1
|
Konkolÿ Thege B, Kinzel E, Hartmann-Boyce J, Choy O. PROTOCOL: The efficacy of nutritional interventions in reducing childhood/youth aggressive and antisocial behavior: A systematic review and meta-analysis. CAMPBELL SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS 2024; 20:e1400. [PMID: 38638327 PMCID: PMC11024636 DOI: 10.1002/cl2.1400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
This is a protocol for a Campbell systematic review of intervention effectiveness. The goal of this systematic review is to answer the following questions based on the available empirical evidence: Are there nutritional interventions (dietary manipulation, fortification or supplementation) that can reduce excessive aggression towards others in children/youth? If yes, how strong is their effect and is there a difference among the three intervention types? Are there nutritional interventions that can reduce antisocial behaviors in children/youth? If yes, how strong is their effect and is there a difference among the intervention types? Are there nutritional interventions that can reduce violent offending in children/youth? If yes, how strong is their effect and is there a difference among the intervention types? Are there nutritional interventions that can reduce non-violent offending in children/youth? If yes, how strong is their effect and is there a difference among the intervention types? What implementation barriers and solutions to these exist in relation to the above nutritional interventions in children/youth?
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barna Konkolÿ Thege
- Waypoint Centre for Mental Health Care Waypoint Research Institute Penetanguishene Canada
- Department of Psychiatry University of Toronto, Temerty Faculty of Medicine Toronto Canada
| | - Eden Kinzel
- Gerstein Science Information Centre University of Toronto Toronto Canada
| | - Jamie Hartmann-Boyce
- Department of Health Policy and Promotion University of Massachusetts Amherst Amherst USA
| | - Olivia Choy
- School of Social Sciences Nanyang Technological University Singapore Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Avieli H. Prisoners' experience of health self-management: A qualitative study. J Nurs Scholarsh 2023; 55:926-935. [PMID: 36789881 DOI: 10.1111/jnu.12881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Among the noninstitutionalized population, health care is increasingly shifting from a paternalistic model toward promoting patients' involvement in decision-making and in managing their condition. This paradigm shift toward health self-management is less applicable to individuals in prison whose health management choices are limited. The aim of this study was to explore prisoners' health self-management needs and the strategies used to maintain health self-management in a highly restrictive prison environment. DESIGN A qualitative phenomenological study design was selected for this research. METHODS An interpretive phenomenological analysis was chosen to present the narratives of prisoners regarding their health self-management. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 male prisoners followed by content analysis. RESULTS The analysis of the participants' narratives revealed four major themes: (1) "I thrive on the anger so I can turn it into some more sit-ups:" Initiating sporting activities (2) "Food shouldn't be that white…:" Prisoners' quest for healthier eating (3) "I felt I want more out of life…:" Avoiding an unhealthy lifestyle (4) "I want to be taken care of:" The struggle for better health care. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that prisoners can overcome the challenges of maintaining health in prison and become committed to better health management. Prisoners who serve as health resources may help reduce the load on correctional facilities' health care systems and the public.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hila Avieli
- Department of Criminology, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mutz M, Müller J. Health decline in prison and the effects of sporting activity: results of the Hessian prison sports study. HEALTH & JUSTICE 2023; 11:34. [PMID: 37642783 PMCID: PMC10463329 DOI: 10.1186/s40352-023-00237-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies about health in prisons conclude that incarceration has detrimental consequences for physical and mental health. It is associated with weight gain, decreased fitness, increased cardiovascular risks, and increased risks for mental illnesses, like depression and anxiety. This article examines the relationships between sports activity and health developments among prisoners. We analyze data from the Hessian Prison Sports Study, conducted in 12 prisons of the federal state of Hesse, Germany. RESULTS Based on quantitative survey data of 568 prisoners in regular custody, our empirical findings show that inmates perceive substantial health declines since incarceration. They report substantial decreases in general health (d=-0.52) and life satisfaction (d=-0.84) as well as an increased number of health problems (d = 0.71). However, sport has a potential to buffer this decline of health. Prisoners engaged in sports report a less negative development of their health compared to inactive prisoners. The greater the amount of time spent with sports activities, the better are the health trajectories found. CONCLUSION Findings add to the public health and prison sport literature by demonstrating health benefits of sporting activities in a vulnerable population group that almost inevitably is exposed to manifold strains and burdens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Mutz
- Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Kugelberg 62, 35394, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Johannes Müller
- Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Kugelberg 62, 35394, Giessen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
McFadzean IJ, Davies K, Purchase T, Edwards A, Hellard S, Ashcroft DM, Avery AJ, Flynn S, Hewson T, Jordan M, Keers R, Panagioti M, Wainwright V, Walter F, Shaw J, Carson-Stevens A. Patient safety in prisons: a multi-method analysis of reported incidents in England. J R Soc Med 2023:1410768231166138. [PMID: 37196674 PMCID: PMC10387805 DOI: 10.1177/01410768231166138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Prisoners use healthcare services three times more frequently than the general population with poorer health outcomes. Their distinct healthcare needs often pose challenges to safe healthcare provision. This study aimed to characterise patient safety incidents reported in prisons to guide practice improvement and identify health policy priorities.Design: We carried out an exploratory multi-method analysis of anonymised safety incidents from prisons. SETTING Safety incidents had been reported to the National Reporting and Learning System by prisons in England between April 2018 and March 2019. PARTICIPANTS Reports were reviewed to identify any unintended or unexpected incident(s) which could have, or did, lead to harm for prisoners receiving healthcare. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Free-text descriptions were examined to identify the type and nature of safety incidents, their outcomes and harm severity. Analysis was contextualised with subject experts through structured workshops to explain relationships between the most common incidents and contributory factors. RESULTS Of 4112 reports, the most frequently observed incidents were medication-related (n = 1167, 33%), specifically whilst administering medications (n = 626, 54%). Next, were access-related (n = 559,15%), inclusive of delays in patients accessing healthcare professionals (n = 236, 42%) and managing medical appointments (n = 171, 31%). The workshops contextualised incidents involving contributing factors (n = 1529, 28%) into three key themes, namely healthcare access, continuity of care and the balance between prison and healthcare priorities. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the importance of improving medication safety and access to healthcare services for prisoners. We recommend staffing level reviews to ensure healthcare appointments are attended, and to review procedures for handling missed appointments, communication during patient transfers and medication prescribing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isobel J McFadzean
- Division of Population Medicine, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4YU, UK
| | - Kate Davies
- Division of Population Medicine, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4YU, UK
| | - Thomas Purchase
- Division of Population Medicine, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4YU, UK
| | - Adrian Edwards
- PRIME Centre Wales, Division of Population Medicine, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4YU, UK
| | - Stuart Hellard
- Division of Population Medicine, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4YU, UK
| | - Darren M Ashcroft
- Centre for Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety, Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
- NIHR Greater Manchester Patient Safety Translational Research Centre (PSTRC), University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Anthony J Avery
- NIHR Greater Manchester Patient Safety Translational Research Centre (PSTRC), University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
- Centre for Academic Primary Care, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Sandra Flynn
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Centre for Mental Health and Safety, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Tom Hewson
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Centre for Mental Health and Safety, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Melanie Jordan
- School of Sociology & Social Policy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Richard Keers
- Centre for Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety, Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
- NIHR Greater Manchester Patient Safety Translational Research Centre (PSTRC), University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
- Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust (GMMH), Manchester, M25 3BL, UK
| | - Maria Panagioti
- NIHR Greater Manchester Patient Safety Translational Research Centre (PSTRC), University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
- Division of Population Health, Health Services Research & Primary Care, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9NT, UK
| | - Verity Wainwright
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Centre for Mental Health and Safety, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Florian Walter
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Centre for Mental Health and Safety, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Jenny Shaw
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Centre for Mental Health and Safety, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
- Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust (GMMH), Manchester, M25 3BL, UK
- Independent Advisory Panel on Deaths in Custody, London, SW1H 9AJ, UK
| | - Andrew Carson-Stevens
- PRIME Centre Wales, Division of Population Medicine, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4YU, UK
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Reid L. The Language of Incarceration and of Persons Subject to Incarceration. Public Health Ethics 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/phe/phac024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Reflecting on Smith (2021) in this issue, this commentary extends our consideration of issues in carceral health and questions the dehumanizing language we sometimes use—including in public health and public health ethics—to talk about persons held in incarceration. Even the language we use for the carceral system itself (such as ‘criminal justice system’) is fraught: it casts a laudatory light on the system and papers over its role in compounding racial health inequities and in sustaining colonialism. A host of issues call out for ethical analysis, using lenses that can encompass the tensions and contradictions experienced by people within the system who deliver healthcare and those within the system trying to access that care. Beyond access to health care (promotion, prevention, treatment and palliation), the societal commitment to dealing with social issues by depriving people of many key social determinants of health is at the heart of many of these tensions and contradictions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lynette Reid
- Department of Bioethics, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Woodall J, Freeman C, Warwick-Booth L. Health-promoting prisons in the female estate: an analysis of prison inspection data. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:1582. [PMID: 34418998 PMCID: PMC8380381 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11621-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Women in prison have comparatively greater health needs than men, often compounded by structures and policies within the prison system. The notion of a 'health-promoting' prison is a concept which has been put forward to address health inequalities and health deterioration in prisons. It has, however, not been fully discussed in relation to women in prison. The paper aims to distil the learning and evidence in relation to health promotion in female prisons using prison inspection reports of women's prisons in England and Wales. METHODS Prison inspection reports are one way of ascertaining the contemporary situation in prisons. Prison inspections are often unannounced and use a myriad of methods to draw conclusions around various aspects of prison life. Thirteen prison inspection reports were analysed thematically focusing on health promotion within the institutions. Two analysts conducted the work using NVivo 12. RESULTS Five core thematic areas were identified during the analysis of the reports. Saliently, a joined-up approach to health promotion was not a common feature in the prisons and indeed the focus tended to be on screening and 'lifestyle issues' rather than a concern for the underlying determinants of health. There was often an absence of a strategic approach to health promotion. There were some good examples of the democratic inclusion of women in prison in shaping services, but this was not widespread and often tokenistic. There were some examples of inequity and the inspection reports from a small number of institutions, illustrated that the health needs of some women remained unmet. CONCLUSIONS The paper suggests that there is potentially some work before conditions in women's prisons could be described as 'health-promoting', although there are some examples of individual prisons demonstrating good practice. The health promoting prison movement has, implicitly at least, focused on the needs of men in prison and this has been to the exclusion of the female prison population. This does lead to several challenges and the potential for exacerbating health challenges faced by an already marginalised and vulnerable group. Greater focus on the health promotion needs of women in prison is required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James Woodall
- School of Health and Community Studies, Leeds Metropolitan University, Leeds, England.
| | - Charlotte Freeman
- School of Health and Community Studies, Leeds Metropolitan University, Leeds, England
| | - Louise Warwick-Booth
- School of Health and Community Studies, Leeds Metropolitan University, Leeds, England
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tweed EJ, Gounari X, Graham L. Mental wellbeing among people in prison in Scotland: an analysis of repeat cross-sectional surveys. J Public Health (Oxf) 2021; 43:e188-e195. [PMID: 31583401 PMCID: PMC8185554 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdz106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mental wellbeing among people in prison is poorly studied, despite featuring in many health and justice policies. We aimed to describe for the first time mental wellbeing among an unselected national prison sample. METHODS Since 2013, the Scottish Prisoner Survey-a biennial survey of people in custody in Scotland-has included the Warwick-Edinburgh mental wellbeing scale (WEMWBS), a 14-item scale with higher scores indicating greater wellbeing. We analysed data from sweeps in 2013 (n = 3158), 2015 (n = 2892) and 2017 (n = 2405) using Student's t-test, ANOVA and multiple linear regression. We also used WEMWBS data from the Scottish Health Survey stratified by age, gender and deprivation to compare with the population at liberty. RESULTS Mean WEMWBS scores overall were 43.4 in 2013 (SD = 12.2), 41.8 (SD = 11.9) in 2015 and 41.2 (SD = 12.3) in 2017. Mean scores were lower among people on remand and with multiple prison episodes. Age-standardized mean scores were lower among people in prison than their peers at liberty. CONCLUSIONS Poor mental wellbeing is an important, under-studied facet of the extreme health inequalities associated with imprisonment. These results identify that people on remand or with multiple episodes are particularly disadvantaged and provide a baseline for monitoring impacts of service or policy interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily J Tweed
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G2 3AX, UK
| | - Xanthippi Gounari
- Information Services Division, NHS National Services Scotland, Edinburgh EH12 9EB, UK
| | - Lesley Graham
- Information Services Division, NHS National Services Scotland, Edinburgh EH12 9EB, UK
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Woodall J, Freeman C. Developing health and wellbeing in prisons: an analysis of prison inspection reports in Scotland. BMC Health Serv Res 2021; 21:314. [PMID: 33827565 PMCID: PMC8026093 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-021-06337-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Scottish Prison Service (SPS) has been long regarded for its progressive policy approach to health promotion in prison. It is one of the few countries with a strategic plan for health promotion implementation. Given the paucity of understanding in relation to the concept of a health promoting prison, this study assessed routinely collected prison inspection data to understand and distil learning in regard the practical implementation of health-promoting prisons. Methods Her Majesty’s Chief Inspector of Prisons for Scotland (HMIPS) oversees the independent inspection of all prisons. This desk-based study analysed openly accessible inspection reports from a public repository. The sample was limited to inspection reports using the 2018 revised Standards to ensure comparability between reports. Eight unique inspection reports meeting this criterion were downloaded between January and October 2020. The prisons had their inspections undertaken between May 2018 and January 2020. Data from the reports which focused on ‘health and wellbeing’ were inductively coded using NVivo 12 to support thematic analysis. Results Results are presented against the values and principles outlined in the SPS’ own framework for promoting health in prison. All of the institution reports contained evidence of fairness and justice in their prison and understandings of health inequalities were recognised by staff. There were also examples of mutual (peer) support between people in prison; good relationships between staff and prisoners; and strong health promotion leadership. Conversely, some environmental conditions hindered the development of health promotion – this included staffing shortages and some practices fostering health inequity. Even where a prison was reported as having health promotion activities in place these were focused on a narrow range of individual risk factors such as smoking cessation or substance misuse. Far less attention was paid to wider health determinants. Conclusions Scotland has been at the forefront of attempts to embed a health promoting prison philosophy in their justice system. Inspection data focusing on ‘health and wellbeing’ were analysed, but the analysis suggests that more could be done to ensure a health promoting setting. The way prisons inspectors are assessing health and wellbeing in particular areas is very narrow, with the focus exclusively on healthcare without a wider appreciation of how other areas of prison life can impact.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James Woodall
- School of Health and Community Studies, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK.
| | - Charlotte Freeman
- School of Health and Community Studies, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Woods D, Leavey G, Meek R, Breslin G. Developing mental health awareness and help seeking in prison: a feasibility study of the State of Mind Sport programme. Int J Prison Health 2020; 16:403-416. [DOI: 10.1108/ijph-10-2019-0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
The high prevalence of mental illness within the prison population necessitates innovative mental health awareness provision. This purpose of this feasibility study with 75 males (47 intervention; 28 control) was to evaluate State of Mind Sport (SOMS), originally developed as a community based mental health and well-being initiative, in a notoriously challenging prison setting.
Design/methodology/approach
A mixed 2 (group) × 2 (time) factorial design was adopted. Questionnaires tested for effects on knowledge of mental health, intentions to seek help, well-being and resilience. For each outcome measure, main and interaction effects (F) were determined by separate mixed factors analysis of variance. Two focus groups (N = 15) further explored feasibility and were subjected to general inductive analysis.
Findings
A significant group and time interaction effect were shown for mental health knowledge, F(1, 72) = 4.92, p = 0.03, ηp2 = 0.06, showing a greater post-programme improvement in mental health knowledge score for the intervention group. Focus group analysis revealed an increase in hope, coping efficacy and intentions to engage more openly with other prisoners regarding personal well-being as a result of the SOMS programme. However, fear of stigmatisation by other inmates and a general lack of trust in others remained as barriers to help-seeking.
Originality/value
The implications of this study, the first to evaluate a sport-based mental health intervention in prison, are that a short intervention with low costs can increase prisoner knowledge of mental health, intentions to engage in available well-being opportunities and increase a sense of hope, at least in the short term.
Collapse
|
10
|
Woodall J. Health promotion co-existing in a high-security prison context: a documentary analysis. Int J Prison Health 2020; 16:237-247. [PMID: 33634657 DOI: 10.1108/ijph-09-2019-0047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE There is interest in promoting health in prison from governmental levels, but, to date, understanding how best to do this is unclear. This paper argues that nuanced understanding of context is required to understand health promotion in prison. The purpose of the paper is to examine the potential for empowerment, a cornerstone of health promotion practice, in high-security prison establishments. DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH Independent prison inspections, conducted by Her Majesty's Inspectorate of Prisons for England and Wales, form a critical element in how prisons are assessed. Documentary analysis was undertaken on all eight high-security prison reports using framework analysis. FINDINGS Analysis revealed elements of prison life which were disempowering and antithetical to health promotion. While security imperatives were paramount, there were examples where this was disproportionate and disempowered individuals. The data show examples where, even in these high-security contexts, empowerment can be fostered. These were exemplified in relation to peer approaches designed to improve health and where prisoners felt part of democratic processes where they could influence change. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS Both in the UK and internationally, there is a growing rhetoric for delivering effective health promotion interventions in prison, but limited understanding about how to operationalise this. This paper gives insight into how this could be done in a high-security prison environment. ORIGINALITY/VALUE This is the first paper which looks at the potential for health promotion to be embedded in high-security prisons. It demonstrates features of prison life which act to disempower and also support individuals to take greater control over their health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James Woodall
- The School of Health and Community Studies, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
Globally, prisoners tend to come from marginalized and socially disadvantaged sections of the society and exhibit a high incidence of ill health, linked to social exclusion and multiple complex needs. Prisons therefore offer an important opportunity to tackle inequality and injustice, through promoting health, reducing reoffending and facilitating community reintegration.This paper reports on and critically discusses findings from an evaluative research study, which aimed to identify and explore impacts of prisoners’ participation in an innovative social and therapeutic horticultural programme, ‘Greener on the Outside for Prisons’ (GOOP), delivered in prisons in North West England. Focus groups with 16 prisoners and semi-structured interviews with six prison staff were conducted at five sites. Presented under three overarching themes (health and well-being; skills development, employability, and work preparedness; and relationships), findings suggest that engagement with and participation in GOOP were important in improving positive mental well-being, increasing physical activity and knowledge about healthier eating; developing skills and work readiness; and building relationships and catalysing and strengthening prosocial behaviours, important for good citizenship and effective resettlement. The paper concludes that – in the context of the current UK prison reform agenda and concern about the high incidence of violence, substance misuse, self-harm and suicide – prison-based horticulture can offer multiple benefits and make a significant contribution to the creation of safe, secure, supportive and health-enhancing environments. Furthermore, it contends that by joining up health and justice agendas, programmes such as GOOP have the potential to serve as powerful catalysts for wider systemic change, thereby helping tackle inequalities and social exclusion within societies across the globe.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Baybutt
- Healthy and Sustainable Settings Unit, School of Community Health and Midwifery, Faculty of Health and Wellbeing, University of Central Lancashire, Brook Building 328, Preston, UK
| | - Mark Dooris
- Healthy and Sustainable Settings Unit, School of Community Health and Midwifery, Faculty of Health and Wellbeing, University of Central Lancashire, Brook Building 328, Preston, UK
| | - Alan Farrier
- Healthy and Sustainable Settings Unit, School of Community Health and Midwifery, Faculty of Health and Wellbeing, University of Central Lancashire, Brook Building 328, Preston, UK
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Producing food in English and Welsh prisons. Appetite 2019; 143:104433. [PMID: 31472200 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2019.104433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Most prison food research focuses on aspects of consumption rather than production yet farming, horticulture and gardening have been integral to the prison system in England and Wales for more than 170 years. This paper explores the interplay between penological, therapeutic and food priorities over the last fifty years through an examination of historical prison policies and contemporary case studies associated with the Greener on the Outside for Prisons (GOOP) programme. Findings are discussed in relation to how joined-up policy and practice can impact positively on whole population health and wellbeing within and beyond the prison setting.
Collapse
|
13
|
Perrett SE, Gray BJ, G. L, E. D, Brooks NJ. Exploring health and wellbeing in prison: a peer research approach. Int J Prison Health 2019; 16:78-92. [DOI: 10.1108/ijph-03-2019-0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
Those in prison have expert knowledge of issues affecting their health and wellbeing. The purpose of this paper is to report on work undertaken with male prisoners. This paper presents learning and findings from the process of engaging imprisoned men as peer researchers.
Design/methodology/approach
The peer researcher approach offers an emic perspective to understand the experience of being in prison. The authors established the peer research role as an educational initiative at a long-stay prison in Wales, UK to determine the feasibility of engaging imprisoned men as peer researchers. Focus groups, interviews and questionnaires were used by the peer researchers to identify the health and wellbeing concerns of men in prison.
Findings
The project positively demonstrated the feasibility of engaging imprisoned men as peer researchers. Four recurring themes affecting health and wellbeing for men in a prison vulnerable persons unit were identified: communication, safety, respect and emotional needs. Themes were inextricably linked demonstrating the complex relationships between prison and health.
Originality/value
This was the first prison peer-research project to take place in Wales, UK. It demonstrates the value men in prison can play in developing the evidence base around health and wellbeing in prison, contributing to changes within the prison to improve health and wellbeing for all.
Collapse
|
14
|
Ismail N. Contextualising the pervasive impact of macroeconomic austerity on prison health in England: a qualitative study among international policymakers. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:1043. [PMID: 31383010 PMCID: PMC6683431 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-7396-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prisons offer the state the opportunity to gain access to a population that is at particularly high risk of ill-health. Despite the supportive legal and policy structures surrounding prison rehabilitation, the oppressive nature of the austerity policy in England threatens its advanced improvement. METHODS Using grounded theory methodology, this is the first interdisciplinary qualitative study to explore the impact of macroeconomic austerity on prison health in England from the perspective of 29 international prison policymakers. RESULTS The far-reaching impact of austerity in England has established a regressive political system that shapes the societal attitude towards social issues, which has exacerbated the existing poor health of the prisoners. Austerity has undermined the notion of social collectivism, imposed a culture of acceptance among prison bureaucrats and the wider community, and normalised the devastating impacts of prison instability. These developments are evidenced by the increasing levels of suicide, violence, radicalisation and prison gangs among prisoners, as well as the imposition of long working hours and the high levels of absenteeism among prison staff. CONCLUSIONS This study underscores an important and yet unarticulated phenomenon that despite being the fifth largest economy in the world, England's poorest, marginalised and excluded population continues to bear the brunt of austerity. Reducing the prison population, using international obligations as minimum standards to protect prisoners' right to health and providing greater resources would create a more positive and inclusive system, in line with England's international and domestic commitments to the humane treatment of all people.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nasrul Ismail
- Centre for Public Health & Wellbeing, University of the West of England (UWE Bristol), Frenchay Campus, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol, BS16 1QY, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Woodall J, Freeman C. Promoting health and well-being in prisons: an analysis of one year’s prison inspection reports. CRITICAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/09581596.2019.1612516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James Woodall
- School of Health and Community Studies, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
| | - Charlotte Freeman
- School of Health and Community Studies, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ismail N, de Viggiani N. Should we use a direct regulation to implement the Healthy Prisons Agenda in England? A qualitative study among prison key policy makers. J Public Health (Oxf) 2018; 40:598-605. [PMID: 28977435 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdx116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Healthy Prisons Agenda seeks to reduce prisoners' health risks, balance prisoners' rights with a security regime, ensure equivalent prison health service provisions to community health services, and facilitate the whole-prison approach. There is an established assumption that legislation will ensure better implementation of health promotion programmes. This study aimed to examine whether a legislative framework, via a direct regulation, could lead to enhanced implementation of the Healthy Prisons Agenda in England. Methods A qualitative study design was conducted using semi-structured interviews with 30 key prison policy makers in England. Findings Our findings contradict the established assumption that legislation improves the implementation of health promotion programmes. A direct regulation was perceived as restrictive, manifesting excessive compliance and encouraging a risk-averse culture, whilst preoccupation with security, order and discipline amongst prison governors and custody staff was deemed an internal institutional barrier to implementing the Healthy Prisons Agenda. External barriers included diminishing resources, lengthier or delayed sentencing, and an unsympathetic public and political stance towards prisoner rehabilitation. Conclusions A direct regulation should not be used to operationalize the Healthy Prisons Agenda. Rather, self-regulation, along with proactive solutions for the identified barriers to implementing the Agenda, is the most appropriate path forward.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Ismail
- Department of Health and Social Sciences, University of the West of England (UWE Bristol), Coldharbour Lane, Frenchay Campus, Stoke Gifford, Bristol, UK.,University of Bristol, School of Law, Wills Memorial Building, Queens Road, Clifton, Bristol, UK.,South Gloucestershire Council, Department for Children, Adults and Health, Public Health & Wellbeing Division, Bristol, UK
| | - N de Viggiani
- Department of Health and Social Sciences, University of the West of England (UWE Bristol), Coldharbour Lane, Frenchay Campus, Stoke Gifford, Bristol, UK
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Jolluskin García G, Lopes Silva IM, De Castro-Rodrigues A. Alfabetización en salud en contexto penitenciario: Programa de Educación por pares. REVISTA DE ESTUDIOS E INVESTIGACIÓN EN PSICOLOGÍA Y EDUCACIÓN 2017. [DOI: 10.17979/reipe.2017.0.14.2481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
El presente trabajo describe la planificación de un programa de educación para la salud en contexto penitenciario, utilizó una metodología comunitaria y de educación por pares. El programa tenía como objetivo aumentar el bien estar físico y emocional de los internos y dotarlos de estrategias para poder enfrentar los retos de la reclusión. Identificamos las necesidades de intervención a través de entrevistas a informadores clave y a los internos. Posteriormente, diseñamos e implementamos la intervención, desarrollando ocho sesiones que evaluamos con un cuestionario. Fueron elaborados carteles divulgativos de mensajes de salud para transferir conocimientos a los restantes internos.
Collapse
|
18
|
Woodall J, Tattersfield A. Perspectives on implementing smoke-free prison policies in England and Wales. Health Promot Int 2017; 33:1066-1073. [DOI: 10.1093/heapro/dax031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- James Woodall
- Reader in Health Promotion, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Woodall J. Why Has the Health-Promoting Prison Concept Failed to Translate to the United States? Am J Health Promot 2016; 32:858-860. [PMID: 27687616 DOI: 10.1177/0890117116670426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Two decades since the World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe published a report on health promotion in prison that stimulated further debate on the concept of the "health-promoting prison," this article discusses the extent to which the concept has translated to the United States. One predicted indicator of success for the health-promoting prison movement was the expansion of activity beyond European borders; yet 2 decades since the European model was put forward, there has been very limited activity in the United States. This "Critical Issues and Trends" article suggests reasons why this translation has failed to occur.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James Woodall
- 1 Centre for Health Promotion Research, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|