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Gao S, Yu D, Assink M, Chan KL, Zhang L, Meng X. The Association Between Child Maltreatment and Pathological Narcissism: A Three-Level Meta-Analytic Review. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2024; 25:275-290. [PMID: 36651026 DOI: 10.1177/15248380221147559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidence has documented the positive association between child maltreatment and both phenotypes of pathological narcissism (i.e., vulnerable and grandiose narcissism). However, results across these studies are inconsistent. Therefore, the present meta-analysis aimed to examine the extent to which child maltreatment is associated with vulnerable and grandiose narcissism, and whether these associations differed by study or sample characteristics. A systematic literature review was conducted in Web of Science, ScienceDirect, PubMed, Google Scholar, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure. Three-level meta-analyses were performed in R to synthesize the effect sizes. A total of 15 studies (N = 9,141 participants) producing 129 effect sizes were included. Results showed that child maltreatment was positively related to both vulnerable narcissism (mean r = .198; p < .001) and grandiose narcissism (mean r = .087; p < .001), but only to a small extent. Further, the association between child maltreatment and vulnerable narcissism was stronger for neglect (r = .278) than for physical abuse (r = .130). The strength of the association between child maltreatment and grandiose narcissism was larger for samples that were on average younger than 18 years (r = .187) than for samples that were on average older than 18 years (r = .068). Also, the strength of the association was stronger for females than for males. Child maltreatment is a risk factor for developing both vulnerable and grandiose narcissism. Interventions targeting pathological narcissism should be aware of potential trauma resulting from victimization of child maltreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Delin Yu
- Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | | | - Ko Ling Chan
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
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Wang P, Xie X, Chen M, Zhang N, Wang W, Ma S, Nie Z, Yao L, Liu Z. Measuring childhood trauma in young adults with depression: A latent profile analysis. Asian J Psychiatr 2023; 80:103387. [PMID: 36525765 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2022.103387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Childhood traumas are important risk factors for depression in young adults. However, the co-occurrence of childhood traumas is complex, and the specific effects of different types of childhood traumas on depression need further exploration. The aim of this study was to assess the co-occurrence of childhood traumas and the impact of different profiles of childhood trauma on depression. A total of 1053 young adults with depression in China participated. PHQ-9, SHAPS, GAD-7, CTQ-SF, and NLES were evaluated. Latent profile analysis (LPA) was conducted to identify profiles of childhood trauma. The effects of different childhood trauma profiles on depression, anxiety, and anhedonia were assessed using stepwise linear regression. LPA suggested three profiles: no or low childhood traumas, moderate childhood trauma with emotional abuse and childhood neglect, and high childhood trauma with high levels of all trauma types. Regression analyses suggested that high levels of emotional abuse and childhood neglect significantly affected anhedonia. Childhood adverse events cluster in young adults with depression, allowing grouping into three distinct profiles. Specific childhood trauma patterns predict anhedonia symptoms in adult depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peilin Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Xinhui Xie
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Mianmian Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Simeng Ma
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Zhaowen Nie
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Lihua Yao
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China.
| | - Zhongchun Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China.
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Wang X, Yu L, Li J. Relationships between childhood maltreatment, attachment security, and features of narcissism: A network analysis. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2022.111890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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van Eickels RL, Tsarpalis-Fragkoulidis A, Zemp M. Family cohesion, shame-proneness, expressive suppression, and adolescent mental health-A path model approach. Front Psychol 2022; 13:921250. [PMID: 35992453 PMCID: PMC9382198 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.921250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The family remains one of the most important relationship systems into early adulthood and provides an important foundation for lifelong mental health. Dysfunctional family cohesion can promote adjustment problems in adolescents and might also affect adolescents' self-concept and strategies for coping with emotional distress. To test these relationships and the underlying mechanisms, we proposed a dual mediation model describing the associations between family cohesion and internalizing and externalizing problems, mediated by shame-proneness and expressive suppression. Methods A sample of 526 German-speaking adolescents aged 14 to 18 years from Austria, Germany, and Switzerland participated in an online self-report survey encompassing questionnaires on family cohesion, shame-proneness, expressive suppression, and psychological problems. We tested a path model to examine the indirect pathways of the associations between family cohesion and internalizing and externalizing problems via shame-proneness and expressive suppression, while controlling for age, gender, and guilt-proneness. Results We found a significant dual mediation of the associations between family cohesion and internalizing and externalizing problems by shame-proneness and expressive suppression. The indirect pathways were all significant, except for the indirect pathway from family cohesion to externalizing problems via shame-proneness. Discussion Our results provide a model for the mechanisms by which disrupted family cohesion can be related to psychological problems in adolescents. Expressive suppression emerged as crucial when considering the consequences of shame-proneness in adolescents, as it was only indirectly related to externalizing problems via expressive suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahel L. van Eickels
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Wu YQ, Liu F, Chan KQ, Wang NX, Zhao S, Sun X, Shen W, Wang ZJ. Childhood psychological maltreatment and internet gaming addiction in Chinese adolescents: Mediation roles of maladaptive emotion regulation strategies and psychosocial problems. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2022; 129:105669. [PMID: 35598385 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2022.105669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Internet gaming addiction (IGA) is a global concern, especially among young children. There have been some suggestions that childhood psychological maltreatment influences the development of IGA, but evidence for this has thus far been lacking. OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to investigate the association between childhood psychological maltreatment and IGA in adolescents and the mediation roles of maladaptive emotion regulation strategies and psychosocial problems (depression and social anxiety). METHODS This study recruited 1280 (girls = 690) middle school students with a mean age of 16.09 ± 0.98 years old. All participants undertook a standardized assessment of childhood psychological maltreatment, maladaptive emotion regulation strategies, psychosocial problems (depression and social anxiety), and IGA. RESULTS We examined whether the effect of childhood psychological maltreatment on IGA was mediated by maladaptive emotion regulation strategies and psychosocial problems (depression and social anxiety). Both parallel and sequential mediation analysis showed that maladaptive emotion regulation strategies and depression mediated the relationship between childhood psychological maltreatment and IGA. CONCLUSIONS Childhood psychological maltreatment is positively associated with IGA in adolescents. Maladaptive emotion regulation strategies and depression both significantly mediated the relationship between childhood psychological maltreatment and IGA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Qing Wu
- Department of Psychology, Ningbo University, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Psychology, Ningbo University, China
| | - Kai Qin Chan
- Department of Psychology, James Cook University, Singapore
| | | | - Shu Zhao
- Department of Psychology, Ningbo University, China
| | - Xin Sun
- Department of Psychology, Ningbo University, China
| | - Wangbing Shen
- School of Public Administration, Hohai University, China
| | - Zuo-Jun Wang
- Department of Psychology, Ningbo University, China; School of Public Administration, Hohai University, China.
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Grummitt LR, Kelly EV, Barrett EL, Lawler S, Prior K, Stapinski LA, Newton NC. Associations of childhood emotional and physical neglect with mental health and substance use in young adults. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2022; 56:365-375. [PMID: 34250829 DOI: 10.1177/00048674211025691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood neglect is a risk factor for subsequent mental health problems. However, research on the unique contribution of emotional and physical subtypes of neglect is lacking. Importantly, if emotional and physical neglect have different impacts on mental health, they must be examined separately to understand how to prevent and treat their effects. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine associations of emotional and physical neglect with depression, anxiety, stress, alcohol and drug use in 18- to 20-year-olds. METHODS Participants (N = 569, mean age = 18.9, 70% female) responded in an online survey to questions on childhood emotional and physical neglect, childhood abuse, symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress, and alcohol and drug use and problems. Procedures were approved by the University of Sydney Human Ethics Committee. Hierarchical linear regressions were performed, controlling for socio-demographic characteristics and other adverse childhood experiences. RESULTS Combined neglect was associated with depression (B = 2.895, p < 0.001), anxiety (B = 1.572, p = 0.003) and stress (B = 1.781, p = 0.001). However, a second model entering emotional and physical neglect as separate exposures revealed emotional neglect was driving this association with depression (B = 2.884, p < 0.001), anxiety (B = 1.627, p = 0.001) and stress (B = 1.776, p = 0.001), and that physical neglect was not associated with any outcome. Neither emotional nor physical neglect were associated with alcohol or drug use. CONCLUSION Emotional neglect is a risk factor for mental health problems in early adulthood. Research that combines emotional and physical neglect into a single exposure may be obscuring relationships with mental health. Mental health prevention and treatment must screen for, and address, emotional neglect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucinda Rachel Grummitt
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence PREMISE, The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Erin Veronica Kelly
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence PREMISE, The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Emma Louise Barrett
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence PREMISE, The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Siobhan Lawler
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence PREMISE, The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Katrina Prior
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence PREMISE, The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Lexine A Stapinski
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence PREMISE, The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nicola Clare Newton
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence PREMISE, The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Salzmann S, Salzmann-Djufri M, Euteneuer F. Childhood Emotional Neglect and Cardiovascular Disease: A Narrative Review. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:815508. [PMID: 35198614 PMCID: PMC8858943 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.815508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychosocial factors predict the incidence and progression of cardiovascular disease (CVD). There is accumulating evidence for the importance of childhood maltreatment for the development and progression of both CVD-related risk factors and CVD. However, past research has predominantly focused on active forms of childhood maltreatment such as emotional abuse, physical abuse, and sexual abuse. At the same time, childhood neglect as a relatively silent form of childhood maltreatment received less attention. Childhood emotional neglect is the most common form of neglect. This narrative review summarizes findings on the association between childhood emotional neglect and CVD and potential underlying mechanisms. These mechanisms may involve biological factors (i.e., elevated inflammation, autonomic dysregulation, dysregulated HPA axis, and altered brain development), psychological variables and mental health (i.e., depression and anxiety), and health behaviors (i.e., eating behavior, smoking, drug use, physical activity) and interpersonal aspects. Evidence suggests that emotional neglect is associated with CVD and CVD risk factors such as obesity, diabetes, inflammation, a dysregulated stress system, altered brain development, depression and other psychological abnormalities (i.e., emotion-regulation difficulties), interpersonal difficulties, and lack of health behaviors. Specific subtypes of childhood maltreatment may be associated with CVD via different mechanisms. This review further encompasses clinical suggestions, identifies research gaps, and has implications for future studies. However, more research with better study designs is desperately needed to identify the exact underlying mechanisms and opportunities for mitigating the negative health consequences of emotional neglect to reduce the prevalence and progression of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Salzmann
- Division of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Stefan Salzmann
| | | | - Frank Euteneuer
- Department of Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Medical School Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Wang P, Zhang N, Ma S, Kang L, Wang W, Zong X, Bai H, Li R, Liu Z. Dysfunctional Attitudes Mediate the Relationship Between Childhood Emotional Neglect and Anhedonia in Young Adult Major Depression Patients. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:791230. [PMID: 35153876 PMCID: PMC8829348 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.791230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood traumas are well-established risk factors for major depressive disorder (MDD). However, the relationship between childhood traumas types and MDD symptoms is unclear. The present study tested the hypothesis that childhood traumas affect specific types of anhedonia in depression and the mediating role of dysfunctional attitude. METHODS Within this cross-sectional study, 310 young adult patients with MDD completed the PHQ-9, CTQ-SF, DAS, and SHAPS. The statistical analyses used the Mann-Whitney U test, Spearman's rank correlation, and multiple regression analysis. Mediation analyses were tested by the structural equation model (SEM). RESULTS Spearman's rank correlation analysis showed positive correlations between the SHAPS, CTQ-SF, and DAS total score (p < 0.05). The EA, EN, PN, and SHAPS scores were positively correlated (p < 0.05). Among the four factors of anhedonia, social interaction and interest/pastimes were positively correlated with EA, EN, and PN (p < 0.05), the sensory experience was positively correlated with EN (p < 0.01), and diet did not correlate with childhood traumas. Stepwise regression analysis showed that dysfunctional attitude and emotional neglect were the main influencing factors of sensory experience (p < 0.001) and social interaction (p < 0.001). Dysfunctional attitude and physical neglect were the main factors influencing interest/pastimes (p < 0.001). SEM analysis found that dysfunctional mediated between childhood traumas and anhedonia. CONCLUSIONS The degree of anhedonia was related to dysfunctional attitudes and childhood traumas. The childhood emotional neglect experience was the most important and was related to sensory and social anhedonia. Dysfunctional attitudes played a mediating role between childhood neglect and anhedonia. Early psychotherapy targeting young adult MDD patients with childhood emotional neglect may help decrease symptoms of anhedonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peilin Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Simeng Ma
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lijun Kang
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaofen Zong
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hanping Bai
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ruiting Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhongchun Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Kealy D, Woolgar S, Hewitt JMA. Investigating pathological narcissism and loneliness, and the link with life satisfaction. Scand J Psychol 2021; 63:32-38. [PMID: 34524693 DOI: 10.1111/sjop.12773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Loneliness is a significant health concern that may be influenced by dispositional features. Pathological narcissism may elevate loneliness through aversive interpersonal behaviors and negative social appraisals. The present study examined two dimensions of pathological narcissism, along with five-factor personality traits, in relation to loneliness among 120 young adults. Loneliness was also examined as a mediator between pathological narcissism and satisfaction with life. Narcissistic grandiosity and narcissistic vulnerability were both significantly associated with loneliness. Multiple regression analysis, including five-factor traits, revealed narcissistic vulnerability to be uniquely associated with loneliness, along with neuroticism. Mediation analysis also found an indirect effect of narcissistic vulnerability on reduced satisfaction with life, through loneliness as a mediator. These preliminary findings point to future research needs and potential clinical consideration of narcissistic vulnerability as a dispositional risk factor for loneliness.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Kealy
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Sarah Woolgar
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,Counselling Psychology Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Jackson M A Hewitt
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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Dysfunctional individuation in the clinic: associations with distress and early parental responsiveness. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-01736-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Kealy D, Hewitt PL, Cox DW, Laverdière O. Narcissistic vulnerability and the need for belonging: Moderated mediation from perceived parental responsiveness to depressive symptoms. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-01644-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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