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Carvalho JFD, Ferner CAB. Nutraceuticals improved physical performance in an ankylosing spondylitis patient reaching 200km of cycling per week. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2022; 49:187-190. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2022.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Serajian A, Nourshahi M, LaVoy E, Eliaspour D, Rajabi H, Kondalaji RZ. Effect of a 4-week fish oil supplementation on neuromuscular performance after exhaustive exercise in young healthy men. COMPARATIVE EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.3920/cep200011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Neuromuscular function is one of the important factors affecting athletic performance. Previous studies have shown that fish oil supplementation can improve performance. This study investigated the effect of fish oil on neuromuscular performance after exhausting exercise. Eighteen healthy men (mean ± standard deviation; age 26.9±2.6 years; weight 78.33±10.42 kg; height 175.8±4.9 cm; body fat percentage 18.40±5.46%) voluntarily participated and were randomly assigned to fish and corn oil groups in a double blind manner. Participants received 6 g/day of oil for 4 weeks, while maintaining baseline diet and training status during the study. Changes in maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) of the tibialis anterior muscle, neuromuscular propagation of tibialis anterior muscle (M-wave), corticospinal excitability (MEP: motor evoked potential), and the rate of perceived exertion (RPE) were evaluated before and after supplementation in response to a modified Bruce exhausting protocol. Group differences in changes in each variable following supplementation were assessed by two-way analysis of variances (ANOVA). Compared to corn oil, fish oil demonstrated less perceived exertion at the end of exhaustive exercise (F=9.72, P=0.001) after supplementation, and normalised MEP to M-wave showed a trend (F=3.83, P=0.071). However, M-wave peak to peak amplitudes changes were not significant between the groups (P>0.05). In addition, significant differences were observed between baseline MVC values of the group following supplementation. Thus, it seems that fish oil can improve corticospinal excitability, thereby improving neuromuscular function in exhausting activities. Therefore, fish oil supplementation may be recommended to increase performance in activities otherwise limited. However, the mechanism underlying this effect remains to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Serajian
- Department of Exercise physiology, Shahid-Beheshti University, Tehran, 19839-63112, Iran
| | - M. Nourshahi
- Department of Exercise physiology, Shahid-Beheshti University, Tehran, 19839-63112, Iran
| | - E. LaVoy
- Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, 3875 Holman St., Houston, TX 77204-6015, USA
| | - D. Eliaspour
- Department of physical medicine and rehabilitation, Shahid-Beheshti university of medical sciences, Tehran, 1989934147, Iran
| | - H. Rajabi
- Department of exercise physiology, Kharazmi University, Tehran, 37551-31979, Iran
| | - R. Zekri Kondalaji
- Department of exercise physiology, Tabriz University, 29 Bahman Boulevard, Tabriz, 5166616471, Iran
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Omega-3 Fatty Acids for Sport Performance-Are They Equally Beneficial for Athletes and Amateurs? A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12123712. [PMID: 33266318 PMCID: PMC7760705 DOI: 10.3390/nu12123712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Omega-3 fatty acids, specifically eicosapentanoic acid (EPA, 20:5n-3) and docosahexanoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) are receiving increasing attention in sports nutrition. While the usual focus is that of athletes, questions remain if the different training status between athletes and amateurs influences the response to EPA/DHA, and as to whether amateurs would benefit from EPA/DHA supplementation. We critically examine the efficacy of EPA/DHA on performance, recovery and injury/reduced risk of illness in athletes as well as amateurs. Relevant studies conducted in amateurs will not only broaden the body of evidence but shed more light on the effects of EPA/DHA in professionally trained vs. amateur populations. Overall, studies of EPA/DHA supplementation in sport performance are few and research designs rather diverse. Several studies suggest a potentially beneficial effect of EPA/DHA on performance by improved endurance capacity and delayed onset of muscle soreness, as well as on markers related to enhanced recovery and immune modulation. The majority of these studies are conducted in amateurs. While the evidence seems to broadly support beneficial effects of EPA/DHA supplementation for athletes and more so in amateurs, strong conclusions and clear recommendations about the use of EPA/DHA supplementation are currently hampered by inconsistent translation into clinical endpoints.
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Sutikno LA, Lee GH, Harwanto D, Choi JS, Hong YK. The ethanol extract from the rhodophyta Gloiopeltis furcata and its active ingredient docosahexaenoic acid improve exercise performance in mice. J Food Biochem 2019; 43:e12980. [PMID: 31489659 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The effectiveness of natural bioresources at enhancing exercise performance is of interest to those in sports and health care. The use of 29 common seaweed species as supplements to enhance exercise performance and the recovery from physical fatigue was evaluated. The ethanol extract of the red seaweed Gloiopeltis furcata (GFE) had the greatest effect on forelimb grip strength and swimming endurance in mice. The optimal daily dose of GFE was 0.1 mg per 10 μl per g of body weight. GFE significantly increased muscle mass but had little effect on body weight and fatty deposits. The extract also significantly raised the blood superoxide dismutase and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, while reducing the lactate and urea levels (p < 0.05). Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) from GFE made the greatest contribution to improving physical exercise performance. These results support the use of GFE and DHA in health food products for enhancing physical performance. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The study shows the exercise enhancement and anti-fatigue activities of GFE using the forelimb grip strength test, forced swimming endurance test, muscle mass measurement, and blood biochemical parameters. These results support the use of GFE and its active constituent DHA in functional foods or nutraceuticals for enhancing physical performance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gong-Hyeon Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Dicky Harwanto
- Department of Biotechnology, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea.,Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Jae-Suk Choi
- Division of Bioindustry, Silla University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Ki Hong
- Department of Biotechnology, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
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López-Román FJ, Ávila-Gandía V, Contreras-Fernández CJ, Luque-Rubia AJ, Villegas-García JA. Effect of docosahexaenoic acid supplementation on differences of endurance exercise performance in competitive and non-competitive male cyclists. GAZZETTA MEDICA ITALIANA ARCHIVIO PER LE SCIENZE MEDICHE 2019. [DOI: 10.23736/s0393-3660.18.03860-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Chorner Z, Barbeau PA, Castellani L, Wright DC, Chabowski A, Holloway GP. Dietary α-linolenic acid supplementation alters skeletal muscle plasma membrane lipid composition, sarcolemmal FAT/CD36 abundance, and palmitate transport rates. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2016; 311:R1234-R1242. [PMID: 27806984 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00346.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The cellular processes influenced by consuming polyunsaturated fatty acids remains poorly defined. Within skeletal muscle, a rate-limiting step in fatty acid oxidation is the movement of lipids across the sarcolemmal membrane, and therefore, we aimed to determine the effects of consuming flaxseed oil high in α-linolenic acid (ALA), on plasma membrane lipid composition and the capacity to transport palmitate. Rats fed a diet supplemented with ALA (10%) displayed marked increases in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) within whole muscle and sarcolemmal membranes (approximately five-fold), at the apparent expense of arachidonic acid (-50%). These changes coincided with increased sarcolemmal palmitate transport rates (+20%), plasma membrane fatty acid translocase (FAT/CD36; +20%) abundance, skeletal muscle triacylglycerol content (approximately twofold), and rates of whole body fat oxidation (~50%). The redistribution of FAT/CD36 to the plasma membrane could not be explained by increased phosphorylation of signaling pathways implicated in regulating FAT/CD36 trafficking events (i.e., phosphorylation of ERK1/2, CaMKII, AMPK, and Akt), suggesting the increased n-3 PUFA composition of the plasma membrane influenced FAT/CD36 accumulation. Altogether, the present data provide evidence that a diet supplemented with ALA increases the transport of lipids into resting skeletal muscle in conjunction with increased sarcolemmal n-3 PUFA and FAT/CD36 contents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zane Chorner
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Pierre-Andre Barbeau
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Laura Castellani
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - David C Wright
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Adrian Chabowski
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Graham P Holloway
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada; and
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Logan SL, Spriet LL. Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation for 12 Weeks Increases Resting and Exercise Metabolic Rate in Healthy Community-Dwelling Older Females. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144828. [PMID: 26679702 PMCID: PMC4682991 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Critical among the changes that occur with aging are decreases in muscle mass and metabolic rate and an increase in fat mass. These changes may predispose older adults to chronic disease and functional impairment; ultimately resulting in a decrease in the quality of life. Research has suggested that long chain omega-3 fatty acids, found predominantly in fatty fish, may assist in reducing these changes. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of fish oil (FO) supplementation in a cohort of healthy, community-dwelling older females on 1) metabolic rate and substrate oxidation at rest and during exercise; 2) resting blood pressure and resting and exercise heart rates; 3) body composition; 4) strength and physical function, and; 5) blood measures of insulin, glucose, c-reactive protein, and triglycerides. Twenty-four females (66 ± 1 yr) were recruited and randomly assigned to receive either 3g/d of EPA and DHA or a placebo (PL, olive oil) for 12 wk. Exercise measurements were taken before and after 12 wk of supplementation and resting metabolic measures were made before and at 6 and 12 wk of supplementation. The results demonstrated that FO supplementation significantly increased resting metabolic rate by 14%, energy expenditure during exercise by 10%, and the rate of fat oxidation during rest by 19% and during exercise by 27%. In addition, FO consumption lowered triglyceride levels by 29% and increased lean mass by 4% and functional capacity by 7%, while no changes occurred in the PL group. In conclusion, FO may be a strategy to improve age-related physical and metabolic changes in healthy older females. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01734538.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha L. Logan
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, 50 Stone Road East, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - Lawrence L. Spriet
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, 50 Stone Road East, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
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Morato PN, Rodrigues JB, Moura CS, e Silva FGD, Esmerino EA, Cruz AG, Bolini HMA, Amaya-Farfan J, Lollo PCB. Omega-3 enriched chocolate milk: A functional drink to improve health during exhaustive exercise. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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Schmidt S, Stahl F, Mutz KO, Scheper T, Hahn A, Schuchardt JP. Transcriptome-based identification of antioxidative gene expression after fish oil supplementation in normo- and dyslipidemic men. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2012; 9:45. [PMID: 22621246 PMCID: PMC3408332 DOI: 10.1186/1743-7075-9-45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2012] [Accepted: 05/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The beneficial effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs), especially in dyslipidemic subjects with a high risk of cardiovascular disease, are widely described in the literature. A lot of effects of n-3 PUFAs and their oxidized metabolites are triggered by regulating the expression of genes. Currently, it is uncertain if the administration of n-3 PUFAs results in different expression changes of genes related to antioxidative mechanisms in normo- and dyslipidemic subjects, which may partly explain their cardioprotective effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of n-3 PUFA supplementation on expression changes of genes involved in oxidative processes. Methods Ten normo- and ten dyslipidemic men were supplemented for twelve weeks with fish oil capsules, providing 1.14 g docosahexaenoic acid and 1.56 g eicosapentaenoic acid. Gene expression levels were determined by whole genome microarray analysis and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Results Using microarrays, we discovered an increased expression of antioxidative enzymes and a decreased expression of pro-oxidative and tissue enzymes, such as cytochrome P450 enzymes and matrix metalloproteinases, in both normo- and dyslipidemic men. An up-regulation of catalase and heme oxigenase 2 in both normo- and dyslipidemic subjects and an up-regulation of cytochrome P450 enzyme 1A2 only in dyslipidemic subjects could be observed by qRT-PCR analysis. Conclusions Supplementation of normo- and dyslipidemic subjects with n-3 PUFAs changed the expression of genes related to oxidative processes, which may suggest antioxidative and potential cardioprotective effects of n-3 PUFAs. Further studies combining genetic and metabolic endpoints are needed to verify the regulative effects of n-3 PUFAs in antioxidative gene expression to better understand their beneficial effects in health and disease prevention. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov (ID: NCT01089231)
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Schmidt
- Faculty of Natural Sciences at the Leibniz University of Hannover, Institute of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Am Kleinen Felde 30, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - Frank Stahl
- Faculty of Natural Sciences at the Leibniz University of Hannover, Institute of Technical Chemistry, Callinstr 5, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - Kai-Oliver Mutz
- Faculty of Natural Sciences at the Leibniz University of Hannover, Institute of Technical Chemistry, Callinstr 5, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Scheper
- Faculty of Natural Sciences at the Leibniz University of Hannover, Institute of Technical Chemistry, Callinstr 5, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - Andreas Hahn
- Faculty of Natural Sciences at the Leibniz University of Hannover, Institute of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Am Kleinen Felde 30, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jan Philipp Schuchardt
- Faculty of Natural Sciences at the Leibniz University of Hannover, Institute of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Am Kleinen Felde 30, 30167, Hannover, Germany
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Filaire E, Massart A, Rouveix M, Portier H, Rosado F, Durand D. Effects of 6 weeks of n-3 fatty acids and antioxidant mixture on lipid peroxidation at rest and postexercise. Eur J Appl Physiol 2011; 111:1829-39. [PMID: 21222131 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-010-1807-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2010] [Accepted: 12/23/2010] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this randomized study was to measure the influence of 6 weeks of LCPUFA (600 mg EPA and 400 mg DHA per day) supplementation alone or in association with 30 mg vitamin E, 60 mg vitamin C and 6 mg β-carotene on resting and exercise-induced lipid peroxidation in judoists (n = 36). Blood samples were collected at rest before (T (1)) and after the supplementation period, in preexercise (T (2)) and postexercise (T (3)) conditions, for analysis of α-tocopherol, retinol, lag phase (Lp) before free radical-induced oxidation, maximum rate of oxidation (R (max)) during the propagating chain reaction, maximum amount of conjugated dienes (CD(max)) accumulated after the propagation phase, and nitric oxide, malondialdehyde and lipoperoxide (POOL) concentrations. Dietary data were collected using a 7-day diet record. There were no significant differences among treatment groups with respect to habitual intakes of energy from fat, carbohydrate, or protein. At T (1), there were no significant differences among treatment groups with respect to lipid peroxidation, lag phase, and levels of α-tocopherol or retinol. The consumption of an n-3 LC PUFA supplement increased oxidative stress at rest and did not attenuate the exercise-induced oxidative stress. The addition of antioxidants did not prevent the formation of oxidation products at rest. On the contrary, it seems that the combination of antioxidants added to the n-3 LCPUFA supplement led to a decrease in, CD(max), R (max), and POOL and MDA concentrations after a judo training session.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Filaire
- Laboratoire CTI Inserm 658, UFRSTAPS, 2 allée du Château, BP 6237, 45062, Orléans Cedex, France.
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