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Colburn DA. The Impact of Telehealth Expansion on Health Care Utilization, Access, and Outcomes During the Pandemic: A Systematic Review. Telemed J E Health 2024; 30:1401-1410. [PMID: 38100326 DOI: 10.1089/tmj.2023.0440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic brought unprecedented change to the health care industry, including a large and rapid shift to providing care through telehealth technologies. Although the expansion of telehealth services was successful in continuing to provide patients with care while preventing the spread of disease, it is less clear how patient sociodemographic characteristics influenced telehealth use during this time. This study aims to systematically review the published literature on demographic differences in telehealth access, utilization, and health outcomes among a variety of adult patient types in the United States. Methods: Litcovid, PubMed, Web of Science, and MEDLINE databases were searched, resulting in a final sample of n = 32 studies. Results: Results found that studies could be categorized as addressing at least one of eight different areas of inquiry: sociodemographic differences in telehealth use (1) during and (2) before the pandemic, telehealth use versus nonuse (3) during and (4) before the pandemic, (5) telehealth modality, (6) satisfaction with telehealth, (7) outcomes associated with telehealth use, and (8) perceived or actual access to telehealth services. Discussion: Findings are robust across included studies with respect to racial, age, and socioeconomic differences in telehealth utilization and health outcomes, reflecting sociodemographic differences in health care access, utilization, and outcomes more broadly that persist despite this expansion of telehealth services owing to COVID-19. Additional findings across studies are summarized and areas for future research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deirdre A Colburn
- Crimes against Children Research Center, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA
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2
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Blom S, Lindh F, Lundin A, Burström B, Hensing G, Löve J. How gender and low mental health literacy are related to unmet need for mental healthcare: a cross-sectional population-based study in Sweden. Arch Public Health 2024; 82:12. [PMID: 38273389 PMCID: PMC10809616 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-023-01228-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Men are more likely to have unmet need for mental healthcare than women. However, an under-investigated aspect of the gender difference is the role of mental health literacy. This study investigated how combinations of gender and mental health literacy were related to two indicators of unmet need: not perceiving a need for mental healthcare despite poor mental health, and refraining from seeking mental healthcare. METHODS This cross-sectional study was based on a questionnaire sent to a general population sample, aged 16-84 years, in Stockholm County, Sweden, in 2019. Of the 1863 respondents (38%), 1563 were included (≥18 years). The sample was stratified into four groups, men and women with low or high mental health literacy, using the third quartile of the Mental Health Knowledge Schedule. The likelihood of not perceiving a need for mental healthcare and refraining from seeking mental healthcare, at any time in life, were investigated by calculating odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS Men with low mental health literacy were most likely to not perceive a need for mental healthcare, also when adjusting for age, education, and poor mental health (OR 5.3, 95% CI 3.6-7.7), and to refrain from seeking mental healthcare, also when adjusting for age and education (OR 3.3, 95% CI 1.7-6.4), followed by men with high mental health literacy (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.5-2.4, and OR 1.5, 95% CI 1.0-2.2) and women with low mental health literacy (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.2-2.9, and OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.1-3.9). Women with high mental health literacy were least likely (reference group). CONCLUSION The results show differences in the likelihood of unmet need for mental healthcare based on combinations of gender and mental health literacy level, with men having low mental health literacy being most at risk, and women with high mental health literacy being least at risk. This challenges generalisations of a gender difference in unmet need by showing heterogeneity among men and women based on mental health literacy. Men with low mental health literacy may be particularly in need of targeted interventions to reduce potential individual and societal consequences of their unmet need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Blom
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Box 453, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Frida Lindh
- Centre for Epidemiology and Community Medicine, Region Stockholm, Solnavägen 1E, 104 31, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andreas Lundin
- Centre for Epidemiology and Community Medicine, Region Stockholm, Solnavägen 1E, 104 31, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bo Burström
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gunnel Hensing
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Box 453, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jesper Löve
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Box 453, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Felix CMDM, Pereira DAG, Pakosh M, da Silva LP, Ghisi GLDM. A Scoping Review of Measurement Tools Evaluating Awareness and Disease-Related Knowledge in Peripheral Arterial Disease Patients. J Clin Med 2023; 13:107. [PMID: 38202114 PMCID: PMC10780123 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13010107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is the third leading cause of atherosclerotic cardiovascular morbidity worldwide, with high prevalence and associated complications, and is often overlooked and undertreated. Research has shown that there is a profound lack of PAD-related knowledge and awareness; additionally, information sources are not often reliable and accessible. The objective of this scoping review was: (1) to identify and critically appraise instruments that measure patients' disease-related knowledge/awareness about PAD, and (2) to characterize the current state of knowledge/awareness levels among these patients. METHODS This systematic review was conducted and reported in accordance with the PRISMA statement. Six databases (APA PsycInfo, CINAHL Ultimate, Embase, Emcare Nursing, Medline ALL and Web of Science Core Collection) were searched, and search strategies were developed utilizing the PICO framework. Potential studies of any methodological design were considered for inclusion through a snowball hand search. Data from the included articles were extracted by a reviewer, and the extraction accuracy was independently cross-checked by another author. RESULTS The initial database search yielded 9832 records, of which sixteen studies (thirteen quantitative and three qualitative) were included. Only three questionnaires had their psychometric properties assessed. Questionnaire items focused on the following topics: definition/characteristics, risk factors/causes, treatment, complications, and personal issues regarding the perception/management of the disease. Overall, knowledge/awareness about PAD was low among patients. CONCLUSIONS This study identified major gaps in PAD education, including the lack of availability of a validated measurement tool addressing all educational topics relevant to care and low knowledge/awareness of patients about their condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Machado de Melo Felix
- Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Department of Physiotherapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil; (C.M.d.M.F.); (D.A.G.P.)
| | - Danielle Aparecida Gomes Pereira
- Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Department of Physiotherapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil; (C.M.d.M.F.); (D.A.G.P.)
| | - Maureen Pakosh
- Library & Information Services, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2A2, Canada;
| | - Lilian Pinto da Silva
- Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences and Physical Functional Performance, Faculty of Physiotherapy, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, Brazil;
| | - Gabriela Lima de Melo Ghisi
- Library & Information Services, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2A2, Canada;
- KITE Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M4G 1R7, Canada
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Wills J, Sykes S, Hardy S, Kelly M, Moorley C, Ocho O. Gender and health literacy: men's health beliefs and behaviour in Trinidad. Health Promot Int 2021; 35:804-811. [PMID: 31407795 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daz076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Gender variations in health literacy have implications for engagement in preventive behaviours and the uptake of health services, especially in areas such as the Caribbean where there are marked disparities in life expectancy and health service utilization. A self-reported questionnaire was used to examine men's concepts of health, their help-seeking behaviours and their functional and interactive health literacy. Two hundred and forty-eight men across the life course participated at three sites in Trinidad. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, with free-text responses analysed thematically. Men were concerned about, and accepted responsibility for their own health but social norms concerning sickness and masculinity were barriers to accessing health services. Almost one-third (31.5%) sought advice from a healthcare service when they were last sick because they were prompted to do so by their wife/partner or family. Levels of functional and interactive health literacy were not high among older men, who were reliant on healthcare professionals to communicate health messages. There was an age divide in e-health literacy. There is little published evidence on men's health literacy, particularly from Caribbean countries such as Trinidad and Tobago. This study highlights the importance of the design and implementation of specific policies focusing on men's health. A major challenge is to engage with men who do not access health services.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Wills
- London South Bank University, 101 Borough Road, London SE1 0AA, UK
| | - S Sykes
- London South Bank University, 101 Borough Road, London SE1 0AA, UK
| | - S Hardy
- London South Bank University, 101 Borough Road, London SE1 0AA, UK
| | - M Kelly
- London South Bank University, 101 Borough Road, London SE1 0AA, UK
| | - C Moorley
- London South Bank University, 101 Borough Road, London SE1 0AA, UK
| | - O Ocho
- University of West Indies, Cor. College and St Cecelia Roads, El Dorado, Trinidad and Tobago
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Dubbin L, Burke N, Fleming M, Thompson-Lastad A, Napoles TM, Yen I, Shim JK. Social Literacy: Nurses' Contribution Toward the Co-Production of Self-Management. Glob Qual Nurs Res 2021; 8:2333393621993451. [PMID: 33628867 PMCID: PMC7882743 DOI: 10.1177/2333393621993451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
We share findings from a larger ethnographic study of two urban complex care management programs in the Western United States. The data presented stem from in-depth interviews conducted with 17 complex care management RNs and participant observations of home visits. We advance the concept of social literacy as a nursing attribute that comprises an RN's recognition and responses to the varied types of hinderances to self-management with which patients must contend in their lived environment. It is through social literacy that complex care management RNs reconceptualize and understand health literacy to be a product born out of the social circumstances in which patients live and the stratified nature of the health care systems that provide them care. Social literacy provides a broader framework for health literacy-one that is situated within the patient's social context through which complex care management RNs must navigate for self-management goals to be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nancy Burke
- University of California, San Francisco, USA
- University of California, Merced, USA
| | | | | | | | - Irene Yen
- University of California, Merced, USA
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Naccarella L, Pickering-Gummer D, Gannon D, Dell Aquila C, Huxtable A, Keane K. Western Bulldogs Sons of the West Program ripple effects: building community capacity. Aust J Prim Health 2019; 25:325-331. [PMID: 31466558 DOI: 10.1071/py18184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Professional sporting organisations can provide lifestyle-based community health improvement programs. Since 2014, the Western Bulldogs Australian Football League Club, through its Western Bulldogs Community Foundation (WBCF), has invested with community partners in the Sons of the West (SOTW) Program, a 10-week program targeted at hard-to-reach men aged ≥18 years living in Victoria's West. The SOTW Program aims to increase its participants' physical activity, social connectedness and overall health. Evaluations by the WBCF revealed the SOTW is positively contributing to improved healthier lifestyles and health of participants. Anecdotal reports revealed the SOTW was creating ripples far beyond the Program's expectations. In 2016-17, the WBCF funded the University of Melbourne to evaluate the SOTW Program ripple effects. An adapted 'Ripple Effect Mapping' approach was used, including 13 focus group discussions with 100 SOTW participants. The SOTW Program is improving men's social connections, health promoting behaviours, health literacy and creating ripple effects including: local community participation; increased volunteerism; enhanced reciprocity; and increased leadership. Community capacity-building frameworks can explain the SOTW Program ripple effects. Professional sporting organisations can provide lifestyle-based health improvement programs and empower men to contribute to building community capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucio Naccarella
- Centre for Health Policy, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne. Level 4, 207 Bouverie Street, Carlton, Vic. 3053, Australia; and Corresponding author.
| | - David Pickering-Gummer
- Western Bulldogs Community Foundation, Victoria University Whitten Oval, 417 Barkly Street, Footscray, Vic. 3011, Australia
| | - Dimity Gannon
- Western Bulldogs Community Foundation, Victoria University Whitten Oval, 417 Barkly Street, Footscray, Vic. 3011, Australia
| | - Catherine Dell Aquila
- Western Bulldogs Community Foundation, Victoria University Whitten Oval, 417 Barkly Street, Footscray, Vic. 3011, Australia
| | - Alyssa Huxtable
- Western Bulldogs Community Foundation, Victoria University Whitten Oval, 417 Barkly Street, Footscray, Vic. 3011, Australia
| | - Kieran Keane
- Western Bulldogs Community Foundation, Victoria University Whitten Oval, 417 Barkly Street, Footscray, Vic. 3011, Australia
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Milner A, Shields M, King T. The Influence of Masculine Norms and Mental Health on Health Literacy Among Men: Evidence From the Ten to Men Study. Am J Mens Health 2019; 13:1557988319873532. [PMID: 31690213 PMCID: PMC6728685 DOI: 10.1177/1557988319873532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adherence to masculine norms, such as self-reliance, has been thought to predict lower health literacy. Additionally, males with poor mental health may have low health literacy. Using two waves of the Ten to Men cohort, the current study examined whether masculinity and depressive symptomology explained three aspects of health literacy among men. METHODS Three subscales of the Health Literacy Questionnaire were used as the outcomes: Ability to find good health information; Ability to actively engage with healthcare providers, and Feeling understood and supported by healthcare providers. Exposures were masculine norms, measured by the Conformity to Masculine Norms Inventory (CMNI-22), and depressive symptoms, measured by the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ). We controlled for confounders of the relationship between exposure and outcome. Ordinary least squares regression was used to assess the CMNI and depressive symptoms (measured in Wave 1) on health literacy (measured in Wave 2). RESULTS Across all three health literacy scales, increased global conformity to masculine norms was associated with a decrease in health literacy. Moderate-to-severe depressive symptoms were likewise associated with a decrease in health literacy on all three scales, with the effects particularly strong for "Ability to engage with healthcare providers" (coef. -1.54, 95% CI [-1.84, -1.24], p value < .001). CONCLUSIONS The results of this article highlight that both conformity to masculine norms and depressive symptoms may be predictors of health literacy among men. The results of this study suggest the need for health literacy media campaigns that address the complexities of gendered help-seeking behaviors. TRIAL REGISTRATION Not applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Milner
- Disability and Health Unit, Centre for
Health Equity, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of
Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Marissa Shields
- Disability and Health Unit, Centre for
Health Equity, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of
Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tania King
- Disability and Health Unit, Centre for
Health Equity, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of
Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
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Rahja M, Laver K. What does the Australian public know about occupational therapy for older people? A population survey. Aust Occup Ther J 2019; 66:511-518. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1630.12578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miia Rahja
- Department of Rehabilitation, Aged and Extended Care Flinders Medical Centre Flinders University Bedford Park South Australia Australia
- Cognitive Decline Partnership Centre Hornsby Ku‐Ring‐Gai Hospital Hornsby New South Wales Australia
| | - Kate Laver
- Department of Rehabilitation, Aged and Extended Care Flinders Medical Centre Flinders University Bedford Park South Australia Australia
- Cognitive Decline Partnership Centre Hornsby Ku‐Ring‐Gai Hospital Hornsby New South Wales Australia
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Frech A, Natale G, Hayes D, Tumin D. Marital Status and Return to Work After Living Kidney Donation. Prog Transplant 2018; 28:226-230. [PMID: 29879858 DOI: 10.1177/1526924818781560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Living kidney donation is safe and effective, but patients in need of a transplant continue to outnumber donors. Disincentives to living donation include lost income, risk of job loss, perioperative complications, and unreimbursed medical expenses. METHODS This study uses US registry and follow-up data on living kidney donors from 2013 to 2015 to identify social predictors of return to work across gender following living kidney donation. RESULTS Using logistic regression, we find that predictors of return to work following living kidney donation differ for women and men. Among women, age, education, smoking status, and procedure type are associated with return to work. Among men, education, procedure type, and hospital readmission within 6 weeks postdonation are associated with return to work. Notably, single and divorced men are less likely to return to work compared to married men (odds ratio [OR] for single men 0.51, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.37-0.69, P < .001; OR for divorced men 0.51, 95% CI, 0.34-0.75, P = .006). Marital status is not associated with return to work for women. Single and divorced men's greater odds of not returning to work are robust to controls for relevant pre- and postdonation characteristics. CONCLUSIONS Single and divorced men's lack of social support may present an obstacle to work resumption following living kidney donation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrianne Frech
- 1 Department of Health Sciences, University of Missouri, Kent State University, Ginny Natale, MA, USA
| | | | - Don Hayes
- 3 Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH USA
| | - Dmitry Tumin
- 4 Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
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Abstract
Constructions of masculinity have shifted and changed but the central role of the penis has remained firm. Yet, despite the implications for sexual health, there has been very little research on discourses around penises. The messages men receive about their manhood is apparent in articles in men’s magazines. We conducted a discursive analysis of the ways in which penises were discussed in four market leading UK titles: Loaded, Men’s Health, GQ and Attitude. Two broad discourses were identified, termed Laddish and Medicalised, both of which create fear-ridden spaces where men are bombarded with unachievable masculine ideals and traumatic examples of mutilated members. We discuss how health psychologists could use the findings to communicate with men about their sexual health needs using this channel.
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Vissandjée B, Short WE, Bates K. Health and legal literacy for migrants: twinned strands woven in the cloth of social justice and the human right to health care. BMC INTERNATIONAL HEALTH AND HUMAN RIGHTS 2017; 17:10. [PMID: 28403844 PMCID: PMC5390456 DOI: 10.1186/s12914-017-0117-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Background Based on an analysis of published literature, this paper provides an over-view of the challenges associated with delivering on the right to access quality health care for international migrants to industrialized countries, and asks which group of professionals is best equipped to provide services that increase health and legal literacy. Both rights and challenges are approached from a social justice perspective with the aim of identifying opportunities to promote greater health equity. That is, to go beyond the legal dictates enshrined in principles of equality, and target as an ethical imperative a situation where all migrants receive the particular assistance they need to overcome the barriers that inhibit their equitable access to health care. This assistance is especially important for migrant groups that are further disadvantaged by differing cultural constructions of gender. Viewing the topic from this perspective makes evident a gap in both research literature and policy. The review has found that while health literacy is debated and enshrined as a policy objective, and consideration is given to improving legal literacy as a means of challenging social injustice in developing nations, however, no discussion has been identified that considers assisting migrants to gain legal literacy as a step toward achieving not only health literacy and improved health outcomes, but critical participation as members of their adoptive society. Conclusion Increasing migrant health literacy, amalgamated with legal literacy, aids migrants to better access their human right to appropriate care, which in turn demonstrably assists in increasing social engagement, citizenship and productivity. However what is not evident in the literature, is which bureaucratic or societal group holds responsibility for assisting migrants to develop critical citizenship literacy skills. This paper proposes that a debate is required to determine both who is best placed to provide services that increase health and legal literacy, and how they should be resourced, trained and equipped.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilkis Vissandjée
- Faculty of Nursing, Université de Montréal, PO Box 6128 Station Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada.
| | - Wendy E Short
- Université de Montréal, Faculty of Nursing, Université de Montréal, PO Box 6128 Station Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada.,University of Queensland, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, St. Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Karine Bates
- Department of Anthropology, Université de Montréal, PO Box 6128 Station Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada
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Ramukumba TS, Mathikhi MS. Health assessment of taxi drivers in the city of Tshwane. Curationis 2016; 39:e1-e7. [PMID: 28155302 PMCID: PMC6091643 DOI: 10.4102/curationis.v39i1.1671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Taxi driving seems to be a strenuous occupation. There was evidence-based paucity of literature on health assessment of taxi drivers. Meanwhile taxi drivers of South Africa were burdened by communicable and non-communicable diseases including high-level exposure to injuries and criminal attacks. Health assessment of this cohort group enables mitigation to engage in appropriation of relevant interventions related to the occupational needs of taxi drivers. Objectives The objective of the study was to conduct health assessment of taxi drivers in the city of Tshwane to identify health risk factors. Method An exploratory, descriptive and quantitative survey was conducted and anthropometric measurements of blood pressure, body mass index and waist circumference were monitored and recorded on a convenience sample of 69 taxi drivers in Tshwane Municipality. Consent was sought from individual taxi drivers who participated in the study, while taxi rank queue marshals assisted with smooth running of the process. Data were gathered using a questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using statistical STATA II with the assistance of a statistician. Results The study found that taxi drivers were obese, hypertensive, had type II diabetes-related risk factors, including unhealthy life style practices. The results indicate that the general health of taxi drivers impacts their occupation. Conclusion The findings implicate that the health status of taxi operators in Tshwane was a serious concern and urgent concerted effort is needed to engage in lifestyle modification of taxi drivers. The need for health promotion and formalised occupational health services was recommended.
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13
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Morgan PJ, Hollis JL, Young MD, Collins CE, Teixeira PJ. Workday Sitting Time and Marital Status: Novel Pretreatment Predictors of Weight Loss in Overweight and Obese Men. Am J Mens Health 2016; 12:1431-1438. [PMID: 27325207 DOI: 10.1177/1557988316654866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The evidence base for weight loss programs in men is limited. Gaining a greater understanding of which personal characteristics and pretreatment behaviors predict weight loss and attrition in male-only studies would be useful to inform the development of future interventions for men. In December 2010, 159 overweight/obese men (mean age = 47.5 years; body mass index = 32.7 kg/m2) from the Hunter Region of New South Wales, Australia, participated in a randomized controlled trial testing the effectiveness of two versions of a 3-month gender-targeted weight loss program. In the current analyses, social-cognitive, behavioral, and demographic pretreatment characteristics were examined to determine if they predicted weight loss and attrition in the participants over 6 months. Generalized linear mixed models (intention-to-treat) revealed weight change was associated with education level ( p = .02), marital status ( p = .03), fat mass ( p = .045), sitting time on nonwork ( p = .046), and workdays ( p = .03). Workday sitting time and marital status accounted for 6.5% ( p = .01) of the variance in the final model. Attrition was associated with level of education ( p = .01) and body fat percentage ( p = .01), accounting for 9.5% ( p = .002) of the variance in the final model. This study suggests men who spend a lot of time sitting at work, especially those who are not married, may require additional support to experience success in self-administered weight loss programs targeting males. Additional high-quality evidence is needed to improve the understanding which pretreatment behaviors and characteristics predict weight loss and attrition in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip J Morgan
- 1 University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jenna L Hollis
- 1 University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,2 University of Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Myles D Young
- 1 University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Clare E Collins
- 1 University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
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Oliffe JL, Hannan-Leith MN, Ogrodniczuk JS, Black N, Mackenzie CS, Lohan M, Creighton G. Men's depression and suicide literacy: a nationally representative Canadian survey. J Ment Health 2016; 25:520-526. [PMID: 27128307 DOI: 10.1080/09638237.2016.1177770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Male suicide prevention strategies include diagnosis and effective management of men's depression. Fundamental to suicide prevention efforts is public awareness, which in turn, is influenced by literacy levels about men's depression and suicide. AIM The aim of this study is to examine sex differences in mental health literacy with respect to men's depression and suicide among a cohort of Canadian respondents. METHODS About 901 English-speaking Canadian men and women completed online survey questionnaires to evaluate mental health literacy levels using 10-item D-Lit and 8-item LOSS questionnaires, which assess factual knowledge concerning men's depression and suicide. Statistical tests (Chi-square, z-test) were used to identify significant differences between sex sub-groups at 95% confidence. RESULTS Overall, respondents correctly identified 67% of questions measuring literacy levels about male depression. Respondents' male suicide literacy was significantly poorer at 53.7%. Misperceptions were especially evident in terms of differentiating men's depressive symptoms from other mental illnesses, estimating prevalence and identifying factors linked to male suicide. Significant sex differences highlighted that females had higher literacy levels than men in regard to male depression. CONCLUSIONS Implementing gender sensitive and specific programs to target and advance literacy levels about men's depression may be key to ultimately reducing depression and suicide among men in Canada.
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Affiliation(s)
- John L Oliffe
- a School of Nursing, University of British Columbia , Vancouver , BC , Canada
| | - Madeline N Hannan-Leith
- b Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology , and Special Education, University of British Columbia , Vancouver , BC , Canada
| | - John S Ogrodniczuk
- c Department of Psychiatry , University of British Columbia , Vancouver , BC , Canada
| | - Nick Black
- d Intensions Consulting , Vancouver , BC , Canada
| | - Corey S Mackenzie
- e Department of Psychology , University of Manitoba , Winnipeg , MB , Canada
| | - Maria Lohan
- f School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queen's University , Belfast , Ireland , and
| | - Genevieve Creighton
- g Department of Pediatrics , University of British Columbia , Vancouver , BC , Canada
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Differential Impact and Use of a Telehealth Intervention by Persons with MS or SCI. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2016; 94:987-99. [PMID: 25888652 DOI: 10.1097/phm.0000000000000291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to compare outcomes and patterns of engaging with a telehealth intervention (CareCall) by adult wheelchair users with severe mobility limitations with a diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS) or spinal cord injury (SCI). DESIGN The design of this study is a secondary analysis from a pilot randomized controlled trial with 106 participants with SCI and 36 participants with MS. RESULTS General linear model results showed that an interaction between baseline depression score and study group significantly predicted reduced depression at 6 mos for subjects with both diagnoses (P = 0.01). For those with MS, CareCall increased participants' physical independence (P < 0.001). No statistically significant differences in skin integrity were found between study groups for subjects with either diagnosis. All participants were similarly satisfied with CareCall, although those with MS engaged in almost double the amount of calls per person than those with SCI (P = 0.005). Those with SCI missed more calls (P < 0.001) and required more extensive support from a nurse (P = 0.006) than those with MS. CONCLUSION An interactive telephone intervention was effective in reducing depression in adult wheelchair users with either MS or SCI, and in increasing health care access and physical independence for those with a diagnosis of MS. Future research should aim to enhance the efficacy of such an intervention for participants with SCI.
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Davey J, Holden CA, Smith BJ. The correlates of chronic disease-related health literacy and its components among men: a systematic review. BMC Public Health 2015; 15:589. [PMID: 26112264 PMCID: PMC4482294 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-015-1900-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic diseases drive the burden of disease in many societies, particularly among men. Lifestyle behaviours are strongly associated with chronic disease development, and in a number of countries men tend to engage in more risky behaviours, and have lower health knowledge and attention to prevention, than women. This study investigated the correlates of men’s health literacy and its components about major lifestyle-related diseases, namely ischaemic heart disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus, to gain evidence to guide the development of policy and programs to improve men’s health. Methods A systematic review was undertaken of observational studies that investigated men’s health literacy and its components related to ischaemic heart disease or type 2 diabetes mellitus, and their associated risk factors. The Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Embase and the Cochrane Library databases were searched for articles published since 2003. The strength of the evidence was rated using the GRADE approach. Results After screening and review of 504 articles, the search elicited nine studies for inclusion: only one study examined health literacy (nutrition literacy). The majority of included studies focused on only one component of health literacy, namely knowledge (n = 7) and personal skills (confidence) (n = 1). Twenty correlates were identified, primarily relating to the knowledge component, with the strength of the evidence for only one correlate, education, graded as being of moderate quality. The evidence for all other correlates was graded as being of low quality. Conclusions The limited body of research identified may have resulted from a lack of consensus about the definition of health literacy, and a concordant set of validated health literacy measures. Despite these limitations, broadening the search to include components of health literacy has identified that several factors are associated with men’s knowledge and awareness of ischaemic heart disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus that will assist in the development of men’s health promotion strategies. However, addressing the broader knowledge gaps and controversy in the health literacy field will deliver policy and program benefits to address these major contributors to the burden of disease among men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff Davey
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Lev 6, the Alfred Centre, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia.
| | - Carol A Holden
- Andrology Australia, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Lev 1, 549 St Kilda Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia.
| | - Ben J Smith
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Lev 6, the Alfred Centre, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia.
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Stergiou-Kita M, Mansfield E, Sokoloff S, Colantonio A. Gender Influences on Return to Work After Mild Traumatic Brain Injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2015; 97:S40-5. [PMID: 25921979 DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2015.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Revised: 03/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the influence of gender on the return to work experience of workers who sustained a work-related mild traumatic brain injury (TBI). DESIGN Qualitative study using in-depth telephone interviews. SETTING Community. PARTICIPANTS Purposive sampling was used to recruit participants. Participants were adults (N=12; males, n=6, females, n=6) with a diagnosis of mild TBI sustained through a workplace injury. INTERVENTIONS Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Not applicable. RESULTS Our findings suggest that gender impacts return to work experiences in multiple ways. Occupational and breadwinner roles were significant for both men and women after work-related mild TBI. Women in this study were more proactive than men in seeking and requesting medical and rehabilitation services; however, the workplace culture may contribute to whether and how health issues are discussed. Among our participants, those who worked in supportive, nurturing (eg, feminine) workplaces reported more positive return to work (RTW) experiences than participants employed in traditionally masculine work environments. For all participants, employer and coworker relations were critical elements in RTW outcomes. CONCLUSIONS The application of a gender analysis in this preliminary exploratory study revealed that gender is implicated in the RTW process on many levels for men and women alike. Further examination of the work reintegration processes that takes gender into account is necessary for the development of successful policy and practice for RTW after work-related MTBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Stergiou-Kita
- Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Work and Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Mansfield
- Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sandra Sokoloff
- Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Angela Colantonio
- Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Mackert M, Champlin S, Su Z, Guadagno M. The Many Health Literacies: Advancing Research or Fragmentation? HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2015; 30:1161-1165. [PMID: 26372026 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2015.1037422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Health literacy is the degree to which individuals can obtain, process, understand, and communicate about health-related information needed to make informed health decisions and is an important factor in patient health outcomes and resulting health care costs. Because of its importance across many areas of health, specific attention has been given to studying and measuring health literacy in recent years; however, the field lacks consensus on how health literacy should be defined and measured. As a result, numerous definitions and measures of health literacy exist. This fragmentation and inconsistency creates a barrier to conceptualizing, measuring, and understanding health literacy across health domains and fields. A directed literature search reveals a substantial body of work on health literacy; however, findings from studies often emphasize health literacy within specific health domains, populations, contexts, and languages, which makes the comparison of findings across studies difficult. While there is recognition that the measurement of health literacy should be improved, it is important to take into consideration what can be gained from a general health literacy focus and how this could be applied across domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Mackert
- a Stan Richards School of Advertising and Public Relations , University of Texas at Austin
- b Center for Health Communication , University of Texas at Austin
- c School of Public Health , University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
| | - Sara Champlin
- a Stan Richards School of Advertising and Public Relations , University of Texas at Austin
| | - Zhaohui Su
- a Stan Richards School of Advertising and Public Relations , University of Texas at Austin
| | - Marie Guadagno
- a Stan Richards School of Advertising and Public Relations , University of Texas at Austin
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Pander Maat H, Essink-Bot ML, Leenaars KEF, Fransen MP. A short assessment of health literacy (SAHL) in the Netherlands. BMC Public Health 2014; 14:990. [PMID: 25246170 PMCID: PMC4190424 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-14-990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background An earlier attempt to adapt the REALM (Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Medicine) word recognition test to Dutch was not entirely successful due to ceiling effects. In contrast to REALM, the Short Assessment of Health Literacy (SAHL) assesses both word recognition and comprehension in the health domain. The aim of this study was to design, test and validate a SAHL for Dutch patients (SAHL-D). Methods We pretested 95 health-related terms (n = 127) and selected 33 best performing items for validation in a quantitative survey (n = 329). For each item, a correct recognition (1 point) and comprehension (1 point) contributed to the total score (scale 0–66). Internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha. Construct validity was examined by analyzing association patterns of SAHL-D with educational level, objective and subjective health literacy, prose literacy, and vocabulary. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, with prose literacy as the reference standard, determined optimal cut-off scores. Results Cronbach’s alpha was 0.77 for recognition, 0.79 for comprehension, and 0.86 for the total score. Scores significantly differed substantially by educational level. Association patterns mostly confirmed a priori expectations in direction and strength, thereby supporting the construct validity of the SAHL-D. The optimal cut-off scores for differentiating between adequate and low literacy lie between 52.5 and 55.5. A shorter SAHL-D version presenting 22 terms offers a comparable prediction performance. Conclusion The results provide positive evidence for the reliability and validity of the SAHL-D. The SAHL-D can be applied to analyze the role of health literacy in health and healthcare, and for the development and evaluation of targeted interventions. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2458-14-990) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henk Pander Maat
- Department of Languages, Literature and Communication, Utrecht Institute of Linguistics OTS, Trans 10, 3512, JK Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Branney P, Witty K, Bagnall AM, South J, White A. ‘Straight to the GP; that would be where I would go’: An analysis of male frequent attenders’ constructions of their decisions to use or not use health-care services in the UK. Psychol Health 2012; 27:865-80. [DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2011.636443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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21
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Network structures and their relevance to the policy cycle: A case study of The National Male Health Policy of Australia. Soc Sci Med 2012; 74:228-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2011] [Revised: 09/09/2011] [Accepted: 10/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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22
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Peerson A, Saunders M. Men's Health Literacy in Australia: In Search of a Gender Lens. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.3149/jmh.1002.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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23
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Saunders MH, Peerson A. Fifteen years of bowel cancer screening policy in Australia: putting evidence into practice? Med J Aust 2010; 193:621-2. [DOI: 10.5694/j.1326-5377.2010.tb04083.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2010] [Accepted: 09/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Anita Peerson
- School of Health and Social Development, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC
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Saunders MH, Peerson A. Risks associated with low functional health literacy in an Australian population. Comment. Med J Aust 2010; 192:478-9. [PMID: 20402618 DOI: 10.5694/j.1326-5377.2010.tb03596.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2009] [Accepted: 02/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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