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Davies-Coleman MT, McPhail KL, Parker-Nance S. A Quarter Century of Marine Biodiscovery in Algoa Bay, South Africa. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2023; 86:638-652. [PMID: 36853972 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.2c00987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Algoa Bay, the largest crenulate bay on the southeastern coast of South Africa, is currently one of the most well-studied marine ecosystems in southern Africa. A plethora of endemic marine invertebrates inhabits the benthic reefs on the western edge of the Bay in close proximity to South Africa's sixth largest city. Over the past 25 years, South African marine natural products chemists, together with international collaborators from the US National Cancer Institute and other US institutions, have focused their attention on Algoa Bay's benthic marine invertebrates as a potential source of new anticancer compounds. This review commemorates a quarter of a century of marine biodiscovery in Algoa Bay and presents the structures and bioactivities of 49 new and 36 known specialized metabolites isolated from two molluscs, eight ascidians, and six sponges. Thirty-nine of these compounds were cytotoxic to cancer cells in vitro with 20 exhibiting moderate to potent cytotoxicity. Six other compounds exhibited antimicrobial activity. Foremost among the potential anticancer compounds is mandelalide A (38) from the Algoa Bay ascidian Lissoclinum species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T Davies-Coleman
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, 7535, South Africa and Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Makhanda, 6140, South Africa
| | - Kerry L McPhail
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregaon 97331, United States
| | - Shirley Parker-Nance
- South African Environmental Observation Network, Elwandle Coastal Node, Nelson Mandela University, Ocean Sciences Campus, Summerstrand, Gqeberha, 6001, South Africa
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2
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Harirchi S, Sar T, Ramezani M, Aliyu H, Etemadifar Z, Nojoumi SA, Yazdian F, Awasthi MK, Taherzadeh MJ. Bacillales: From Taxonomy to Biotechnological and Industrial Perspectives. Microorganisms 2022; 10:2355. [PMID: 36557608 PMCID: PMC9781867 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10122355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
For a long time, the genus Bacillus has been known and considered among the most applicable genera in several fields. Recent taxonomical developments resulted in the identification of more species in Bacillus-related genera, particularly in the order Bacillales (earlier heterotypic synonym: Caryophanales), with potential application for biotechnological and industrial purposes such as biofuels, bioactive agents, biopolymers, and enzymes. Therefore, a thorough understanding of the taxonomy, growth requirements and physiology, genomics, and metabolic pathways in the highly diverse bacterial order, Bacillales, will facilitate a more robust designing and sustainable production of strain lines relevant to a circular economy. This paper is focused principally on less-known genera and their potential in the order Bacillales for promising applications in the industry and addresses the taxonomical complexities of this order. Moreover, it emphasizes the biotechnological usage of some engineered strains of the order Bacillales. The elucidation of novel taxa, their metabolic pathways, and growth conditions would make it possible to drive industrial processes toward an upgraded functionality based on the microbial nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharareh Harirchi
- Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Borås, 50190 Borås, Sweden
| | - Taner Sar
- Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Borås, 50190 Borås, Sweden
| | - Mohaddaseh Ramezani
- Microorganisms Bank, Iranian Biological Resource Centre (IBRC), Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Tehran, Iran
| | - Habibu Aliyu
- Institute of Process Engineering in Life Science II: Technical Biology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Zahra Etemadifar
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology & Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan 8174673441, Iran
| | - Seyed Ali Nojoumi
- Microbiology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran 1316943551, Iran
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran 1316943551, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Yazdian
- Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran 1439957131, Iran
| | - Mukesh Kumar Awasthi
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road 3#, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
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Wu J, Chen Y, Xu X, Ren W, Zhang X, Cai X, Huang A, Zeng Y, Long H, Xie Z. Screening of bioflocculant and cellulase-producing bacteria strains for biofloc culture systems with fiber-rich carbon source. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:969664. [PMID: 36504821 PMCID: PMC9729547 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.969664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The biofloc technology (BFT) system has been widely applied in the shrimp and fish culture industry for its advantages in water-saving, growth improvement, and water quality purification. However, The BFT system usually takes a long time to establish, and the extra carbon source input increases the maintenance cost of the system. In this study, we aimed to develop a low-cost and high-efficient BFT system for Litopenaeus vannamei by applying bacteria that could promote the formation of BFT and utilize cheap carbon sources. Three bioflocculant-producing bacteria strains (M13, M15, and M17) have been screened from a cellulolytic strain collection. All three strains have been identified as Bacillus spp. and can use sugarcane bagasse (SB) as a carbon source, which is a cheap byproduct of the sucrose industry in the tropic area of China. Compared to sucrose, the addition of SB and the three strains could improve the biofloc formation rate, biofloc size distribution, ammonia removal rate, and the growth performance of the shrimps. These results suggest that the bioflocculant and cellulase-producing bacteria strains could promote the biofloc formation and the growth of shrimps by using SB as an economic substitute carbon source in the BFT shrimp culture system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinping Wu
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China,College of Marine Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Yifeng Chen
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China,College of Marine Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Xueni Xu
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China,College of Marine Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Wei Ren
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China,College of Marine Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China,State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in the South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China,Laboratory of Development and Utilization of Marine Microbial Resource, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China,College of Marine Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China,State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in the South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China,Laboratory of Development and Utilization of Marine Microbial Resource, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Xiaoni Cai
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China,College of Marine Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China,State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in the South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China,Laboratory of Development and Utilization of Marine Microbial Resource, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Aiyou Huang
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China,College of Marine Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China,State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in the South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China,Laboratory of Development and Utilization of Marine Microbial Resource, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Yanhua Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in the South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China,Laboratory of Development and Utilization of Marine Microbial Resource, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Hao Long
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in the South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China,Laboratory of Development and Utilization of Marine Microbial Resource, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China,*Correspondence: Hao Long, ; Zhenyu Xie,
| | - Zhenyu Xie
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China,College of Marine Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China,State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in the South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China,Laboratory of Development and Utilization of Marine Microbial Resource, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China,*Correspondence: Hao Long, ; Zhenyu Xie,
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Tsilo PH, Basson AK, Ntombela ZG, Maliehe TS, Pullabhotla VR. Production and Characterization of a Bioflocculant from Pichia kudriavzevii MH545928.1 and Its Application in Wastewater Treatment. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19063148. [PMID: 35328836 PMCID: PMC8953087 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19063148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
A variety of flocculants have been used to aggregate colloidal substances. However, recently, owing to the adverse effects and high costs of conventional flocculants, natural flocculants such as microbial flocculants are gaining attention. The aim of the study was to produce and characterize a bioflocculant from Pichia kudriavzevii MH545928.1 and apply it in wastewater treatment. A mixture of butanol and chloroform (5:2 v/v) was used to extract the bioflocculant. Phenol–sulphuric acid, Bradford and Carbazole assays were utilized for the identification of carbohydrates, proteins and uronic acid, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and elemental detector were employed to determine the surface morphology and elemental compositions. The removal efficiencies were 73%, 49% and 47% for BOD, COD and P, respectively. The bioflocculant (2.836 g/L) obtained showed the presence of carbohydrates (69%), protein (11%) and uronic acid (16%). The bioflocculant displayed a cumulus-like structure and the elemental composition of C (16.92%), N (1.03%), O (43:76%), Na (0.18%), Mg (0.40%), Al (0.80%), P (14.44%), S (1.48%), Cl (0.31%), K (0.34%) and Ca (20.35). It showed the removal efficiencies of 43% (COD), 64% (BOD), 73% (P) and 50% (N) in coal mine wastewater. This bioflocculant is potentially viable to be used in wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phakamani H. Tsilo
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Agriculture and Engineering, University of Zululand, P/Bag X1001, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa; (Z.G.N.); (A.K.B.); (T.S.M.)
- Correspondence: (P.H.T.); (V.R.P.); Tel.: +27-671-090-888 (P.H.T.); +27-35-902-6155 (V.R.P.)
| | - Albertus K. Basson
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Agriculture and Engineering, University of Zululand, P/Bag X1001, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa; (Z.G.N.); (A.K.B.); (T.S.M.)
| | - Zuzingcebo G. Ntombela
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Agriculture and Engineering, University of Zululand, P/Bag X1001, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa; (Z.G.N.); (A.K.B.); (T.S.M.)
| | - Tsolanku S. Maliehe
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Agriculture and Engineering, University of Zululand, P/Bag X1001, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa; (Z.G.N.); (A.K.B.); (T.S.M.)
| | - V.S.R. Rajasekhar Pullabhotla
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Agriculture and Engineering, University of Zululand, P/Bag X1001, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa
- Correspondence: (P.H.T.); (V.R.P.); Tel.: +27-671-090-888 (P.H.T.); +27-35-902-6155 (V.R.P.)
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Ajao V, Fokkink R, Leermakers F, Bruning H, Rijnaarts H, Temmink H. Bioflocculants from wastewater: Insights into adsorption affinity, flocculation mechanisms and mixed particle flocculation based on biopolymer size-fractionation. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 581:533-544. [PMID: 32814184 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.07.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Microbial extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) produced from wastewater are generally heterodispersed, which is expected to influence their flocculation performances and mechanism, particularly in mixed particle systems. The different molecular weight (MW) fractions should contribute to the overall adsorption affinity and flocculation mechanism of EPS in single and dual clay systems. EXPERIMENTS EPS harvested from bioreactors were size-fractionated into high, medium and low MW fractions (HMW, MMW, LMW, respectively). The harvested mixed EPS and its fractions were characterised by diverse analytical techniques coupled with optical reflectometry to investigate the role of each EPS fraction in the overall flocculation mechanism of EPS in kaolinite and montmorillonite clay systems. FINDINGS In single clay systems, both the harvested mixed EPS and the HMW-EPS fraction showed comparable flocculation performances. However, mixed EPS proved to be more efficient than the HMW-EPS fraction for dual clay flocculation. Site blocking effects were observed in mixed EPS: the LMW and MMW EPS first adsorbed to the surface due to higher diffusivities and faster mass transfer to the interface, while the HMW-EPS were slowly transported but were attached to the surface irreversibly and stronger than the LMW/MMW-EPS. We propose from this, a mixed EPS adsorption mechanism: extended anionic polymer tails in solution, thereby enhancing particle flocculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Ajao
- Wetsus - European Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, P.O. Box 1113, 8911 CC Leeuwarden, Netherlands; Department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 8129, 6700 EV Wageningen, Netherlands.
| | - Remco Fokkink
- Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 8038, 6700 Wageningen, Netherlands.
| | - Frans Leermakers
- Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 8038, 6700 Wageningen, Netherlands.
| | - Harry Bruning
- Department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 8129, 6700 EV Wageningen, Netherlands.
| | - Huub Rijnaarts
- Department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 8129, 6700 EV Wageningen, Netherlands.
| | - Hardy Temmink
- Wetsus - European Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, P.O. Box 1113, 8911 CC Leeuwarden, Netherlands; Department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 8129, 6700 EV Wageningen, Netherlands.
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Ibrahim IM, Konnova SA, Sigida EN, Lyubun EV, Muratova AY, Fedonenko YP, Elbanna К. Bioremediation potential of a halophilic Halobacillus sp. strain, EG1HP4QL: exopolysaccharide production, crude oil degradation, and heavy metal tolerance. Extremophiles 2019; 24:157-166. [DOI: 10.1007/s00792-019-01143-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Removal of Pollutants in Mine Wastewater by a Non-Cytotoxic Polymeric Bioflocculant from Alcaligenes faecalis HCB2. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16204001. [PMID: 31635051 PMCID: PMC6843956 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16204001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Bioflocculation is a physicochemical technique often employed to efficiently remove colloidal water pollutants. Consequently, in this study, a bioflocculant was produced, characterised and applied to remove pollutants in mine wastewater. The maximum flocculation activity of 92% was recorded at 30 °C, pH 9.0 when maltose and urea were used as energy sources and 72 h of fermentation at the inoculum size of 1% (v/v). K+ proved to be a favourable cation. The bioflocculant yield of 4 g/L was obtained. Scanning electron microscopy illustrated a hexagonal-like structure of the bioflocculant. It is composed of carbohydrates and proteins in mass proportion of 88.6 and 9.5%, respectively. The Fourier transform infrared spectrum revealed the presence of hydroxyl, amide and amino functional groups. More than 73% of the bioflocculant was obtained after exposure to 600 °C using the thermogravimetric analyser. Human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK 293) cells exhibited 95% viability after being treated with 200 µg/µL of the bioflocculant. The flocculation mechanisms were proposed to be as a result of a double layer compression by K+, chemical reactions and bridging mechanism. The removal efficiencies of 59, 72, and 75% on biological oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand and sulphur, were obtained respectively. Thus, the bioflocculant have potential use in wastewater treatment.
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Banch TJH, Hanafiah MM, Alkarkhi AFM, Abu Amr SS. Factorial Design and Optimization of Landfill Leachate Treatment Using Tannin-Based Natural Coagulant. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1349. [PMID: 31416151 PMCID: PMC6722616 DOI: 10.3390/polym11081349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, tannin-based natural coagulant was used to treat stabilized landfill leachate. Tannin modified with amino group was utilized for the treatment process. Central composite design (CCD) was used to investigate and optimize the effect of tannin dosage and pH on four responses. The treatment efficiency was evaluated based on the removal of four selected (responses) parameters; namely, chemical oxygen demand (COD), color, NH3-N and total suspended solids (TSS). The optimum removal efficiency for COD, TSS, NH3-N and color was obtained using a tannin dosage of 0.73 g at a pH of 6. Moreover, the removal efficiency for selected heavy metals from leachate; namely, iron (Fe2+), zinc (Zn2+), copper (Cu2+), chromium (Cr2+), cadmium (Cd2+), lead (Pb2+), arsenic (As3+), and cobalt (Co2+) was also investigated. The results for removal efficiency for COD, TSS, NH3-N, and color were 53.50%, 60.26%, and 91.39%, respectively. The removal of selected heavy metals from leachate for Fe2+, Zn2+, Cu2+, Cr2+, Cd2+, Pb2+, As3+ and cobalt Co2+ were 89.76%, 94.61%, 94.15%, 89.94%, 17.26%, 93.78%, 86.43% and 84.19%, respectively. The results demonstrate that tannin-based natural coagulant could effectively remove organic compounds and heavy metals from stabilized landfill leachate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tawfiq J H Banch
- Center for Earth Sciences and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Marlia M Hanafiah
- Center for Earth Sciences and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Centre for Tropical Climate Change System, Institute of Climate Change, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Abbas F M Alkarkhi
- Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Malaysian Institute of Chemical & Bioengineering Technology (UniKL, MICET), Melaka 78000, Malaysia
| | - Salem S Abu Amr
- Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Malaysian Institute of Chemical & Bioengineering Technology (UniKL, MICET), Melaka 78000, Malaysia.
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Zhang D, Ye Q, Zhang F, Shao X, Fan Y, Zhu X, Li Y, Yao L, Tian Y, Zheng T, Xu H. Flocculating properties and potential of Halobacillus sp. strain H9 for the mitigation of Microcystis aeruginosa blooms. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 218:138-146. [PMID: 30471494 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.11.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Microcystis aeruginosa can cause harmful algal blooms in freshwaters worldwide. It has already seriously affected human lives and prevented the use of water resources. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop ecofriendly and effective methods to control and eliminate M. aeruginosa in aquatic environments. In this study, Halobacillus sp. strain H9, a bacterium that showed high M. aeruginosa flocculation activity, was isolated and selected to assess its potential for the removal of M. aeruginosa. The analyses of flocculation activity and mode indicated that the strain H9 induced M. aeruginosa flocculation by secreting active flocculating substance rather than by directly contacting algal cells. A 5% concentration of the H9 supernatant could efficiently flocculate M. aeruginosa cells with a density of up to 5 × 107 cells/mL. Dramatic increases in the zeta potential indicated that charge neutralization could be the mechanism of the flocculation process. The strain H9 flocculated M. aeruginosa with no damage to the algal cell membrane, and did not result in microcystin being released into the surrounding environment. The flocculated algal culture was less toxic to zebrafish larvae, suggesting an environmentally friendly benefit of the H9 supernatant. In addition to M. aeruginosa, the H9 strain was also able to flocculate two other species causing harmful algal blooms, Phaeocystis globose and Heterosigma akashiwo. Furthermore, the flocculation activity of the H9 supernatant was stable at different temperatures and over a wide pH range. These characteristics give the H9 strain great potential for mitigating the influences of harmful algal blooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, PR China
| | - Qian Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, PR China
| | - Fuxing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, PR China
| | - Xueping Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, PR China
| | - Yongxiang Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, PR China
| | - Xiaoying Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, PR China
| | - Yinan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, PR China
| | - Luming Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, PR China
| | - Yun Tian
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, and School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, PR China
| | - Tianling Zheng
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, and School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, PR China
| | - Hong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, PR China; Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, and School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, PR China.
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Okaiyeto K, Nwodo UU, Okoli SA, Mabinya LV, Okoh AI. Implications for public health demands alternatives to inorganic and synthetic flocculants: bioflocculants as important candidates. Microbiologyopen 2016; 5:177-211. [PMID: 26914994 PMCID: PMC4831466 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemical flocculants are generally used in drinking water and wastewater treatment due to their efficacy and cost effectiveness. However, the question of their toxicity to human health and environmental pollution has been a major concern. In this article, we review the application of some chemical flocculants utilized in water treatment, and bioflocculants as a potential alternative to these chemical flocculants. To the best of our knowledge, there is no report in the literature that provides an up‐to‐date review of the relevant literature on both chemical flocculants and bioflocculants in one paper. As a result, this review paper comprehensively discussed the various chemical flocculants used in water treatment, including their advantages and disadvantages. It also gave insights into bioflocculants production, challenges, various factors influencing their flocculating efficiency and their industrial applications, as well as future research directions including improvement of bioflocculants yields and flocculating activity, and production of cation‐independent bioflocculants. The molecular biology and synthesis of bioflocculants are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunle Okaiyeto
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice, 5700, South Africa.,Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Alice, 5700, South Africa
| | - Uchechukwu U Nwodo
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice, 5700, South Africa.,Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Alice, 5700, South Africa
| | - Stanley A Okoli
- GenØK - Centre for Biosafety, Science Park, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, 9291, Norway
| | - Leonard V Mabinya
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice, 5700, South Africa.,Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Alice, 5700, South Africa
| | - Anthony I Okoh
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice, 5700, South Africa.,Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Alice, 5700, South Africa
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Abstract
UNLABELLED Two full-scale slow sand filters (SSFs) were sampled periodically from April until November 2011 to study the spatial and temporal structures of the bacterial communities found in the filters. To monitor global changes in the microbial communities, DNA from sand samples taken at different depths and locations within the SSFs and at different filters ages was used for Illumina 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Additionally, 15 water quality parameters were monitored to assess filter performance, with functionally relevant microbial members being identified by using multivariate statistics. The bacterial diversity in the SSFs was found to be much larger than previously documented, with community composition being shaped by the characteristics of the SSFs (filter age and depth) and sampling characteristics (month, side, and distance from the influent and effluent pipes). We found that several key genera (Acidovorax, Halomonas, Sphingobium, and Sphingomonas) were associated with filter performance. In addition, at the whole-community level, a strong positive correlation was found between species evenness and filter performance. This study is the first to comprehensively characterize the microbial community of SSFs and link specific microbes to water quality parameters. In doing so, we reveal key patterns in microbial community structure that relate to overall community function. IMPORTANCE The supply of sustainable, energy-efficient, and safe drinking water to an increasing world population is a huge challenge faced by the water industry. SSFs have been used for hundreds of years to provide a safe and reliable source of potable drinking water, with minimal energy requirements. However, a lack of knowledge pertaining to the treatment mechanisms, particularly the biological processes, underpinning SSF operation has meant that SSFs are still operated as "black boxes." Understanding these dynamics alongside performance-induced effects associated with operational differences will promote optimized SSF design, maintenance, and operation, creating more efficient and environmentally sustainable filters. Through a spatial-temporal survey of full-scale SSFs at various points of operation, we present the most detailed characterization to date of the functional microbial communities found in SSFs, linking various taxa and community metrics to optimal water quality production.
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Okaiyeto K, Nwodo UU, Mabinya LV, Okoli AS, Okoh AI. Characterization of a Bioflocculant (MBF-UFH) Produced by Bacillus sp. AEMREG7. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:12986-3003. [PMID: 26062133 PMCID: PMC4490482 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160612986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Revised: 05/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
A bioflocculant named MBF-UFH produced by a Bacillus species isolated from sediment samples of Algoa Bay of the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa was characterized. The bacterial identification was through 16S rDNA sequencing; nucleotide sequences were deposited in GenBank as Bacillus sp. AEMREG7 with Accession Number KP659187. The production of the bioflocculant was observed to be closely associated with cell growth. The bioflocculant had the highest flocculating activity of 83.2% after 72 h of cultivation, and approximately 1.6 g of purified MBF-UFH was recovered from 1 L of fermentation broth. Its chemical analyses indicated that it is a glycoprotein composed of polysaccharide (76%) and protein (14%). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) revealed that it consisted of hydroxyl, amide, carboxyl and methoxyl as the functional moieties. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed the amorphous structure of MBF-UFH and flocculated kaolin clay particles. The maximum flocculating activity of 92.6% against kaolin clay suspension was achieved at 0.3 mg/mL over pH ranges of 3-11 with the peak flocculating rate at pH 8 in the presence of MgCl2. The bioflocculant retained high flocculating activity of 90% after heating at 100 °C for 1 h. MBF-UFH appears to have immense potential as an alternative to conventional chemical flocculants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunle Okaiyeto
- South Africa-Medical Research Council (SA-MRC), Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, 5700 Alice, South Africa.
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, 5700 Alice, South Africa.
| | - Uchechukwu U Nwodo
- South Africa-Medical Research Council (SA-MRC), Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, 5700 Alice, South Africa.
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, 5700 Alice, South Africa.
| | - Leonard V Mabinya
- South Africa-Medical Research Council (SA-MRC), Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, 5700 Alice, South Africa.
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, 5700 Alice, South Africa.
| | - Arinze S Okoli
- GenØK-Centre for Biosafety, Forskningsparken i Breivika, Postboks 6418, 9294 Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Anthony I Okoh
- South Africa-Medical Research Council (SA-MRC), Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, 5700 Alice, South Africa.
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, 5700 Alice, South Africa.
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Pathak M, Devi A, Bhattacharyya KG, Sarma HK, Subudhi S, Lal B. Production of a non-cytotoxic bioflocculant by a bacterium utilizing a petroleum hydrocarbon source and its application in heavy metal removal. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra08636a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A bacterium isolated from the activated sludge of an oil refinery of Assam, India retained efficient bioflocculating activity through production of the bioflocculant when it was grown on a crude oil amended medium void of any other carbon source.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Pathak
- Environmental Chemistry Laboratory
- Resource Management and Environment Section
- Life Science Division
- Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology
- Guwahati
| | - A. Devi
- Environmental Chemistry Laboratory
- Resource Management and Environment Section
- Life Science Division
- Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology
- Guwahati
| | | | - H. K. Sarma
- Department of Biotechnology
- Gauhati University
- Guwahati
- India
| | - S. Subudhi
- Environmental and Industrial Biotechnology Division
- The Energy and Resources Institute
- New Delhi
- India
| | - B. Lal
- Environmental and Industrial Biotechnology Division
- The Energy and Resources Institute
- New Delhi
- India
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