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Application of Aspergillus niger in Practical Biotechnology of Industrial Recovery of Potato Starch By-Products and Its Flocculation Characteristics. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10091847. [PMID: 36144450 PMCID: PMC9505473 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10091847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study developed a practical recovery for potato starch by-products by A. niger and applied it on a plant scale to completely solve the pollution problems. Soughing to evaluate the effect of A. niger applied towards the production of by-products recycling and analyze the composition and characteristics of flocculating substances (FS) by A. niger and advance a possible flocculation mechanism for by-product conversion. After fermentation, the chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal rate, and the conversion rates of cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin, and proteins were 58.85%, 40.19%, 53.29%, 50.14%, and 37.09%, respectively. FS was predominantly composed of proteins (45.55%, w/w) and polysaccharides (28.07%, w/w), with two molecular weight distributions of 7.3792 × 106 Da and 1.7741 × 106 Da and temperature sensitivity. Flocculation was mainly through bridging and ionic bonding, furthermore, sweeping effects may occur during sediment. Flocculation was related to by-products conversion. However, due to severe pollution problems and resource waste, and deficiencies of existing recovery technologies, converting potato starch by-products via A. niger liquid fermentation merits significant consideration.
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Xia M, Zhou H, Amanze C, Hu L, Shen L, Yu R, Liu Y, Chen M, Li J, Wu X, Qiu G, Zeng W. A novel polysaccharides-based bioflocculant produced by Bacillus subtilis ZHX3 and its application in the treatment of multiple pollutants. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 289:133185. [PMID: 34883128 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A high bioflocculant-producing bacterial strain was identified and named Bacillus subtilis ZHX3. Single-factor experiments suggested that 10 g/L starch and 5 g/L yeast extract were optimal for strain ZHX3 to produce bioflocculant MBF-ZHX3. The maximum flocculating rate reached 95.5%, and 3.14 g/L product was extracted after 3 days of cultivation. MBF-ZHX3 was mainly composed of polysaccharides (77.2%) and protein (14.8%). The polysaccharides contained 28.9% uronic acid and 3.7% amino sugar. Rhamnose, arabinose, galactose, glucose, mannose, and galacturonic acid in a molar ratio of 0.35:1.83:3.09:12.66:0.46:3.81 were detected. MBF-ZHX3 had a molecular weight of 10,028 Da and contained abundant groups (-OH, CO, >PO, C-O-C) contributing to flocculation. Adsorption and bridging was considered as the main flocculation mechanism. MBF-ZHX3 was more effective in decolorizing dyes, removing heavy metals and flotation reagents compared to polyacrylamide. The results implied that MBF-ZHX3 has the potential to substitute polyacrylamide in wastewater treatment because of its excellent biological and environmental benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingchen Xia
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Han Zhou
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Charles Amanze
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Lan Hu
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Li Shen
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China; Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Runlan Yu
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China; Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Yuandong Liu
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China; Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Miao Chen
- CSIRO Process Science and Engineering, Clayton, Victoria, 3168, Australia; Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry, RMIT University, Melbourne, 3000, Australia
| | - Jiaokun Li
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China; Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Xueling Wu
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China; Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Guanzhou Qiu
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China; Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Weimin Zeng
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China; Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410083, China; CSIRO Process Science and Engineering, Clayton, Victoria, 3168, Australia.
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Araújo D, Concórdio-Reis P, Marques AC, Sevrin C, Grandfils C, Alves VD, Fortunato E, Reis MAM, Freitas F. Demonstration of the ability of the bacterial polysaccharide FucoPol to flocculate kaolin suspensions. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2020; 41:287-295. [PMID: 29974822 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2018.1497710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the flocculation properties of FucoPol, a bacterial extracellular polysaccharide, were investigated. FucoPol is a high molecular weight polymer and negatively charged due to the presence of glucuronic acid and the acyl groups succinyl and pyruvyl. High flocculation rate values (>70%) were achieved with a low bioflocculant dosage of 1 mg/L, for pH values in the range 3-5 and temperature within 15-20°C. The bioflocculant was also shown to be stable after freezing/thawing and heating up to 100°C. Given the polymer's anionic character, the size of flocs formed and their surface profile, bridging seems to be the main flocculation mechanism of FucoPol. This study demonstrated that FucoPol is a promising natural, biodegradable and biocompatible alternative to the currently used synthetic or inorganic hazardous products, with potential to be used as a novel flocculation agent in several applications, such as water treatment, food or mining. Further studies will involve evaluating the reduction of cation dosage on flocculation efficiency, as well as testing the applicability of FucoPol to flocculate different types of suspended solids, such as, for example, activated carbons, soil solids or yeast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Araújo
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Concórdio-Reis
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Ana C Marques
- i3N/CENIMAT, Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa and CEMOP/UNINOVA, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Chantal Sevrin
- Interfaculty Research Centre of Biomaterials (CEIB), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Christian Grandfils
- Interfaculty Research Centre of Biomaterials (CEIB), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Vítor D Alves
- LEAF - Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Elvira Fortunato
- i3N/CENIMAT, Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa and CEMOP/UNINOVA, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Maria A M Reis
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Filomena Freitas
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
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Zhang D, Ye Q, Zhang F, Shao X, Fan Y, Zhu X, Li Y, Yao L, Tian Y, Zheng T, Xu H. Flocculating properties and potential of Halobacillus sp. strain H9 for the mitigation of Microcystis aeruginosa blooms. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 218:138-146. [PMID: 30471494 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.11.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Microcystis aeruginosa can cause harmful algal blooms in freshwaters worldwide. It has already seriously affected human lives and prevented the use of water resources. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop ecofriendly and effective methods to control and eliminate M. aeruginosa in aquatic environments. In this study, Halobacillus sp. strain H9, a bacterium that showed high M. aeruginosa flocculation activity, was isolated and selected to assess its potential for the removal of M. aeruginosa. The analyses of flocculation activity and mode indicated that the strain H9 induced M. aeruginosa flocculation by secreting active flocculating substance rather than by directly contacting algal cells. A 5% concentration of the H9 supernatant could efficiently flocculate M. aeruginosa cells with a density of up to 5 × 107 cells/mL. Dramatic increases in the zeta potential indicated that charge neutralization could be the mechanism of the flocculation process. The strain H9 flocculated M. aeruginosa with no damage to the algal cell membrane, and did not result in microcystin being released into the surrounding environment. The flocculated algal culture was less toxic to zebrafish larvae, suggesting an environmentally friendly benefit of the H9 supernatant. In addition to M. aeruginosa, the H9 strain was also able to flocculate two other species causing harmful algal blooms, Phaeocystis globose and Heterosigma akashiwo. Furthermore, the flocculation activity of the H9 supernatant was stable at different temperatures and over a wide pH range. These characteristics give the H9 strain great potential for mitigating the influences of harmful algal blooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, PR China
| | - Qian Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, PR China
| | - Fuxing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, PR China
| | - Xueping Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, PR China
| | - Yongxiang Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, PR China
| | - Xiaoying Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, PR China
| | - Yinan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, PR China
| | - Luming Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, PR China
| | - Yun Tian
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, and School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, PR China
| | - Tianling Zheng
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, and School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, PR China
| | - Hong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, PR China; Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, and School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, PR China.
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Abu Tawila ZM, Ismail S, Dadrasnia A, Usman MM. Production and Characterization of a Bioflocculant Produced by Bacillus salmalaya 139SI-7 and Its Applications in Wastewater Treatment. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23102689. [PMID: 30340415 PMCID: PMC6222882 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23102689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The production, optimization, and characterization of the bioflocculant QZ-7 synthesized by a novel Bacillus salmalaya strain 139SI isolated from a private farm soil in Selangor, Malaysia, are reported. The flocculating activity of bioflocculant QZ-7 present in the selected strain was found to be 83.3%. The optimal culture for flocculant production was achieved after cultivation at 35.5 °C for 72 h at pH 7 ± 0.2, with an inoculum size of 5% (v/v) and sucrose and yeast extract as carbon and nitrogen sources. The maximum flocculating activity was found to be 92.6%. Chemical analysis revealed that the pure bioflocculant consisted of 79.08% carbohydrates and 15.4% proteins. The average molecular weight of the bioflocculant was calculated to be 5.13 × 10⁵ Da. Infrared spectrometric analysis showed the presence of carboxyl (COO-), hydroxyl (-OH), and amino (-NH₂) groups, polysaccharides and proteins. The bioflocculant QZ-7 exhibited a wide pH stability range from 4 to 7, with a flocculation activity of 85% at pH 7 ± 0.2. In addition, QZ-7 was thermally stable and retained more than 80% of its flocculating activity after being heated at 80 °C for 30 min. SEM analysis revealed that QZ-7 exhibited a clear crystalline brick-shaped structure. After treating wastewater, the bioflocculant QZ-7 showed significant flocculation performance with a COD removal efficiency of 93%, whereas a BOD removal efficiency of 92.4% was observed in the B. salmalaya strain 139SI. These values indicate the promising applications of the bioflocculant QZ-7 in wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zayed M Abu Tawila
- Institute of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Gaza, Palestine.
| | - Salmah Ismail
- Institute of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
| | - Arezoo Dadrasnia
- Institute of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
| | - Mohammed Maikudi Usman
- Institute of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
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Xia X, Liang Y, Lan S, Li X, Xie Y, Yuan W. Production and flocculating properties of a compound biopolymer flocculant from corn ethanol wastewater. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 247:924-929. [PMID: 30060431 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A compound biopolymer flocculant (CBF) produced using corn ethanol wastewater as substrate was investigated. After optimization of culture conditions, 3.08 g/L of purified CBF was extracted from the culture broth following 48 h of cultivation. The CBF macromolecule is mainly composed of protein (15.9%) and polysaccharide (81.8%). The polysaccharide component includes neutral sugars (28.92%), amino sugars (4.04%) and uronic acid (11.69%), with the neutral sugars being glucose, mannose, and lactose at a molar ratio of 4.1:1.5:1.9. CBF is pH tolerant from 3.0 to 12.0 and thermal tolerant from 20 to 100 °C, allowing for its application over a wide range of conditions. Furthermore, the Langmuir model better describes CBF adsorption on kaolin clay, as compared to the Freundlich model. Charge neutralization and bridging mechanisms are the primary flocculation mechanisms. In addition, CBF shows a high methylene blue removal efficiency. These results indicate that this compound biopolymer flocculant has great potential in dye wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Xia
- Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 610041 Chengdu, PR China; Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 610041 Chengdu, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, PR China
| | - Yajie Liang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 610041 Chengdu, PR China; Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 610041 Chengdu, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, PR China
| | - Shuhuan Lan
- Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 610041 Chengdu, PR China; Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 610041 Chengdu, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, PR China
| | - Xudong Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 610041 Chengdu, PR China; Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 610041 Chengdu, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, PR China
| | - Yifei Xie
- Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 610041 Chengdu, PR China; Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 610041 Chengdu, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, PR China.
| | - Wei Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 610041 Chengdu, PR China; Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 610041 Chengdu, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, PR China
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Guo J, Chen C. Removal of arsenite by a microbial bioflocculant produced from swine wastewater. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 181:759-766. [PMID: 28478236 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.04.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This paper focused on the production and characteristics of a bioflocculant by using swine wastewater and its application in removing arsenite from aqueous solution. A series of experimental parameters including bioflocculant dose, calcium ions concentration, and solution pH value on arsenite uptake were evaluated. Results have demonstrated that a bioflocculant of 3.11 g L-1 was achieved as the maximum yield after 60 h fermentation, with a main backbone of polysaccharides. Maximum arsenite removal efficiency of 99.2% can be reached by adding bioflocculant in two stages: 3 × 10-3% (w/w) in the 1.0 min's rapid mixing (180 rpm) and 2 × 10-3% (w/w) after 2.0 min's slow mixing (80 rpm) with pH value fixed at 7. Negative Gibbs free energy change (ΔGo) indicated the spontaneous nature of arsenite removal. Arsenite was removed by the bioflocculant through bridging mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyuan Guo
- College of Resources and Environment, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610225, China.
| | - Cheng Chen
- College of Resources and Environment, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610225, China
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8
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Classical Optimization of Cellulase and Xylanase Production by a Marine Streptomyces Species. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/app6100286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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9
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Zhao H, Zhong C, Chen H, Yao J, Tan L, Zhang Y, Zhou J. Production of bioflocculants prepared from formaldehyde wastewater for the potential removal of arsenic. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2016; 172:71-76. [PMID: 26921567 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Revised: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A novel bioflocculant (MBF-79) prepared using formaldehyde wastewater as carbon resource was investigated in the study. The optimal conditions for bioflocculant production were determined to be an inoculum size of 7.0%, initial pH of 6.0, and formaldehyde concentration of 350 mg/L. An MBF-79 of 8.97 g/L was achieved as the maximum yield. Three main elements, namely C, H, and O, were present in MBF-79 with relative weigh percentages of 39.17%, 6.74%, and 34.55%, respectively. The Gel permeation chromatography analysis indicated that the approximate molecular weight (MW) of MBF-79 was 230 kDa. MBF-79 primarily comprised polysaccharide (71.2%) and protein (27.9%). Additionally, conditions for the removal of arsenic by MBF-79 were found to be MBF-79 at 120 mg/L, an initial pH 7.0, and a contact time 60 min. Under the optimal conditions, the removal efficiencies of arsenate (0.5 mg/L) and arsenite (0.5 mg/L) were 98.9% and 84.6%, respectively. Overall, these findings indicate bioflocculation offers an effective alternative method of decreasing arsenic during water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijuan Zhao
- School of Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430073, China; School of Mathematics and Economics, Hubei University of Education, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Chunying Zhong
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Purification and Application of Plant Anti-cancer Active Ingredients, Chemistry and Biology Science College, Hubei University of Education, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Honggao Chen
- School of Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430073, China
| | - Jie Yao
- School of Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430073, China
| | - Liqing Tan
- School of Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430073, China
| | - Youlang Zhang
- Department of Political Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, 77843, USA
| | - Jiangang Zhou
- School of Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430073, China.
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Okaiyeto K, Nwodo UU, Okoli SA, Mabinya LV, Okoh AI. Implications for public health demands alternatives to inorganic and synthetic flocculants: bioflocculants as important candidates. Microbiologyopen 2016; 5:177-211. [PMID: 26914994 PMCID: PMC4831466 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemical flocculants are generally used in drinking water and wastewater treatment due to their efficacy and cost effectiveness. However, the question of their toxicity to human health and environmental pollution has been a major concern. In this article, we review the application of some chemical flocculants utilized in water treatment, and bioflocculants as a potential alternative to these chemical flocculants. To the best of our knowledge, there is no report in the literature that provides an up‐to‐date review of the relevant literature on both chemical flocculants and bioflocculants in one paper. As a result, this review paper comprehensively discussed the various chemical flocculants used in water treatment, including their advantages and disadvantages. It also gave insights into bioflocculants production, challenges, various factors influencing their flocculating efficiency and their industrial applications, as well as future research directions including improvement of bioflocculants yields and flocculating activity, and production of cation‐independent bioflocculants. The molecular biology and synthesis of bioflocculants are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunle Okaiyeto
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice, 5700, South Africa.,Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Alice, 5700, South Africa
| | - Uchechukwu U Nwodo
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice, 5700, South Africa.,Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Alice, 5700, South Africa
| | - Stanley A Okoli
- GenØK - Centre for Biosafety, Science Park, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, 9291, Norway
| | - Leonard V Mabinya
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice, 5700, South Africa.,Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Alice, 5700, South Africa
| | - Anthony I Okoh
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice, 5700, South Africa.,Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Alice, 5700, South Africa
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Okaiyeto K, Nwodo UU, Mabinya LV, Okoli AS, Okoh AI. Evaluation of flocculating performance of a thermostable bioflocculant produced by marine Bacillus sp. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2016; 37:1829-1842. [PMID: 26797258 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2015.1133717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study assessed the bioflocculant (named MBF-W7) production potential of a bacterial isolate obtained from Algoa Bay, Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. The 16S ribosomal deoxyribonucleic acids gene sequence analysis showed 98% sequence similarity to Bacillus licheniformis strain W7. Optimum culture conditions for MBF-W7 production include 5% (v/v) inoculum size, maltose and NH4NO3 as carbon and nitrogen sources of choice, medium pH of 6 as the initial pH of the growth medium. Under these optimal conditions, maximum flocculating activity of 94.9% was attained after 72 h of cultivation. Chemical composition analyses showed that the purified MBF-W7 was a glycoprotein which was predominantly composed of polysaccharides 73.7% (w/w) and protein 6.2% (w/w). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy revealed the presence of hydroxyl, carboxyl and amino groups as the main functional groups identified in the bioflocculant molecules. Thermogravimetric analyses showed the thermal decomposition profile of MBF-W7. Scanning electron microscopy imaging revealed that bridging played an important role in flocculation. MBF-W7 exhibited excellent flocculating activity for kaolin clay suspension at 0.2 mg/ml over a wide pH range of 3-11; with the maximal flocculation rate of 85.8% observed at pH 3 in the presence of Mn(2+). It maintained and retained high flocculating activity of over 70% after heating at 100°C for 60 min. MBF-W7 showed good turbidity removal potential (86.9%) and chemical oxygen demand reduction efficiency (75.3%) in Tyume River. The high flocculating rate of MBF-W7 makes it an attractive candidate to replace chemical flocculants utilized in water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunle Okaiyeto
- a South Africa Medical Research Council (SAMRC), Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre , University of Fort Hare , Alice , South Africa
- b Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology , University of Fort Hare , Alice , South Africa
| | - Uchechukwu U Nwodo
- a South Africa Medical Research Council (SAMRC), Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre , University of Fort Hare , Alice , South Africa
- b Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology , University of Fort Hare , Alice , South Africa
| | - Leonard V Mabinya
- a South Africa Medical Research Council (SAMRC), Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre , University of Fort Hare , Alice , South Africa
- b Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology , University of Fort Hare , Alice , South Africa
| | - Arinze S Okoli
- c GenØK Centre for Biosafety , Forskningsparken i Breivika , Tromsø , Norway
| | - Anthony I Okoh
- a South Africa Medical Research Council (SAMRC), Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre , University of Fort Hare , Alice , South Africa
- b Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology , University of Fort Hare , Alice , South Africa
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12
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Cao G, Zhang Y, Chen L, Liu J, Mao K, Li K, Zhou J. Production of a bioflocculant from methanol wastewater and its application in arsenite removal. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 141:274-81. [PMID: 26291913 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Revised: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
A novel bioflocculant (MBF83) prepared using methanol wastewater as nutrient resource was systematically investigated in the study. The optimal conditions for bioflocculant production were determined to be an inoculum size of 8.6%, initial pH of 7.5, and a methanol concentration of 100.8mgL(-1). An MBF83 of 4.61gL(-1) was achieved as the maximum yield. MBF83 primarily comprised polysaccharide (74.1%) and protein (24.2%). The biopolymer, which was found to be safe in zebrafish in toxicity studies, was characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and elemental analysis. Additionally, conditions for the removal of arsenite by MBF83 were found to be MBF83 at 500mgL(-1), an initial pH of 7.0, and a contact time of 90min. Under the optimal conditions, the removal efficiency of arsenite was 86.1%. Overall, these findings indicate bioflocculation offers an effective alternative method of decreasing arsenite during wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Cao
- School of Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430073, China
| | - Yanbo Zhang
- School of Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430073, China; School of Chemical Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430073, China
| | - Li Chen
- Central China Normal University Library, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Jie Liu
- School of Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430073, China
| | - Kewei Mao
- School of Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430073, China
| | - Kangju Li
- School of Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430073, China
| | - Jiangang Zhou
- School of Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430073, China.
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13
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Salehizadeh H, Yan N. Recent advances in extracellular biopolymer flocculants. Biotechnol Adv 2014; 32:1506-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2014.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Revised: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Zhong C, Xu A, Chen L, Yang X, Yang B, Hong W, Mao K, Wang B, Zhou J. Production of a bioflocculant from chromotropic acid waste water and its application in steroid estrogen removal. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2014; 122:729-737. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2014.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Revised: 08/03/2014] [Accepted: 08/10/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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15
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More T, Mahmoudi A, Yan S, Tyagi RD. Extracellular polymeric substances production kinetics of 13 sludge isolates using wastewater sludge as raw material and its flocculation potential. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2014; 36:3022-3035. [PMID: 25196662 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2014.952344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The kinetics of batch fermentation of 13 extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) producing bacterial strains (9 Bacillus, 2 Serratia and 2 Yersinia) were carried out using sterilized sludge as a raw material. The most of Bacillus (µ(max): 0.11-0.27 h⁻¹), Serratia (µ(max): 0.23-0.27 h⁻¹) and Yersinia (µ(max): 0.18-0.19 h⁻¹) strains had capability to grow and produce EPS (1.36-2.12 g/L) in the sterilized sludge. In general, EPS production was mixed growth associated for all the bacterial strains cultivated independently. Bacillus sp. 7, Serratia sp. 2 and Yersinia sp. 2 produced higher concentration (1.95-2.12 g/L) of EPS than the other remaining bacterial strains. Protein and carbohydrate contents of EPS remained constant during fermentation. Broth EPS (B-EPS) exhibited high kaolin flocculation activity (≥ 75%) in most of the cases except Bacillus sp. 1, Bacillus sp. 5 and Bacillus sp. 9, respectively. In general, high flocculation activities (FAs) (≥ 75%), were attained using 1.31-1.70 mg B-EPS/g kaolin, 0.45-0.97 mg protein/g kaolin and 0.11-0.21 mg carbohydrates/g kaolin. The study suggests that further systematic exploration is required for optimizing the process of EPS production. EPS produced in the sludge can potentially be used for different water and wastewater treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanaji More
- a Université du Québec, Institut national de la recherche scientifique, Centre Eau, Terre et Environnement , 490 de la Couronne, Québec ( QC ), Canada G1 K 9A9
| | - Amine Mahmoudi
- a Université du Québec, Institut national de la recherche scientifique, Centre Eau, Terre et Environnement , 490 de la Couronne, Québec ( QC ), Canada G1 K 9A9
| | - Song Yan
- a Université du Québec, Institut national de la recherche scientifique, Centre Eau, Terre et Environnement , 490 de la Couronne, Québec ( QC ), Canada G1 K 9A9
| | - Rajeshwar Dayal Tyagi
- a Université du Québec, Institut national de la recherche scientifique, Centre Eau, Terre et Environnement , 490 de la Couronne, Québec ( QC ), Canada G1 K 9A9
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Zhong C, Xu A, Wang B, Yang X, Hong W, Yang B, Chen C, Liu H, Zhou J. Production of a value added compound from the H-acid waste water-Bioflocculants by Klebsiella pneumoniae. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2014; 122:583-590. [PMID: 25127749 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2014.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Revised: 07/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A novel strain (designated as ZCY-7) which could convert H-acid into bioflocculants was isolated from H-acid wastewater sludge. Conditions for bioflocculants production were optimized by response surface methodology (RSM) and determined to be inoculum size 9.65%, initial pH 7.0, and CODCr of the H-acid wastewater 520mg/L. The highest flocculating efficiency achieved for kaolin suspension was 95.1%, after 60h cultivation. The yielded bioflocculant was mainly composed of polysaccharide (82.4%) and protein (14.2%), and maintained its flocculating activity in 0.4% (w/w) kaolin suspensions over pH 2-8 and 20-80°C. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra showed that amino, amide and hydroxyl groups were present in the bioflocculant molecules. A viable alternative treatment technology of H-acid wastewater using this novel strain is suggested, which could largely reduce bioflocculants costs. In addition, flocculating mechanism investigation reveals that the bioflocculant could cause kaolin suspension instability by means of charge neutralization firstly and then promoted the aggregation of suspension particles by adsorption and bridge. It is evident from the results that H-acid wastewater could be used as a source to manufacture bioflocculants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunying Zhong
- School of Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430073, China; School of Chemistry and Life Science, Hubei University of Education, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Aihua Xu
- School of Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430073, China
| | - Buyun Wang
- School of Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430073, China
| | - Xianghui Yang
- School of Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430073, China
| | - Wentao Hong
- School of Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430073, China
| | - Baokun Yang
- School of Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430073, China
| | - Changhong Chen
- School of Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430073, China
| | - Hongtao Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430073, China
| | - Jiangang Zhou
- School of Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430073, China.
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Baya DT, Effebi KR, Tangou TT, Keffala C, Vasel JL. Effect of hydroxyapatite, octacalcium phosphate and calcium phosphate on the auto-flocculation of the microalgae in a high-rate algal pond. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2013; 34:2407-2414. [PMID: 24350497 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2013.770563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Recovering microalgae is one of the main technological and economic concerns in a high-rate algal pond (HRAP) because of their small size and their low density. This paper emphasizes the characterization (identification and assessment of potential flocculation) of chemical compounds involved in microalgae auto-flocculation in a HRAP. First, thermodynamic simulations were performed, using two models (i.e. Visual Minteq and a simplified thermodynamic model) in order to determine the chemical compounds of interest. Experimental tests were then carried out with these compounds for assessing their flocculation ability. Both models revealed that precipitates of calcium phosphates and their substituted forms were the compounds involved in the auto-flocculation. Moreover, experimental tests showed that the stoichiometric neutralization of algal charges by calcium phosphates (i.e. hydroxyapatite (Ca5(PO4)3OH), octacalcium phosphate (Ca4H(PO4)3) and amorphous calcium phosphate (Ca3(PO4)2)), at a pH within the range 7-10 yields 70-82% recovered algal biomass. The optimum ratio required for algae auto-flocculation was 0.33 Ca5(PO4)3OH/g DM(algae) at pH 10, 0.11 Ca4H(PO4)3/g DM(algae) at pH 7 and 0.23 g Ca3(PO4)2/g DM(algae) at pH 9. Auto-flocculation appears as a simple, sustainable and promising method for efficient harvesting of microalgae in a HRAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- D T Baya
- Département des Sciences et Gestion de l'Environnement, Université de Liège, Arlon, Belgium.
| | - K R Effebi
- Unité de Formation et de Recherche des Sciences et Gestion de l'Environnement, Université Nagui-Abrogoua, Abidjan, Republic of Côte d'Ivoire
| | - T T Tangou
- Département des Sciences et Gestion de l'Environnement, Université de Liège, Arlon, Belgium
| | - C Keffala
- Centre de recherche et des technologies des eaux, Technopôle de Borj Cedria, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - J L Vasel
- Département des Sciences et Gestion de l'Environnement, Université de Liège, Arlon, Belgium
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