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da Consolação Magalhães Cunha M, Conrad Bohm B, Morais MHF, Dias Campos NB, Schultes OL, Pereira Campos Bruhn N, Pascoti Bruhn FR, Caiaffa WT. Temporal trends of dengue cases and deaths from 2007 to 2020 in Belo Horizonte, Brazil. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2024; 34:2248-2263. [PMID: 37485862 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2023.2237420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Dengue, a disease with multifactorial determinants, is linked to population susceptibility to circulating viruses and the extent of vector infestation. This study aimed to analyze the temporal trends of dengue cases and deaths in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil, from 2007 to 2020. Data from the Notifiable Diseases Information System (Sinan) were utilized for the investigation. To assess the disease's progression over the study period and predict its future incidence, time series analyses were conducted using a generalized additive model (GAM) and a seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA) model. Over the study period, a total of 463,566 dengue cases and 125 deaths were reported. Notably, there was an increase in severe cases and deaths, marking hyperendemics characterized by simultaneous virus circulation (79.17% in 2016-50% in 2019). The generalized additive model revealed a non-linear pattern with epidemic peaks in 2010, 2013, 2016, and 2019, indicating an explosive pattern of dengue incidence. The SARIMA (3,1,1) (0,0,0)12 model was validated for each year (2015 to 2019). Comparing the actual and predicted numbers of dengue cases, the model demonstrated its effectiveness for predicting cases in the municipality. The rising number of dengue cases emphasizes the importance of vector surveillance and control. Enhanced models and predictions by local health services will aid in anticipating necessary control measures to combat future epidemics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bianca Conrad Bohm
- Veterinary Epidemiology Laboratory, Preventive Veterinary Department, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, Brazil
| | | | - Natalia Bruna Dias Campos
- Urban Health Observatory - Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Olivia Lang Schultes
- Urban Health Observatory - Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Fabio Raphael Pascoti Bruhn
- Veterinary Epidemiology Laboratory, Preventive Veterinary Department, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Waleska Teixeira Caiaffa
- Urban Health Observatory - Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Bohm BC, Morais MHF, Cunha MDCM, Bruhn NCP, Caiaffa WT, Bruhn FRP. Determining the relationship between dengue and vulnerability in a Brazilian city: a spatial modeling analysis. Pathog Glob Health 2024; 118:120-130. [PMID: 37602571 PMCID: PMC11141313 DOI: 10.1080/20477724.2023.2247273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue is a viral infection transmitted by the Aedes aegypti mosquito. This study aimed to assess the distribution of cases and deaths from dengue and severe dengue, and its relationship with social vulnerability in Belo Horizonte, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil, from 2010 to 2018. The incidence and lethality rates of dengue and their relationship with sex, age, education, skin color, and social vulnerability were studied using chi-square tests, Ordinary Least Squares (OLS), and Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) analyses. The number of cases of dengue in Belo Horizonte during the study period was 324,044 dengue cases, with 1,334 cases of severe dengue and 88 deaths. During the past few decades, the incidence rate of both dengue and severe cases varied, with an average incidence rate of respectively 1515.5 and 6.2/100,000 inhabitants. The increase in dengue cases was directly related to areas with higher social vulnerability areas and more working-age people. Also, the disease is more severe in people self-declared as black, elderly, and male. The findings of this study might provide relevant information for health services in the organization of control and prevention policies for this problem, emphasizing the most vulnerable urban areas and categories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Conrad Bohm
- Veterinary Epidemiology Laboratory, Preventive Veterinary Department, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Waleska Teixeira Caiaffa
- Urban Health Observatory - Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Fábio Raphael Pascoti Bruhn
- Preventive Veterinary Department, Zoonoses Control Center (UFPel), Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
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Prestes-Carneiro LE, Barbosa Souza A, Belussi GL, Grande GHD, Bertacco EAM, Vieira AG, Flores EF. Dengue outbreaks in a city with recent transmission in São Paulo state, Brazil. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2024; 34:1370-1383. [PMID: 37036947 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2023.2199972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the distribution of dengue cases, solid waste deposits (SWDs), forest fragments, water drainage, population income, and the possible association with dengue outbreaks in Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil. An urban setting with recent transmission. Data were obtained from public agencies. Kernel density maps of the variables were constructed. From 2015 to 2021, 33026 cases of dengue were reported; the incidence and mortality rate were highest in 2016. The number of cases decreased during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020 and 2021) compared with 2019, but alarming rates were registered in 2022. In 2015, 56 points of SWDs were identified, with an increase of 1.6-fold in 2020 and 2021. Multivariate analysis showed a positive correlation between the density of dengue cases and SWDs with the highest correlation (0.70) in 2020. Identifying these areas could guide public health authorities in surveillance measures and improvements in health care infrastructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Euribel Prestes-Carneiro
- Department of Emergency, Oeste Paulista University/Regional Hospital of Presidente Prudente, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alana Barbosa Souza
- Department of Emergency, Oeste Paulista University/Regional Hospital of Presidente Prudente, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriella Lima Belussi
- Department of Emergency, Oeste Paulista University/Regional Hospital of Presidente Prudente, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - André Gonçalves Vieira
- Municipal Epidemiological Surveillance of Presidente Prudente, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edilson Ferreira Flores
- Statistics Department, School of Sciences and Technology, São Paulo State University, Presidente Prudente, Brazil
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Damtew YT, Tong M, Varghese BM, Anikeeva O, Hansen A, Dear K, Zhang Y, Morgan G, Driscoll T, Capon T, Bi P. Effects of high temperatures and heatwaves on dengue fever: a systematic review and meta-analysis. EBioMedicine 2023; 91:104582. [PMID: 37088034 PMCID: PMC10149186 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have shown that dengue virus transmission increases in association with ambient temperature. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the effect of both high temperatures and heatwave events on dengue transmission in different climate zones globally. METHODS A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science from January 1990 to September 20, 2022. We included peer reviewed original observational studies using ecological time series, case crossover, or case series study designs reporting the association of high temperatures and heatwave with dengue and comparing risks over different exposures or time periods. Studies classified as case reports, clinical trials, non-human studies, conference abstracts, editorials, reviews, books, posters, commentaries; and studies that examined only seasonal effects were excluded. Effect estimates were extracted from published literature. A random effects meta-analysis was performed to pool the relative risks (RRs) of dengue infection per 1 °C increase in temperature, and further subgroup analyses were also conducted. The quality and strength of evidence were evaluated following the Navigation Guide systematic review methodology framework. The review protocol has been registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO). FINDINGS The study selection process yielded 6367 studies. A total of 106 studies covering more than four million dengue cases fulfilled the inclusion criteria; of these, 54 studies were eligible for meta-analysis. The overall pooled estimate showed a 13% increase in risk of dengue infection (RR = 1.13; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.11-1.16, I2 = 98.0%) for each 1 °C increase in high temperatures. Subgroup analyses by climate zones suggested greater effects of temperature in tropical monsoon climate zone (RR = 1.29, 95% CI: 1.11-1.51) and humid subtropical climate zone (RR = 1.20, 95% CI: 1.15-1.25). Heatwave events showed association with an increased risk of dengue infection (RR = 1.08; 95% CI: 0.95-1.23, I2 = 88.9%), despite a wide confidence interval. The overall strength of evidence was found to be "sufficient" for high temperatures but "limited" for heatwaves. Our results showed that high temperatures increased the risk of dengue infection, albeit with varying risks across climate zones and different levels of national income. INTERPRETATION High temperatures increased the relative risk of dengue infection. Future studies on the association between temperature and dengue infection should consider local and regional climate, socio-demographic and environmental characteristics to explore vulnerability at local and regional levels for tailored prevention. FUNDING Australian Research Council Discovery Program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohannes Tefera Damtew
- School of Public Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia; College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, P.O.BOX 138, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia.
| | - Michael Tong
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, ANU College of Health and Medicine, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT, 2601, Australia.
| | - Blesson Mathew Varghese
- School of Public Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia.
| | - Olga Anikeeva
- School of Public Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia.
| | - Alana Hansen
- School of Public Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia.
| | - Keith Dear
- School of Public Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia.
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia.
| | - Geoffrey Morgan
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia.
| | - Tim Driscoll
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia.
| | - Tony Capon
- Monash Sustainable Development Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Peng Bi
- School of Public Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia.
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Collins MH, Potter GE, Hitchings MDT, Butler E, Wiles M, Kennedy JK, Pinto SB, Teixeira ABM, Casanovas-Massana A, Rouphael NG, Deye GA, Simmons CP, Moreira LA, Nogueira ML, Cummings DAT, Ko AI, Teixeira MM, Edupuganti S. EVITA Dengue: a cluster-randomized controlled trial to EValuate the efficacy of Wolbachia-InfecTed Aedes aegypti mosquitoes in reducing the incidence of Arboviral infection in Brazil. Trials 2022; 23:185. [PMID: 35236394 PMCID: PMC8889395 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-022-05997-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Arboviruses transmitted by Aedes aegypti including dengue, Zika, and chikungunya are a major global health problem, with over 2.5 billion at risk for dengue alone. There are no licensed antivirals for these infections, and safe and effective vaccines are not yet widely available. Thus, prevention of arbovirus transmission by vector modification is a novel approach being pursued by multiple researchers. However, the field needs high-quality evidence derived from randomized, controlled trials upon which to base the implementation and maintenance of vector control programs. Here, we report the EVITA Dengue trial design (DMID 17-0111), which assesses the efficacy in decreasing arbovirus transmission of an innovative approach developed by the World Mosquito Program for vector modification of Aedes mosquitoes by Wolbachia pipientis. Methods DMID 17-0111 is a cluster-randomized trial in Belo Horizonte, Brazil, with clusters defined by primary school catchment areas. Clusters (n = 58) will be randomized 1:1 to intervention (release of Wolbachia-infected Aedes aegypti mosquitoes) vs. control (no release). Standard vector control activities (i.e., insecticides and education campaigns for reduction of mosquito breeding sites) will continue as per current practice in the municipality. Participants (n = 3480, 60 per cluster) are children aged 6–11 years enrolled in the cluster-defining school and living within the cluster boundaries who will undergo annual serologic surveillance for arboviral infection. The primary objective is to compare sero-incidence of arboviral infection between arms. Discussion DMID 17-0111 aims to determine the efficacy of Wolbachia-infected mosquito releases in reducing human infections by arboviruses transmitted by Aedes aegypti and will complement the mounting evidence for this method from large-scale field releases and ongoing trials. The trial also represents a critical step towards robustness and rigor for how vector control methods are assessed, including the simultaneous measurement and correlation of entomologic and epidemiologic outcomes. Data from this trial will inform further the development of novel vector control methods. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.govNCT04514107. Registered on 17 August 2020 Primary sponsor: National Institute of Health, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13063-022-05997-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew H Collins
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, The Hope Clinic of the Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Gail E Potter
- Biostatistics Research Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA.,The Emmes Company, LLC, Rockville, USA
| | - Matt D T Hitchings
- Emerging Pathogens Institute and Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Ellie Butler
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, The Hope Clinic of the Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Michelle Wiles
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, The Hope Clinic of the Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Sofia B Pinto
- World Mosquito Program, Monash University, Melbourne, 3800, Australia
| | - Adla B M Teixeira
- School of Education, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Arnau Casanovas-Massana
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Nadine G Rouphael
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, The Hope Clinic of the Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Gregory A Deye
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Cameron P Simmons
- World Mosquito Program, Monash University, Melbourne, 3800, Australia
| | - Luciano A Moreira
- Instituto René Rachou, Fiocruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Mauricio L Nogueira
- Medical School of São Jose do Rio Preto FAMERP, São Jose do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Derek A T Cummings
- Emerging Pathogens Institute and Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | - Albert I Ko
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA. .,Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
| | - Mauro M Teixeira
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Srilatha Edupuganti
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, The Hope Clinic of the Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Masrani AS, Nik Husain NR, Musa KI, Yasin AS. Article title: Trends and Spatial Pattern Analysis of Dengue Cases in Northeast Malaysia. J Prev Med Public Health 2022; 55:80-87. [PMID: 35135051 PMCID: PMC8841195 DOI: 10.3961/jpmph.21.461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Dengue remains hyperendemic in Malaysia despite extensive vector control activities. With dynamic changes in land use, urbanisation and population movement, periodic updates on dengue transmission patterns are crucial to ensure the implementation of effective control strategies. We sought to assess shifts in the trends and spatial patterns of dengue in Kelantan, a north-eastern state of Malaysia (5°15’N 102°0’E). Methods This study incorporated data from the national dengue monitoring system (eDengue system). Confirmed dengue cases registered in Kelantan with disease onset between January 1, 2016 and December 31, 2018 were included in the study. Yearly changes in dengue incidence were mapped by using ArcGIS. Hotspot analysis was performed using Getis-Ord Gi to track changes in the trends of dengue spatial clustering. Results A total of 10 645 dengue cases were recorded in Kelantan between 2016 and 2018, with an average of 10 dengue cases reported daily (standard deviation, 11.02). Areas with persistently high dengue incidence were seen mainly in the coastal region for the 3-year period. However, the hotspots shifted over time with a gradual dispersion of hotspots to their adjacent districts. Conclusions A notable shift in the spatial patterns of dengue was observed. We were able to glimpse the shift of dengue from an urban to peri-urban disease with the possible effect of a state-wide population movement that affects dengue transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afiqah Syamimi Masrani
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
| | - Nik Rosmawati Nik Husain
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
- Corresponding author: Nik Rosmawati Nik Husain Department of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, 16150 Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia E-mail:
| | - Kamarul Imran Musa
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
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Cunha MDCM, Ju Y, Morais MHF, Dronova I, Ribeiro SP, Bruhn FRP, Lima LL, Sales DM, Schultes OL, Rodriguez DA, Caiaffa WT. Disentangling associations between vegetation greenness and dengue in a Latin American city: Findings and challenges. LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING 2021; 216:None. [PMID: 34675450 PMCID: PMC8519391 DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2021.104255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Being a Re-Emerging Infectious Disease, dengue causes 390 million cases globally and is prevalent in many urban areas in South America. Understanding the fine-scale relationships between dengue incidence and environmental and socioeconomic factors can guide improved disease prevention strategies. This ecological study examines the association between dengue incidence and satellite-based vegetation greenness in 3826 census tracts nested in 474 neighborhoods in Belo Horizonte, Brazil, during the 2010 dengue epidemic. To reduce potential bias in the estimated dengue-greenness association, we adjusted for socioeconomic vulnerability, population density, building height and density, land cover composition, elevation, weather patterns, and neighborhood random effects. We found that vegetation greenness was negatively associated with dengue incidence in a univariate model, and this association attenuated after controlling for additional covariates. The dengue-greenness association was modified by socioeconomic vulnerability: while a positive association was observed in the least vulnerable census tracts, the association was negative in the most vulnerable areas. Using greenness as a proxy for vegetation quality, our results show the potential of vegetation management in reducing dengue incidence, particularly in socioeconomically vulnerable areas. We also discuss the role of water infrastructure, sanitation services, and tree cover in lowering dengue risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria da Consolação Magalhães Cunha
- Observatory for Urban health in Belo Horizonte, School of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Yang Ju
- Institute of Urban and Regional Development, University of California, 316 Wurster Hall, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Corresponding author.
| | | | - Iryna Dronova
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, Department of Landscape Architecture and Environmental Planning, University of California, Berkeley, USA
| | - Sérvio Pontes Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Ecology of Diseases and Forests, Nucleous of Biology/NUPEB and Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | | | - Larissa Lopes Lima
- Observatory for Urban health in Belo Horizonte, School of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Federal Center for Technological Education of Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Denise Marques Sales
- Observatory for Urban health in Belo Horizonte, School of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Olivia Lang Schultes
- Observatory for Urban health in Belo Horizonte, School of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Daniel A. Rodriguez
- Department of City and Regional Planning and Institute of Transportation Studies, University of California, Berkeley, USA
| | - Waleska Teixeira Caiaffa
- Observatory for Urban health in Belo Horizonte, School of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Prediction of Dengue Incidence in the Northeast Malaysia Based on Weather Data Using the Generalized Additive Model. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:3540964. [PMID: 34734083 PMCID: PMC8560235 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3540964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Dengue, a vector-borne viral illness, shows worldwide widening spatial distribution beyond its point of origination, namely, the tropical belt. The persistent hyperendemicity in Malaysia has resulted in the formation of the dengue early warning system. However, weather variables are yet to be fully utilized for prevention and control activities, particularly in east-coast peninsular Malaysia where limited studies have been conducted. We aim to provide a time-based estimate of possible dengue incidence increase following weather-related changes, thereby highlighting potential dengue outbreaks. Method All serologically confirmed dengue patients in Kelantan, a northeastern state in Malaysia, registered in the eDengue system with an onset of disease from January 2016 to December 2018, were included in the study with the exclusion of duplicate entry. Using a generalized additive model, climate data collected from the Kota Bharu weather station (latitude 6°10′N, longitude 102°18′E) was analysed with dengue data. Result A cyclical pattern of dengue cases was observed with annual peaks coinciding with the intermonsoon period. Our analysis reveals that maximum temperature, mean temperature, rainfall, and wind speed have a significant nonlinear effect on dengue cases in Kelantan. Our model can explain approximately 8.2% of dengue incidence variabilities. Conclusion Weather variables affect nearly 10% of the dengue incidences in Northeast Malaysia, thereby making it a relevant variable to be included in a dengue early warning system. Interventions such as vector control activities targeting the intermonsoon period are recommended.
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Evaluation of Neighborhood Socio-Economic Status, as Measured by the Delphi Method, on Dengue Fever Distribution in Jeddah City, Saudi Arabia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18126407. [PMID: 34199216 PMCID: PMC8296257 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18126407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Dengue fever, a mosquito-transmitted viral disease, is present in many neighborhoods in Jeddah City, Saudi Arabia. One factor likely to affect its distribution is the socio-economic status of local neighborhoods; however, the absence of socio-economic census data in Saudi Arabia has precluded detailed investigation. This study aims to develop a proxy measure of socio-economic status in Jeddah City in order to assess its relationship with the occurrence of dengue fever. The Delphi method was used to assess the socio-economic status (high, medium or low) of local neighborhoods in Jeddah City. A Geographic Information System (GIS) was applied to understand the distribution of dengue fever according to the socio-economic status of Jeddah City neighborhoods. Low-socio-economic status neighborhoods in south Jeddah City, with poor environmental conditions and high levels of poverty and population density, reported most cases of dengue fever. Nevertheless, dengue continues to increase in high socio-economic status neighborhoods in the northern part of the city, possibly due to ideal breeding conditions caused by the presence of standing water associated with high levels of construction. Moreover, the low-socioeconomic-status neighborhoods had the highest average number of cases, being 3.95 times that of high-status neighborhoods for the period 2006–2009. The Delphi approach can produce a useful and robust measure of socio-economic status for use in the analysis of patterns of dengue fever. Results suggest that there are nuances in the relationship between socio-economic status and dengue that indicate that higher status areas are also at risk. A useful additional tool for researchers in Saudi Arabia would be the development of census data or other systematic measures that allow socio-economic status to be included in spatial analyses of dengue fever and other diseases.
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Schultes OL, Morais MHF, Cunha MDCM, Sobral A, Caiaffa WT. Spatial analysis of dengue incidence and Aedes aegypti ovitrap surveillance in Belo Horizonte, Brazil. Trop Med Int Health 2020; 26:237-255. [PMID: 33159826 DOI: 10.1111/tmi.13521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Understanding the intra-urban spatial dynamics of Aedes aegypti and dengue transmission is important to effectively guide vector control. Ovitraps are a sensitive, cost-effective vector surveillance tool, yet few longitudinal studies have evaluated ovitrap indices and dengue occurrence. We aimed to assess the spatial patterns of dengue incidence and Ae. aegypti ovitrap positivity index (OPI) over time and to examine the spatial relationship between these two variables. METHODS This study used 12 years (2007-2018) of dengue case records and biweekly Ae. aegypti ovitrap data in Belo Horizonte, Brazil. We aggregated data by year and health centre catchment area (n = 152) and used both univariate and bivariate global Moran's I statistic and LISA to evaluate spatial clustering. RESULTS Annual dengue incidence ranged from 18 to 6262/100 000 residents and displayed spatial autocorrelation in 10/12 years, with shifting areas of high incidence. Annual OPI ranged from 35.7 to 47.6% and was clustered in all study years, but unlike dengue had consistent spatial patterns over time. Bivariate analysis found both positive (6/12 years) and negative (1/12 years) spatial associations between the two variables. CONCLUSIONS Low detected presence of Ae. aegypti was not a limiting factor in dengue transmission. However, stable spatial distribution of OPI suggests that certain areas may have persistent breeding sites. Future research should identify factors related to persistent Ae. aegypti hotspots to better guide vector management. Vector control efforts should be paired with additional data on population immunity, circulating serotypes and urban factors to better predict and control outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Lang Schultes
- Urban Health Observatory of Belo Horizonte, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | | - Andréa Sobral
- National School of Public Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Cavany SM, España G, Lloyd AL, Waller LA, Kitron U, Astete H, Elson WH, Vazquez-Prokopec GM, Scott TW, Morrison AC, Reiner Jr. RC, Perkins TA. Optimizing the deployment of ultra-low volume and targeted indoor residual spraying for dengue outbreak response. PLoS Comput Biol 2020; 16:e1007743. [PMID: 32310958 PMCID: PMC7200023 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1007743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent years have seen rising incidence of dengue and large outbreaks of Zika and chikungunya, which are all caused by viruses transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. In most settings, the primary intervention against Aedes-transmitted viruses is vector control, such as indoor, ultra-low volume (ULV) spraying. Targeted indoor residual spraying (TIRS) has the potential to more effectively impact Aedes-borne diseases, but its implementation requires careful planning and evaluation. The optimal time to deploy these interventions and their relative epidemiological effects are, however, not well understood. We used an agent-based model of dengue virus transmission calibrated to data from Iquitos, Peru to assess the epidemiological effects of these interventions under differing strategies for deploying them. Specifically, we compared strategies where spray application was initiated when incidence rose above a threshold based on incidence in recent years to strategies where spraying occurred at the same time(s) each year. In the absence of spraying, the model predicted 361,000 infections [inter-quartile range (IQR): 347,000-383,000] in the period 2000-2010. The ULV strategy with the fewest median infections was spraying twice yearly, in March and October, which led to a median of 172,000 infections [IQR: 158,000-183,000], a 52% reduction from baseline. Compared to spraying once yearly in September, the best threshold-based strategy utilizing ULV had fewer median infections (254,000 vs. 261,000), but required more spraying (351 vs. 274 days). For TIRS, the best strategy was threshold-based, which led to the fewest infections of all strategies tested (9,900; [IQR: 8,720-11,400], a 94% reduction), and required fewer days spraying than the equivalent ULV strategy (280). Although spraying twice each year is likely to avert the most infections, our results indicate that a threshold-based strategy can become an alternative to better balance the translation of spraying effort into impact, particularly if used with a residual insecticide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean M. Cavany
- Department of Biological Sciences & Eck Institute of Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Guido España
- Department of Biological Sciences & Eck Institute of Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Alun L. Lloyd
- Department of Mathematics & Biomathematics Graduate Program, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Lance A. Waller
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Uriel Kitron
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | | | - William H. Elson
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | | | - Thomas W. Scott
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Amy C. Morrison
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Robert C. Reiner Jr.
- Institute of Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - T. Alex Perkins
- Department of Biological Sciences & Eck Institute of Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America
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