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Ryu HD, Han H, Park TJ, Park JH, Kim YS. New findings on the occurrence, removal, and risk assessment of nonylphenol and octylphenol in industrial wastewater treatment plants in Korea. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 461:132615. [PMID: 37757560 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Nonylphenol (NP) and octylphenol (OP), extensively used in industries, can disrupt the human endocrine system and cause significant ecological toxicity. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to reveal the occurrence and removal characteristics of NP and OP in 30 industrial wastewater treatment plants (IWWTPs). Specifically, this study focused on 13 NP isomers that have not been previously reported. Additionally, the potential environmental risk of NP and OP discharged from IWWTPs was assessed using a minimum dilution factor (MDF), proposed for the first time in this study. We showed that the concentration and proportion of the isomer NP11 were higher than those of the other isomers in the IWWTP influents and effluents. We also identified an activated sludge-activated carbon adsorption process suitable for removing NP and OP. Finally, we proposed the MDF value of 11 for the potential environmental risk assessment of NP and OP, revealing that OP poses a higher risk than NP when discharged into surface water. These findings underscore the importance of focusing on the isomer NP11 and OP in IWWTPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Duck Ryu
- Water Environment Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, Hwangyoung-ro 42, Seo-gu, Incheon 22689, the Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyeyeol Han
- Water Environment Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, Hwangyoung-ro 42, Seo-gu, Incheon 22689, the Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Jin Park
- Water Environment Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, Hwangyoung-ro 42, Seo-gu, Incheon 22689, the Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hyoung Park
- Water Environment Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, Hwangyoung-ro 42, Seo-gu, Incheon 22689, the Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Seok Kim
- Water Environment Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, Hwangyoung-ro 42, Seo-gu, Incheon 22689, the Republic of Korea
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Wang Y, Shan J, Zhao Y, Li F, Corvini PFX, Ji R. Degradation and transformation of nitrated nonylphenol isomers in activated sludge under nitrifying and heterotrophic conditions. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 393:122438. [PMID: 32151935 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nitrated nonylphenols (2-nitro-nonylphenols, NNPs) are metabolites of the endocrine-disrupter nonylphenols (NPs). While they have been detected in the environment, their fate in activated sludge has yet to be determined. In this study, we used synthesized NNP isomers and a 14C-tracer technique to study the degradation and transformation of four NNP isomers (NNP111, NNP112, NNP38, and NNP65) in nitrifying activated sludge (NAS) and heterotrophic bacteria-enhanced activated sludge (HAS). Our results showed that the degradation of NNPs in both NAS and HAS was isomer-specific. The half-lives of the NNPs decreased in the order: NNP111 > NNP112 > NNP38 > NNP65. After 36 days of incubation, 9.48 % and 4.01 % of the 14C-NNP111 was mineralized in NAS and HAS, respectively. In addition to mineralization, five metabolites of NNPs containing hydroxyl, carbonyl, and carboxyl substituents on the alkyl chains were formed in NAS but not in HAS. The transformation of NNPs differed in NAS and HAS, mainly due to the differences in their microbial communities and the activities thereof in NAS and HAS. This is the first study of the isomer-specific fate of NNP isomers in activated sludge. Future studies should assess the toxicity, stability and potential risks of NNP metabolites in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, 210023, Nanjing, China; Quanzhou Institute for Environment Protection Industry, Nanjing University, Beifeng Road, 362000, Quanzhou, China
| | - Jun Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210008, Nanjing, China; Changshu National Agro-Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210008, Nanjing, China.
| | - Yingying Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, 210023, Nanjing, China
| | - Fangjie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, 210023, Nanjing, China
| | - Philippe F-X Corvini
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, 210023, Nanjing, China; Institute for Ecopreneurship, School of Life Sciences, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, 4132, Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - Rong Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, 210023, Nanjing, China; Quanzhou Institute for Environment Protection Industry, Nanjing University, Beifeng Road, 362000, Quanzhou, China.
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Velázquez YF, Nacheva PM. Biodegradability of fluoxetine, mefenamic acid, and metoprolol using different microbial consortiums. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:6779-6793. [PMID: 28091995 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-8413-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The biodegradation of fluoxetine, mefenamic acid, and metoprolol using ammonium-nitrite-oxidizing consortium, nitrite-oxidizing consortium, and heterotrophic biomass was evaluated in batch tests applying different retention times. The ammonium-nitrite-oxidizing consortium presented the highest biodegradation percentages for mefenamic acid and metoprolol, of 85 and 64% respectively. This consortium was also capable to biodegrade 79% of fluoxetine. The heterotrophic consortium showed the highest ability to biodegrade fluoxetine reaching 85%, and it also had a high potential for biodegrading mefenamic acid and metoprolol, of 66 and 58% respectively. The nitrite-oxidizing consortium presented the lowest biodegradation of the three pharmaceuticals, of less than 48%. The determination of the selected pharmaceuticals in the dissolved phase and in the biomass indicated that biodegradation was the major removal mechanism of the three compounds. Based on the obtained results, the biodegradation kinetics was adjusted to pseudo-first-order for the three pharmaceuticals. The values of k biol for fluoxetine, mefenamic acid, and metoprolol determined with the three consortiums indicated that ammonium-nitrite-oxidizing and heterotrophic biomass allow a partial biodegradation of the compounds, while no substantial biodegradation can be expected using nitrite-oxidizing consortium. Metoprolol was the less biodegradable compound. The sorption of fluoxetine and mefenamic acid onto biomass had a significant contribution for their removal (6-14%). The lowest sorption coefficients were obtained for metoprolol indicating that the sorption onto biomass is poor (3-4%), and the contribution of this process to the global removal can be neglected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda Flores Velázquez
- National Autonomous University of Mexico, Campus IMTA, Paseo Cuauhnáhuac 8532, Progreso, 62550, Jiutepec, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Petia Mijaylova Nacheva
- Mexican Institute of Water Technology, Paseo Cuauhnáhuac 8532, Progreso, 62550, Jiutepec, Morelos, Mexico.
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Do T, Ko YG, Chun Y, Shin YK, Kim YG, Choi US. Preparation of PLLA/PBAT-strengthened degradable expanded polystyrene. POLYM ENG SCI 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.24465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Taegu Do
- Center for Urban Energy Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology; Seoul 136-791 Republic of Korea
- Department of Energy and Environmental Engineering; University of Science and Technology; Daejeon 305-350 Republic of Korea
| | - Young Gun Ko
- Environmental Radioactivity Assessment Team, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute; Yuseong-gu Daejeon 305-353 Republic of Korea
| | - Youngsang Chun
- Center for Urban Energy Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology; Seoul 136-791 Republic of Korea
- Department of Interdisciplinary Bio-Micro System Technology, College of Engineering; Korea University; Seoul 136-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Young Kil Shin
- Hyunjin POP; Paju-si Gyeonggi-do 10950 Republic of Korea
| | - Young Gug Kim
- Hyunjin POP; Paju-si Gyeonggi-do 10950 Republic of Korea
| | - Ung Su Choi
- Center for Urban Energy Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology; Seoul 136-791 Republic of Korea
- Department of Energy and Environmental Engineering; University of Science and Technology; Daejeon 305-350 Republic of Korea
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Fischer K, Majewsky M. Cometabolic degradation of organic wastewater micropollutants by activated sludge and sludge-inherent microorganisms. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 98:6583-97. [PMID: 24866947 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-5826-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Revised: 05/10/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Municipal wastewaters contain a multitude of organic trace pollutants. Often, their biodegradability by activated sludge microorganisms is decisive for their elimination during wastewater treatment. Since the amounts of micropollutants seem too low to serve as growth substrate, cometabolism is supposed to be the dominating biodegradation process. Nevertheless, as many biodegradation studies were performed without the intention to discriminate between metabolic and cometabolic processes, the specific contribution of the latter to substance transformations is often not clarified. This minireview summarizes current knowledge about the cometabolic degradation of organic trace pollutants by activated sludge and sludge-inherent microorganisms. Due to their relevance for communal wastewater contamination, the focus is laid on pharmaceuticals, personal care products, antibiotics, estrogens, and nonylphenols. Wherever possible, reference is made to the molecular process level, i.e., cometabolic pathways, involved enzymes, and formed transformation products. Particular cometabolic capabilities of different activated sludge consortia and various microbial species are highlighted. Process conditions favoring cometabolic activities are emphasized. Finally, knowledge gaps are identified, and research perspectives are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Fischer
- Department of Analytical and Ecological Chemistry, University of Trier, Behringstr. 21, 54296, Trier, Germany,
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Ekdal A. Fate of nonylphenol ethoxylate (NPEO) and its inhibitory impact on the biodegradation of acetate under aerobic conditions. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2014; 35:741-748. [PMID: 24645455 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2013.848939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the kinetics of nonylphenol ethoxylate (NPEO) and acetate biodegradation at a moderate sludge age by acclimated culture under aerobic conditions. A laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactor was set and fed only with acetate mixture. The system was operated at steady state with a sludge age of 8 days. Following this stage, a mixture of NPEO and acetate was fed to the mixed culture in order to assess the biodegradation kinetics of NPEO and its impact on acetate utilization. A mechanistic model was developed involving model components and kinetic parameters for both substrates. The model was calibrated with parameters such as oxygen uptake rate and polyhydroxyalkanoates. Biodegradation characteristics and kinetics of acetate and NPEO were estimated by using the model results. Evaluation of calibrated model indicated that exposure of NPEO to non-acclimated sludge caused significant inhibitory impact on the utilization and storage of acetate. However, acclimation ofbiomass greatly suppressed inhibitory effects of NPEO on growth process involved in the degradation of acetate.
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