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Zou S, Ruan Y, Liu H, Wong J, Xu S. pH regulated potassium ferrate oxidation promotes acetic acid yield and phosphorous recovery rate from waste activated sludge. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 362:127816. [PMID: 36028050 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
To improve the dose efficiency of K2FeO4 in waste activated sludge (WAS) treatment, pH regulation on K2FeO4 pretreatment and acidogenic fermentation was investigated. Four pretreatments were compared, i.e. pH3 + 50 g/kg-TS, pH10 + 50 g/kg-TS, neutral pH + 50 g/kg-TS and neutral pH + 100 g/kg-TS (without pH adjustment). The higher short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) yield and phosphorous dissolution rate was found under the condition of pH 10.0. In pH10 + 50 g/kg-TS, the maximum concentration of SCFAs was 5591 mg-COD/L, which yield was 22.6 times higher than that of the neutral pH + 50 g/kg-TS (237 mg COD/L). The acidogenic fermentation period could be shortened to 5 days and acetic acid accounted for 70 % of SCFAs. Furthermore, PO43--P in the hydrolysate (346.5 mg/L) accounted for 47.59 % of TP, which is easier to be recovered by chemical precipitation. Therefore, a more economical and feasible utilization mode of potassium ferrate was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simin Zou
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Yannan Ruan
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Hongbo Liu
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Jonathan Wong
- Institute of Bioresource and Agriculture, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Suyun Xu
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.
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Luhar I, Luhar S, Abdullah MMAB, Razak RA, Vizureanu P, Sandu AV, Matasaru PD. A State-of-the-Art Review on Innovative Geopolymer Composites Designed for Water and Wastewater Treatment. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:7456. [PMID: 34885611 PMCID: PMC8658912 DOI: 10.3390/ma14237456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
There is nothing more fundamental than clean potable water for living beings next to air. On the other hand, wastewater management is cropping up as a challenging task day-by-day due to lots of new additions of novel pollutants as well as the development of infrastructures and regulations that could not maintain its pace with the burgeoning escalation of populace and urbanizations. Therefore, momentous approaches must be sought-after to reclaim fresh water from wastewaters in order to address this great societal challenge. One of the routes is to clean wastewater through treatment processes using diverse adsorbents. However, most of them are unsustainable and quite costly e.g. activated carbon adsorbents, etc. Quite recently, innovative, sustainable, durable, affordable, user and eco-benevolent Geopolymer composites have been brought into play to serve the purpose as a pretty novel subject matter since they can be manufactured by a simple process of Geopolymerization at low temperature, lower energy with mitigated carbon footprints and marvellously, exhibit outstanding properties of physical and chemical stability, ion-exchange, dielectric characteristics, etc., with a porous structure and of course lucrative too because of the incorporation of wastes with them, which is in harmony with the goal to transit from linear to circular economy, i.e., "one's waste is the treasure for another". For these reasons, nowadays, this ground-breaking inorganic class of amorphous alumina-silicate materials are drawing the attention of the world researchers for designing them as adsorbents for water and wastewater treatment where the chemical nature and structure of the materials have a great impact on their adsorption competence. The aim of the current most recent state-of-the-art and scientometric review is to comprehend and assess thoroughly the advancements in geo-synthesis, properties and applications of geopolymer composites designed for the elimination of hazardous contaminants viz., heavy metal ions, dyes, etc. The adsorption mechanisms and effects of various environmental conditions on adsorption efficiency are also taken into account for review of the importance of Geopolymers as most recent adsorbents to get rid of the death-defying and toxic pollutants from wastewater with a view to obtaining reclaimed potable and sparkling water for reuse offering to trim down the massive crisis of scarcity of water promoting sustainable water and wastewater treatment for greener environments. The appraisal is made on the performance estimation of Geopolymers for water and wastewater treatment along with the three-dimensional printed components are characterized for mechanical, physical and chemical attributes, permeability and Ammonium (NH4+) ion removal competence of Geopolymer composites as alternative adsorbents for sequestration of an assortment of contaminants during wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismail Luhar
- Department of Civil Engineering, Shri Jagdishprasad Jhabarmal Tibrewala University, Rajasthan 333001, India;
| | - Salmabanu Luhar
- Center of Excellence Geopolymer and Green Technology (CEGeoGTech), Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Perlis 01000, Malaysia;
- Frederick Research Center, P.O. Box 24729, Nicosia 1303, Cyprus
- Department of Civil Engineering, Frederick University, Nicosia 1036, Cyprus
| | - Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah
- Center of Excellence Geopolymer and Green Technology (CEGeoGTech), Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Perlis 01000, Malaysia;
| | - Rafiza Abdul Razak
- Center of Excellence Geopolymer and Green Technology (CEGeoGTech), Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Perlis 01000, Malaysia;
| | - Petrica Vizureanu
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iasi, D. Mangeron 41, 700050 Iasi, Romania
| | - Andrei Victor Sandu
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iasi, D. Mangeron 41, 700050 Iasi, Romania
- Romanian Inventors Forum, St. P. Movila 3, 700089 Iasi, Romania
- National Institute for Research and Development in Environmental Protection INCDPM, Splaiul Independentei 294, 060031 Bucuresti, Romania
| | - Petre-Daniel Matasaru
- Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications and Information Technology, Technical University “Gheorghe Asachi”, Carol I Bvd, nr. 11 A, 700506 Iasi, Romania;
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Removal of Ammonium from Swine Wastewater Using Synthesized Zeolite from Fly Ash. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12083423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic zeolites with pretreated fly ash as a raw material were used to remove ammonium from wastewater using a hydrothermal method in this study. Two pretreatment methods of fly ash were used to compare the ammonium removal of zeolites: water-washing and pickling. In addition, the effects of several factors including the time, temperature, pH, adsorbent dosage, coexisting ions and initial concentration were investigated to gain insight into the adsorption rate, behavior and mechanism of synthetic zeolites for ammonium. N2 adsorption/desorption isotherms showed that the synthetic zeolite was a mesoporous material with a higher specific area (13.05 m2/g) than the values for raw fly ash (0.34 m2/g). The X-ray diffraction result suggested that the synthetic products mainly belonged to zeolite P and Y. The adsorption kinetic data fitted well with a pseudo-second-order model. The maximum ammonium adsorption capacity was 32.16 mg/g. The synthetic zeolites were also applied to adsorb the ammonium from real swine wastewater. The ammonium removal efficiencies in raw swine wastewater and effluent from the biochemical unit were 64.34% and 79.61%, respectively, which indicated that the synthetic zeolites have a good application for real ammonium wastewater.
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Luukkonen T, Věžníková K, Tolonen ET, Runtti H, Yliniemi J, Hu T, Kemppainen K, Lassi U. Removal of ammonium from municipal wastewater with powdered and granulated metakaolin geopolymer. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2018; 39:414-423. [PMID: 28278098 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2017.1301572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Ammonium [Formula: see text] removal from municipal wastewater poses challenges with the commonly used biological processes. Especially at low wastewater temperatures, the process is frequently ineffective and difficult to control. One alternative is to use ion-exchange. In the present study, a novel [Formula: see text] ion-exchanger, metakaolin geopolymer (MK-GP), was prepared, characterised, and tested. Batch experiments with powdered MK-GP indicated that the maximum exchange capacities were 31.79, 28.77, and 17.75 mg/g in synthetic, screened, and pre-sedimented municipal wastewater, respectively, according to the Sips isotherm (R2 ≥ 0.91). Kinetics followed the pseudo-second-order rate equation in all cases (kp2 = 0.04-0.24 g mg-1 min-1, R2 ≥ 0.97) and the equilibrium was reached within 30-90 min. Granulated MK-GP proved to be suitable for a continuous column mode use. Granules were high-strength, porous at the surface and could be regenerated multiple times with NaCl/NaOH. A bench-scale pilot test further confirmed the feasibility of granulated MK-GP in practical conditions at a municipal wastewater treatment plant: consistently <4 mg/L [Formula: see text] could be reached even though wastewater had low temperature (approx. 10°C). The results indicate that powdered or granulated MK-GP might have practical potential for removal and possible recovery of [Formula: see text] from municipal wastewaters. The simple and low-energy preparation method for MK-GP further increases the significance of the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tero Luukkonen
- a Kajaani University of Applied Sciences , Kajaani , Finland
| | - Kateřina Věžníková
- b Faculty of Chemistry , Brno University of Technology , Purkyňova Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Emma-Tuulia Tolonen
- a Kajaani University of Applied Sciences , Kajaani , Finland
- c Research Unit of Sustainable Chemistry , University of Oulu , Oulu , Finland
| | - Hanna Runtti
- c Research Unit of Sustainable Chemistry , University of Oulu , Oulu , Finland
| | - Juho Yliniemi
- d Fibre and Particle Engineering Research Unit , University of Oulu , Oulu , Finland
| | - Tao Hu
- c Research Unit of Sustainable Chemistry , University of Oulu , Oulu , Finland
| | | | - Ulla Lassi
- c Research Unit of Sustainable Chemistry , University of Oulu , Oulu , Finland
- e Unit of Applied Chemistry , University of Jyvaskyla, Kokkola University Consortium Chydenius , Kokkola , Finland
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