4530929 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.4133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, the in vitro cytotoxicity of daidzein was evaluated in human BEL-7402, A549, HeLa, HepG-2 and MG-63 cancer cell lines. BEL-7402 cells were sensitive to daidzein treatment, with an IC50 value of 59.7±8.1 µM. Daidzein showed no cytotoxic activity toward A549, HeLa, HepG-2 and MG-63 cells. Daidzein increased the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and induced a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential. Morphological and comet assays showed that daidzein effectively induced apoptosis in BEL-7402 cells. Additionally, daidzein caused cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase in the BEL-7402 cell line. Daidzein downregulated the expression of Bcl-2, Bcl-x and Baid proteins and upregulated the levels of Bim protein in the BEL-7402 cells. The results demonstrated that daidzein induced BEL-7402 cell apoptosis through an ROS-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Jie Han
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Wei Li
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Guang-Bin Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Shang-Hai Lai
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Chuan-Chuan Zeng
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Yun-Jun Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
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36
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Li W, Han BJ, Yao JH, Jiang GB, Lin GJ, Xie YY, Huang HL, Liu YJ. Anticancer activity studies of a ruthenium(II) polypyridyl complex against human hepatocellular (BEL-7402) cells. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2015; 150:127-134. [PMID: 26037497 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2015.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Revised: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A Ru(II) polypyridyl complex [Ru(bpy)2(HMSPIP)](ClO4)2 (1) (bpy=2,2'-bipyridine, HMSPIP=2-(4-methylsulfonyl)phenyl-1H-imidazo[4,5-f][1,10] phenanthroline) was synthesized. The IC50 value of the complex against human hepatocellular cell BEL-7402 is 21.6±2.7 μM. The complex shows no cytotoxic activity toward human lung adenocarcinoma cell A549, human osteosarcoma cell MG-63 and human breast cancer cell SK-BR-3 cells. It is easily for complex 1 to be taken up by BEL-7402 cells. The complex can enhance the reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and induce the decrease in the mitochondrial membrane potential. The complex inhibits the cell growth in BEL-7402 cells at G2/M phase. Complex 1 can regulate the expression of Bcl-2 family proteins. The results show that the complex induces apoptosis of BEL-7402 cells through a ROS-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Bing-Jie Han
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Jun-Hua Yao
- Instrumentation Analysis and Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Guang-Bin Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Gan-Jian Lin
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Yang-Yin Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Hong-Liang Huang
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutical, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| | - Yun-Jun Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
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37
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Mixed-ligand copper(II) phenolate complexes: Synthesis, spectral characterization, phosphate-hydrolysis, antioxidant, DNA interaction and cytotoxic studies. J Mol Struct 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2014.09.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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38
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Husain MA, Sarwar T, Rehman SU, Ishqi HM, Tabish M. Ibuprofen causes photocleavage through ROS generation and intercalates with DNA: a combined biophysical and molecular docking approach. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:13837-50. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp00272a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Ibuprofen is an important nonsteroidal anti inflammatory drug which intercalates with DNA and causes phototoxicity through ROS generation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tarique Sarwar
- Department of Biochemistry
- Faculty of Life Sciences
- A.M. University
- Aligarh
- India
| | - Sayeed Ur Rehman
- Department of Biochemistry
- Faculty of Life Sciences
- A.M. University
- Aligarh
- India
| | | | - Mohammad Tabish
- Department of Biochemistry
- Faculty of Life Sciences
- A.M. University
- Aligarh
- India
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39
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Loganathan R, Ramakrishnan S, Ganeshpandian M, Bhuvanesh NSP, Palaniandavar M, Riyasdeen A, Akbarsha MA. Mixed ligand copper(ii) dicarboxylate complexes: the role of co-ligand hydrophobicity in DNA binding, double-strand DNA cleavage, protein binding and cytotoxicity. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:10210-27. [DOI: 10.1039/c4dt03879g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Mixed ligand 5,6-dmp and 3,4,7,8-tmp complexes display more prominent cytotoxicity and higher apoptotic inducing ability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sethu Ramakrishnan
- School of Chemistry
- Bharathidasan University
- Tiruchirappalli – 620 024
- India
| | - Mani Ganeshpandian
- School of Chemistry
- Bharathidasan University
- Tiruchirappalli – 620 024
- India
| | | | - Mallayan Palaniandavar
- School of Chemistry
- Bharathidasan University
- Tiruchirappalli – 620 024
- India
- Distinguished Visiting Professor
| | | | - Mohamad Abdulkadhar Akbarsha
- Mahatma Gandhi–Doerenkamp Center for Alternatives to Use of Animals in Life Science Education
- Bharathidasan University
- Tiruchirappalli
- India
- Visiting Professor
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40
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Li W, Han BJ, Yao JH, Jiang GB, Liu YJ. Cytotoxicity in vitro, cell migration and apoptotic mechanism studies induced by ruthenium(ii) complexes. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra00553a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Four Ru(ii) complexes [Ru(N–N)2(DHBT)](ClO4)2 were synthesized and characterized. The cytotoxicity in vitro, apoptosis, comet assay, cell migration, ROS, mitochondrial membrane potential, cell cycle arrest and expression of proteins were investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- School of Pharmacy
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou
- PR China
| | - Bing-Jie Han
- School of Pharmacy
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou
- PR China
| | - Jun-Hua Yao
- Instrumentation Analysis and Research Center
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou
- PR China
| | - Guang-Bin Jiang
- School of Pharmacy
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou
- PR China
| | - Yun-Jun Liu
- School of Pharmacy
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou
- PR China
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41
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Ruthenium(II) polypyridyl complexes induce BEL-7402 cell apoptosis by ROS-mediated mitochondrial pathway. J Inorg Biochem 2014; 141:170-179. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2014.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Revised: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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42
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Gurumoorthy P, Mahendiran D, Prabhu D, Arulvasu C, Rahiman AK. Magneto-structural correlation, antioxidant, DNA interaction and growth inhibition activities of new chloro-bridged phenolate complexes. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra06941b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The consistent stability constants as well as antioxidant, DNA interaction and cytotoxicity efficacy of chloro-bridged complexes have been established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perumal Gurumoorthy
- Post-Graduate and Research Department of Chemistry
- The New College (Autonomous)
- Chennai-600 014, India
| | - Dharmasivam Mahendiran
- Post-Graduate and Research Department of Chemistry
- The New College (Autonomous)
- Chennai-600 014, India
| | - Durai Prabhu
- Department of Zoology
- University of Madras
- Chennai-600 025, India
| | | | - Aziz Kalilur Rahiman
- Post-Graduate and Research Department of Chemistry
- The New College (Autonomous)
- Chennai-600 014, India
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Loganathan R, Ramakrishnan S, Suresh E, Palaniandavar M, Riyasdeen A, Akbarsha MA. Mixed ligand μ-phenoxo-bridged dinuclear copper(ii) complexes with diimine co-ligands: efficient chemical nuclease and protease activities and cytotoxicity. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:6177-94. [DOI: 10.1039/c3dt52518j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Ganeshpandian M, Loganathan R, Suresh E, Riyasdeen A, Akbarsha MA, Palaniandavar M. New ruthenium(ii) arene complexes of anthracenyl-appended diazacycloalkanes: effect of ligand intercalation and hydrophobicity on DNA and protein binding and cleavage and cytotoxicity. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:1203-19. [DOI: 10.1039/c3dt51641e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Ganeshpandian M, Loganathan R, Ramakrishnan S, Riyasdeen A, Akbarsha MA, Palaniandavar M. Interaction of mixed ligand copper(II) complexes with CT DNA and BSA: Effect of primary ligand hydrophobicity on DNA and protein binding and cleavage and anticancer activities. Polyhedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2012.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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46
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Perde-Schrepler M, Chereches G, Brie I, Tatomir C, Postescu ID, Soran L, Filip A. Grape seed extract as photochemopreventive agent against UVB-induced skin cancer. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2012.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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47
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O'Dowd JM, Zavala AG, Brown CJ, Mori T, Fortunato EA. HCMV-infected cells maintain efficient nucleotide excision repair of the viral genome while abrogating repair of the host genome. PLoS Pathog 2012; 8:e1003038. [PMID: 23209410 PMCID: PMC3510244 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2012] [Accepted: 10/03/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Many viruses subvert the host cell's ability to mount and complete various DNA damage responses (DDRs) after infection. HCMV infection of permissive fibroblasts activates host DDRs at the time of viral deposition and during replication, but the DDRs remain uncompleted without arrest or apoptosis. We believe this was in part due to partitioning of the damage response and double strand break repair components. After extraction of soluble proteins, the localization of these components fell into three groups: specifically associated with the viral replication centers (RCs), diffused throughout the nucleoplasm and excluded from the RCs. Others have shown that cells are incapable of processing exogenously introduced damage after infection. We hypothesized that the inability of the cells to process damage might be due to the differential association of repair components within the RCs and, in turn, potentially preferential repair of the viral genome and compromised repair of the host genome. To test this hypothesis we used multiple strategies to examine repair of UV-induced DNA damage in mock and virus-infected fibroblasts. Comet assays indicated that repair was initiated, but was not completed in infected cells. Quantitative analysis of immunofluorescent localization of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) revealed that after 24 h of repair, CPDs were significantly reduced in viral DNA, but not significantly changed in the infected host DNA. To further quantitate CPD repair, we developed a novel dual-color Southern protocol allowing visualization of host and viral DNA simultaneously. Combining this Southern methodology with a CPD-specific T4 endonuclease V alkaline agarose assay to quantitate repair of adducts, we found efficient repair of CPDs from the viral DNA but not host cellular DNA. Our data confirm that NER functions in HCMV-infected cells and almost exclusively repairs the viral genome to the detriment of the host's genome. Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a leading cause of birth defects. This may be due in part to this virus' ability to inflict specific damage to its host's DNA, combined with the disruption of an infected cell's ability to repair damage. Earlier studies found that components of the cell's repair machinery were differentially associated with the HCMV viral replication centers in the nucleus. Experiments here extend this observation to include components of the machinery involved in UV lesion repair. We hypothesized that association of components of the DNA repair machinery within the viral replication centers could favor the repair of viral DNA, but more importantly, be detrimental to the repair of cellular DNA. Infected cells were irradiated and examined for repair by three different methods. In the course of this study, we developed a new technique allowing simultaneous evaluation of both the viral and host genomes in an infected cell. These experiments found rapid, selective removal of UV lesions from the viral and not the cellular DNA within infected cells. Our results indicate the differential association of certain cellular repair proteins with this virus may have far-reaching implications in the disease pathogenesis of HCMV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M. O'Dowd
- Department of Biological Sciences and Center for Reproductive Biology, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, United States of America
| | - Anamaria G. Zavala
- Department of Biological Sciences and Center for Reproductive Biology, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, United States of America
| | - Celeste J. Brown
- Department of Biological Sciences and Center for Reproductive Biology, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, United States of America
| | - Toshio Mori
- Radioisotope Research Center, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Elizabeth A. Fortunato
- Department of Biological Sciences and Center for Reproductive Biology, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Radhakrishnan N, Gnanamani A, Prasad NR, Mandal AB. Inhibition of UVB-induced oxidative damage and apoptotic biochemical changes in human lymphocytes by 2,5-dihydroxy-3-undecyl-1,4-benzoquinone (embelin). Int J Radiat Biol 2012; 88:575-82. [PMID: 22631448 DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2012.697644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The present study investigates the inhibition of Ultraviolet B (UVB, 290-320 nm) radiation-induced oxidative damage in peripheral blood human lymphocytes by embelin extracted from Embelia ribes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Embelin was extracted, purified and characterized. Prior to inhibitory assessment, a maximum concentration of embelin that was non-toxic was determined. Six experimental groups, including respective controls were made to assess the inhibitory effect of embelin for the selected concentrations of 10 and 20 μg/ml. For the experimental groups; lymphocytes (1 × 10(6) cells) were pre-treated with the chosen concentration of embelin for a period of 60 min and then exposed to UVB for 30 min. UVB radiation inhibitory effect of embelin assessed by measuring antioxidant and lipid peroxidation levels, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) at scheduled time points after irradiation. RESULTS Pre-treatment of lymphocytes with embelin prevents UVB-induced oxidative damage. An increase in antioxidant levels in irradiated cells in the presence of embelin and UV absorbance of embelin could be the reason for the decrease in lipid peroxidation level and prevention of DNA damage by UVB radiation. CONCLUSION Embelin prevents oxidative stress induced by UVB irradiation via its antioxidant property.
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Loganathan R, Ramakrishnan S, Suresh E, Riyasdeen A, Akbarsha MA, Palaniandavar M. Mixed ligand copper(II) complexes of N,N-bis(benzimidazol-2-ylmethyl)amine (BBA) with diimine co-ligands: efficient chemical nuclease and protease activities and cytotoxicity. Inorg Chem 2012; 51:5512-32. [PMID: 22559171 DOI: 10.1021/ic2017177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
A series of mononuclear mixed ligand copper(II) complexes [Cu(bba)(diimine)](ClO(4))(2)1-4, where bba is N,N-bis(benzimidazol-2-ylmethyl)amine and diimine is 2,2'-bipyridine (bpy) (1), 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) (2), 5,6-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline (5,6-dmp) (3), or dipyrido[3,2-d:2',3'-f]quinoxaline (dpq) (4), have been isolated and characterized by analytical and spectral methods. The coordination geometry around copper(II) in 2 is described as square pyramidal with the two benzimidazole nitrogen atoms of the primary ligand bba and the two nitrogen atoms of phen (2) co-ligand constituting the equatorial plane and the amine nitrogen atom of bba occupying the apical position. In contrast, the two benzimidazole nitrogen atoms and the amine nitrogen atom of bba ligand and one of the two nitrogen atoms of 5,6-dmp constitute the equatorial plane of the trigonal bipyramidal distorted square based pyramidal (TBDSBP) coordination geometry of 3 with the other nitrogen atom of 5,6-dmp occupying the apical position. The structures of 1-4 have been optimized by using the density functional theory (DFT) method at the B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) level. Absorption spectral titrations with Calf Thymus (CT) DNA reveal that the intrinsic DNA binding affinity of the complexes depends upon the diimine co-ligand, dpq (4) > 5,6-dmp (3) > phen (2) > bpy (1). The DNA binding affinity of 4 is higher than 2 revealing that the π-stacking interaction of the dpq ring in between the DNA base pairs with the two bzim moieties of the bba ligand stacked along the DNA surface is more intimate than that of phen. The complex 3 is bound to DNA more strongly than 1 and 2 through strong hydrophobic interaction of the methyl groups on 5,6-positions of the phen ring in the DNA grooves. The extent of the decrease in relative emission intensities of DNA-bound ethidium bromide (EB) upon adding the complexes parallels the trend in DNA binding affinities. The large enhancement in relative viscosity of DNA upon binding to 3 and 4 supports the DNA binding modes proposed. Interestingly, the 5,6-dmp complex 3 is selective in exhibiting a positive induced CD band (ICD) upon binding to DNA suggesting that it induces a B to A conformational change. In contrast, 2 and 4 show induced CD responses indicating their involvement in strong DNA binding. Interestingly, only the dpq complex 4, which displays the strongest DNA binding affinity and is efficient in cleaving DNA in the absence of an activator with a rate constant of 5.8 ± 0.1 h(-1), which is higher than the uncatalyzed rate of DNA cleavage. All the complexes exhibit oxidative DNA cleavage ability, which varies as 4 > 2 > 3 > 1 (ascorbic acid) and 3 > 2 > 4 > 1 (H(2)O(2)). Also, the complexes cleave the protein bovine serum albumin in the presence of H(2)O(2) as an activator with the cleavage ability varying in the order 3 > 4 > 2 > 1. The highest efficiency of 3 to cleave both DNA and protein in the presence of H(2)O(2) is consistent with its strong hydrophobic interaction with the biopolymers. The IC(50) values of 1-4 against cervical cancer cell lines (SiHa) are almost equal to that of cisplatin, indicating that they have the potential to act as effective anticancer drugs in a time-dependent manner. The morphological assessment data obtained by using acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EB) and Hoechst 33258 staining reveal that 3 induces apoptosis much more effectively than the other complexes. Also, the alkaline single-cell gel electrophoresis study (comet assay) suggests that the same complex induces DNA fragmentation more efficiently than others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rangasamy Loganathan
- Centre for Bioinorganic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620 024, Tamilnadu, India
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Ramakrishnan S, Shakthipriya D, Suresh E, Periasamy VS, Akbarsha MA, Palaniandavar M. Ternary Dinuclear Copper(II) Complexes of a Hydroxybenzamide Ligand with Diimine Coligands: the 5,6-dmp Ligand Enhances DNA Binding and Cleavage and Induces Apoptosis. Inorg Chem 2011; 50:6458-71. [DOI: 10.1021/ic1024185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eringathodi Suresh
- Analytical Science Discipline, Central Salt and Marine Chemical Research Institute, Bhavnagar 364 002, India
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