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Zhang YY, Li YJ, Xue CD, Li S, Gao ZN, Qin KR. Effects of T2DM on cancer progression: pivotal precipitating factors and underlying mechanisms. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1396022. [PMID: 39290325 PMCID: PMC11405243 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1396022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder affecting people worldwide. It is characterized by several key features, including hyperinsulinemia, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and dysbiosis. Epidemiologic studies have shown that T2DM is closely associated with the development and progression of cancer. T2DM-related hyperinsulinemia, hyperglycemia, and hyperlipidemia contribute to cancer progression through complex signaling pathways. These factors increase drug resistance, apoptosis resistance, and the migration, invasion, and proliferation of cancer cells. Here, we will focus on the role of hyperinsulinemia, hyperglycemia, and hyperlipidemia associated with T2DM in cancer development. Additionally, we will elucidate the potential molecular mechanisms underlying their effects on cancer progression. We aim to identify potential therapeutic targets for T2DM-related malignancies and explore relevant directions for future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Yuan Zhang
- Institute of Cardio-Cerebrovascular Medicine, Central Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, China
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Yong-Jiang Li
- Institute of Cardio-Cerebrovascular Medicine, Central Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, China
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Chun-Dong Xue
- Institute of Cardio-Cerebrovascular Medicine, Central Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, China
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Shen Li
- Institute of Cardio-Cerebrovascular Medicine, Central Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Zheng-Nan Gao
- Institute of Cardio-Cerebrovascular Medicine, Central Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Kai-Rong Qin
- Institute of Cardio-Cerebrovascular Medicine, Central Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, China
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, China
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Kciuk M, Alam M, Ali N, Rashid S, Głowacka P, Sundaraj R, Celik I, Yahya EB, Dubey A, Zerroug E, Kontek R. Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate Therapeutic Potential in Cancer: Mechanism of Action and Clinical Implications. Molecules 2023; 28:5246. [PMID: 37446908 PMCID: PMC10343677 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28135246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular signaling pathways involved in the maintenance of the equilibrium between cell proliferation and apoptosis have emerged as rational targets that can be exploited in the prevention and treatment of cancer. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is the most abundant phenolic compound found in green tea. It has been shown to regulate multiple crucial cellular signaling pathways, including those mediated by EGFR, JAK-STAT, MAPKs, NF-κB, PI3K-AKT-mTOR, and others. Deregulation of the abovementioned pathways is involved in the pathophysiology of cancer. It has been demonstrated that EGCG may exert anti-proliferative, anti-inflammatory, and apoptosis-inducing effects or induce epigenetic changes. Furthermore, preclinical and clinical studies suggest that EGCG may be used in the treatment of numerous disorders, including cancer. This review aims to summarize the existing knowledge regarding the biological properties of EGCG, especially in the context of cancer treatment and prophylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Kciuk
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Genetics, University of Lodz, Banacha Street 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland; (M.K.); (R.K.)
- Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Lodz, Banacha Street 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
| | - Manzar Alam
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India;
| | - Nemat Ali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Summya Rashid
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 173, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pola Głowacka
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, 90-001 Lodz, Poland;
- Doctoral School of Medical University of Lodz, Hallera 1 Square, 90-700 Lodz, Poland
| | - Rajamanikandan Sundaraj
- Department of Biochemistry, Centre for Drug Discovery, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore 641021, India;
| | - Ismail Celik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38280, Turkey;
| | - Esam Bashir Yahya
- Bioprocess Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia;
| | - Amit Dubey
- Computational Chemistry and Drug Discovery Division, Quanta Calculus, Greater Noida 201310, India;
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Chennai 600077, India
| | - Enfale Zerroug
- LMCE Laboratory, Group of Computational and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Biskra, Biskra 07000, Algeria;
| | - Renata Kontek
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Genetics, University of Lodz, Banacha Street 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland; (M.K.); (R.K.)
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3
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Marín V, Burgos V, Pérez R, Maria DA, Pardi P, Paz C. The Potential Role of Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate (EGCG) in Breast Cancer Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10737. [PMID: 37445915 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most diagnosed cancers worldwide, with an incidence of 47.8%. Its treatment includes surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and antibodies giving a mortality of 13.6%. Breast tumor development is driven by a variety of signaling pathways with high heterogeneity of surface receptors, which makes treatment difficult. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is a natural polyphenol isolated as the main component in green tea; it has shown multiple beneficial effects in breast cancer, controlling proliferation, invasion, apoptosis, inflammation, and demethylation of DNA. These properties were proved in vitro and in vivo together with synergistic effects in combination with traditional chemotherapy, increasing the effectiveness of the treatment. This review focuses on the effects of EGCG on the functional capabilities acquired by breast tumor cells during its multistep development, the molecular and signal pathways involved, the synergistic effects in combination with current drugs, and how nanomaterials can improve its bioavailability on breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Marín
- Laboratory of Natural Products & Drug Discovery, Center CEBIM, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile
| | - Viviana Burgos
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Químicas, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Rudecindo Ortega, Temuco 02950, Chile
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomas, Temuco 4780000, Chile
| | - Rebeca Pérez
- Laboratory of Natural Products & Drug Discovery, Center CEBIM, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile
| | | | - Paulo Pardi
- Nucleo de Pesquisas NUPE/ENIAC University Center, Guarulhos 07012-030, Brazil
| | - Cristian Paz
- Laboratory of Natural Products & Drug Discovery, Center CEBIM, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile
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Costa AR, Duarte AC, Costa-Brito AR, Gonçalves I, Santos CRA. Bitter taste signaling in cancer. Life Sci 2023; 315:121363. [PMID: 36610638 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Pharmacoresistance of cancer cells to many drugs used in chemotherapy remains a major challenge for the treatment of cancer. Multidrug resistance transporters, especially ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, are a major cause of cancer drug resistance since they translocate a broad range of drug compounds across the cell membrane, extruding them out of the cells. The regulation of ABC transporters by bitter taste receptors (TAS2Rs), which might be activated by specific bitter tasting compounds, was described in several types of cells/organs, becoming a potential target for cancer therapy. TAS2Rs expression has been reported in many organs and several types of cancer, like breast, ovarian, prostate, and colorectal cancers, where their activation was shown to be involved in various biological actions (cell survival, apoptosis, molecular transport, among others). Moreover, many TAS2Rs' ligands, such as flavonoids and alkaloids, with well-recognized beneficial properties, including several anticancer effects, have been reported as potential adjuvants in cancer therapies. In this review, we discuss the potential therapeutic role of TAS2Rs and bitter tasting compounds in different types of cancer as a possible way to circumvent chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana R Costa
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Ana C Duarte
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal; CPIRN-IPG - Centro de Potencial e Inovação de Recursos Naturais, Instituto Politécnico da Guarda, Guarda, Portugal
| | - Ana R Costa-Brito
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal; Research Unit for Inland Development (UDI), Polytechnic of Guarda, Guarda, Portugal
| | - Isabel Gonçalves
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Cecília R A Santos
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.
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Wu W, Gou H, Xiang B, Geng R, Dong J, Yang X, Chen D, Dai R, Chen L, Liu J. EGCG Enhances the Chemosensitivity of Colorectal Cancer to Irinotecan through GRP78-MediatedEndoplasmic Reticulum Stress. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:7099589. [PMID: 36147440 PMCID: PMC9489388 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7099589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the role of GRP78-mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) in the synergistic inhibition of colorectal cancer by epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) and irinotecan (IRI). Findings showed that EGCG alone or in combination with irinotecan can significantly promote intracellular GRP78 protein expression, reduce mitochondrial membrane potential and intracellular ROS in RKO and HCT 116 cells, and induce cell apoptosis. In addition, glucose regulatory protein 78 kDa (GRP78) is significantly over-expressed in both colorectal cancer (CRC) tumor specimens and mouse xenografts. The inhibition of GRP78 by small interfering RNA led to the decrease of the sensitivity of CRC cells to the drug combination, while the overexpression of it by plasmid significantly increased the apoptosis of cells after the drug combination. The experimental results in the mouse xenografts model showed that the combination of EGCG and irinotecan could inhibit the growth of subcutaneous tumors of HCT116 cells better than the two drugs alone. EGCG can induce GRP78-mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress and enhance the chemo-sensitivity of colorectal cancer cells when coadministered with irinotecan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbing Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Hui Gou
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Bin Xiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ruiman Geng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jingying Dong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiaolong Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Dan Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Patent Examination Cooperation Sichuan Center of the Patent Office, China National Intellectual Property Administration, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Rongyang Dai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Lihong Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ji Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Alam M, Ali S, Ashraf GM, Bilgrami AL, Yadav DK, Hassan MI. Epigallocatechin 3-gallate: From green tea to cancer therapeutics. Food Chem 2022; 379:132135. [PMID: 35063850 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Epigallocatechin 3-gallate (EGCG) possesses various biological functions, including anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory properties. EGCG is an abundant polyphenolic component originating from green tea extract that has exhibited versatile bioactivities in combating several cancers. This review highlights the pharmacological features of EGCG and its therapeutic implications in cancer and other metabolic diseases. It modulates numerous signaling pathways, regulating cells' undesired survival and proliferation, thus imparting strong tumor chemopreventive and therapeutic effects. EGCG initiates cell death through the intrinsic pathway and causes inhibition of EGFR, STAT3, and ERK pathways in several cancers. EGCG alters and inhibits ERK1/2, NF-κB, and Akt-mediated signaling, altering the Bcl-2 family proteins ratio and activating caspases in tumor cells. This review focuses on anti-cancer, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenesis, and apoptotic effects of EGCG. We further highlighted the potential of EGCG in different types of cancer, emphasizing clinical trials formulations that further improve our understanding of the therapeutic management of cancer and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manzar Alam
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Sabeeha Ali
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Ghulam Md Ashraf
- Pre-Clinical Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anwar L Bilgrami
- Deanship of Scientific Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dharmendra Kumar Yadav
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University of Medicine and Science, Hambakmoeiro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon City 21924, South Korea.
| | - Md Imtaiyaz Hassan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India.
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7
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Romano A, Martel F. The Role of EGCG in Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy. Mini Rev Med Chem 2021; 21:883-898. [PMID: 33319659 DOI: 10.2174/1389557520999201211194445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is the most frequent cancer in women. Green tea has been studied for breast cancer chemopreventive and possibly chemotherapeutic effects due to its high content in polyphenolic compounds, including epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG). METHOD This review is based on literature research that included papers registered on the Medline® database. The research was conducted through PubMed, applying the following query: "EGCG"AND "breast cancer". The result was a total of 88 articles in which this review stands on. RESULTS In vitro, EGCG shows antioxidant or pro-oxidant properties, depending on the concentration and exposure time. EGCG blocks cell cycle progression and modulates signaling pathways that affect cell proliferation and differentiation. EGCG also induces apoptosis, negatively modulates different steps involved in metastasis, and targets angiogenesis by inhibiting VEGF transcription. In vivo investigations have shown that oral administration of EGCG results in the reduction of tumor growth and in antimetastatic and antiangiogenic effects in animal xenograft and allograft models. DISCUSSION Much remains unknown about the molecular mechanisms involved in the protective effects of EGCG on mammary carcinogenesis. In addition, more studies in vivo are necessary to determine the potential toxicity of EGCG at higher doses and to elucidate its interactions with other drugs. CONCLUSION A protective effect of EGCG has been shown in different experimental models and under different experimental conditions, suggesting clinical implications of EGCG for breast cancer prevention and therapy. The data presented in this review support the importance of further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Romano
- Faculty of Medicine of University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fátima Martel
- Department of Biomedicine-Unit of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine of University of Porto, Porto, Portugal and Instituto de Investigacao e Inovacao em Saude(i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Chandra G, Patel S, Panchal M, Singh DV. S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine Hydrolase: Its Inhibitory Activity Against Plasmodium falciparum and Development of Malaria Drugs. Mini Rev Med Chem 2021; 21:833-846. [PMID: 33342411 DOI: 10.2174/1389557521666201218155321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Parasite Plasmodium falciparum is continuously giving a challenge to human beings by changing itself against most of the antimalarial drugs and its consequences can be seen in the form of a huge number of deaths each year especially in the poor and developing country. Due to its drug resistance ability, new drugs are regularly needed to kill the organism. Many new drugs have been developed based on different mechanisms. One of the potential mechanisms is to hamper protein synthesis by blocking the gene expression. S-Adenosyl-L-homocysteine (SAH) hydrolase is a NAD+ dependent tetrameric enzyme, which is responsible for the reversible hydrolysis of AdoHcy to adenosine and L-homocysteine, has been recognized as a new target for antimalarial agents since the parasite has a specific SAH hydrolase. The inhibition of SAH hydrolase causes the intracellular accumulation of S-Adenosyl-L-homocysteine, elevating the ratio of SAH to S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) and inhibiting SAM-dependent methyltransferase that catalyzes methylation of the capped structure at the 5'-terminus of mRNA, and other methylation reaction which is essential for parasite proliferation. In other words, S-Adenosyl-Lhomocysteine hydrolase regulates methyltransferase reactions. In this way, SAH hydrolase inhibitors can be used for the treatment of different diseases like malaria, cancer, viral infection, etc. by ultimately stopping the synthesis of protein. Many antiviral drugs have been synthesized and marketed which are based on the inhibition of SAH hydrolase. This review summarises the development of SAH inhibitors developed over the last 20 years and their potentiality for the treatment of malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Girish Chandra
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya, Bihar, India
| | - Samridhi Patel
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya, Bihar, India
| | - Manoj Panchal
- Department of Life Science, School of Earth, Biological and Environmental Science, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya, Bihar, India
| | - Durg Vijay Singh
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Earth, Biological and Environmental Science, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya, Bihar, India
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Wei Y, Huang Y, Yang W, Huang Q, Chen Y, Zeng K, Chen J, Chen J. The significances and clinical implications of cholesterol components in human breast cancer. Sci Prog 2021; 104:368504211028395. [PMID: 34510991 PMCID: PMC10450717 DOI: 10.1177/00368504211028395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is one the most common malignancies and leading cause of cancer-related mortality in women. Recent studies suggested that hypercholesterolemia may be the potential modifiable risk factors for breast cancer. Cholesterol was well-known for its strong association with cardiovascular disease for long. Moreover, solid evidence has been provided by different studies to illustrate the correlation between lipid and incidence in multiple cancers. Although the conclusion remains controversial or sometimes contrary, which may be due to the multifactorial nature of the disease and the disparity of ethnic population, it is critical to elucidate the relationship between specific cholesterol components in certain population and the exact underlying mechanism of the lipid-associated signaling pathway in breast cancer. The implications of dysregulated lipoproteins as therapeutic targets or options for breast cancer provide novel strategies for us in combating with this malignant disease, which may be achieved by manipulating lipid levels with pharmacological compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanghui Wei
- Department of Surgery, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yao Huang
- Department of Surgery, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Weiqin Yang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qingnan Huang
- Department of Surgery, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yong Chen
- Department of Surgery, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kai Zeng
- Department of Surgery, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Juan Chen
- Department of Medicine & Rehabilitation, Tung Wah Eastern Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jiawei Chen
- Department of Surgery, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
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Guan X, Liu Z, Zhao Z, Zhang X, Tao S, Yuan B, Zhang J, Wang D, Liu Q, Ding Y. Emerging roles of low-density lipoprotein in the development and treatment of breast cancer. Lipids Health Dis 2019; 18:137. [PMID: 31182104 PMCID: PMC6558919 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-019-1075-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease with increasing incidence and mortality and represents one of the most common cancer types worldwide. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is a complex particle composed of several proteins and lipids, which carries cholesterol into peripheral tissues and also affects the metabolism of fatty acids. Recent reports have indicated an emerging role of LDL in breast cancer, affecting cell proliferation and migration, thereby facilitating disease progression. However, controversy still exists among distinct types of breast cancer that can be affected by LDL. Classical therapeutic approaches, such as radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and lipid-lowering drugs were also reported as affecting LDL metabolism and content in breast cancer patients. Therefore, in this review we summarized and discussed the role of LDL in the development and treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Guan
- Department of Laboratory Animals, College of Animal Sciences, JiLin University in Changchun of Jilin Province in China, Xian Road 5333#, Changchun, 130062 China
| | - Zhuo Liu
- China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130333 China
| | - Zhen Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine-Zhuhai Hospital, Zhuhai, 519015 China
- The 2nd Clinical School of Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120 China
- The 85th Hospital of CPLA, Shanghai, 200040 China
| | - Xuefeng Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118 China
| | - Siteng Tao
- Department of Laboratory Animals, College of Animal Sciences, JiLin University in Changchun of Jilin Province in China, Xian Road 5333#, Changchun, 130062 China
| | - Bao Yuan
- Department of Laboratory Animals, College of Animal Sciences, JiLin University in Changchun of Jilin Province in China, Xian Road 5333#, Changchun, 130062 China
| | - Jiabao Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Animals, College of Animal Sciences, JiLin University in Changchun of Jilin Province in China, Xian Road 5333#, Changchun, 130062 China
| | - Dawei Wang
- The 2nd Clinical School of Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120 China
| | - Qing Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine-Zhuhai Hospital, Zhuhai, 519015 China
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
- The 2nd Clinical School of Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120 China
| | - Yu Ding
- Department of Laboratory Animals, College of Animal Sciences, JiLin University in Changchun of Jilin Province in China, Xian Road 5333#, Changchun, 130062 China
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Molecular Targets of Epigallocatechin-Gallate (EGCG): A Special Focus on Signal Transduction and Cancer. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10121936. [PMID: 30563268 PMCID: PMC6315581 DOI: 10.3390/nu10121936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Green tea is a beverage that is widely consumed worldwide and is believed to exert effects on different diseases, including cancer. The major components of green tea are catechins, a family of polyphenols. Among them, epigallocatechin-gallate (EGCG) is the most abundant and biologically active. EGCG is widely studied for its anti-cancer properties. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms explaining its action have not been completely understood, yet. EGCG is effective in vivo at micromolar concentrations, suggesting that its action is mediated by interaction with specific targets that are involved in the regulation of crucial steps of cell proliferation, survival, and metastatic spread. Recently, several proteins have been identified as EGCG direct interactors. Among them, the trans-membrane receptor 67LR has been identified as a high affinity EGCG receptor. 67LR is a master regulator of many pathways affecting cell proliferation or apoptosis, also regulating cancer stem cells (CSCs) activity. EGCG was also found to be interacting directly with Pin1, TGFR-II, and metalloproteinases (MMPs) (mainly MMP2 and MMP9), which respectively regulate EGCG-dependent inhibition of NF-kB, epithelial-mesenchimal transaction (EMT) and cellular invasion. EGCG interacts with DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs), which modulates epigenetic changes. The bulk of this novel knowledge provides information about the mechanisms of action of EGCG and may explain its onco-suppressive function. The identification of crucial signalling pathways that are related to cancer onset and progression whose master regulators interacts with EGCG may disclose intriguing pharmacological targets, and eventually lead to novel combined treatments in which EGCG acts synergistically with known drugs.
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