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Li H, Peng F, Lyu S, Ji Z, Li Y. Study on Two Typical Progressive Motions in Tai Chi (Bafa Wubu) Promoting Lower Extremity Exercise. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:2264. [PMID: 36767630 PMCID: PMC9915851 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND By comparatively investigating the joints, muscles and bones of the lower extremity during two progressive motions in Bafa Wubu and normal walking, this paper aims to enrich the diversity of walking exercise and scientifically provide theoretical guidance for primary practitioners. The scientific training methods and technical characteristics of Bafa Wubu, as well as its contribution to comprehensive exercise of the lower extremities, are further explored. METHODS A total of eight professional athletes of Tai Chi at the national level were recruited. The kinetic parameters of the lower extremity were calculated using AnyBody 7.2 musculoskeletal modeling. Stress analysis of the iliac bone was performed using an ANSYS 19.2 workbench. RESULTS In Bafa Wubu, the ground reaction force during two progressive motions was significantly smaller than that noted during normal walking. During warding off with steps forward and laying with steps forward, the load at the three joints of the lower extremity was significantly smaller than that during normal walking in the frontal plane, but significantly greater than that noted during normal walking in the vertical axis. In addition, the lower limb joint torque was higher than that of normal walking in both progressive movements, and lower limb muscle activation was higher. The iliac bone loads during the two progressive motions were larger than those during normal walking, and the maximum loading point differed. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to demonstrate the biomechanical performance of Bafa Wubu in professional athletes of Tai Chi. Two progressive motions of Bafa Wubu require the lower extremity to be slowly controlled, thereby resulting in a smaller ground reaction force. In addition, the loads of the three joints at the lower extremity all increase in the vertical direction and decrease in the lateral direction, reducing the possibility of lateral injury to the joints. In addition, the two progressive motions significantly enhance the muscle strength of the plantar flexion muscles, dorsiflexor, and muscles around the thigh, and effectively stimulate the bones of the lower extremity. Therefore, progressive motion training contributes to improving the controlling and supporting capabilities of the lower extremities during normal walking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haojie Li
- School of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Fang Peng
- Department of Physical Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shaojun Lyu
- School of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Zhongqiu Ji
- School of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yameng Li
- School of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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Chen PJ, Penn IW, Wei SH, Chuang LR, Sung WH. Augmented reality-assisted training with selected Tai-Chi movements improves balance control and increases lower limb muscle strength in older adults: A prospective randomized trial. J Exerc Sci Fit 2020; 18:142-147. [PMID: 32514277 PMCID: PMC7265060 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesf.2020.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tai-Chi benefits older adults by enhancing balance control and increasing the muscle strength of the lower limbs. However, a complete set of traditional Tai-Chi exercises is sometimes too difficult for beginners. We investigated whether practicing augmented reality-assisted training with selected Tai-Chi movements tailored to the practitioner’s ability (selected Tai-Chi, or sTC) is as effective as performing a complete set of Tai-Chi sequences (complete traditional Tai-Chi, or tTC). Methods In this prospective randomized trial carried out in the Beitou District of Taipei City, Taiwan, community-dwelling adults aged ≥65 and without any debilitating diseases (n = 28) were included. Participants were randomly assigned to the sTC group (n = 14) or the tTC group (n = 14). Participants in the sTC group practiced selected Tai-Chi movements using the augmented reality Tai-Chi training system. Participants of the tTC group were asked to complete the 24-form Yang-style Tai-Chi following the instructions of Tai-Chi masters. Each training session lasted 30 min, with 3 sessions per week for 8 weeks. Pre- and post-intervention evaluations included functional balance tests, comprising the Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Timed Up and Go test (TUG), and Functional Reach Test (FRT), as well as muscle strength measurements of the lower extremities. Results Pre-intervention evaluations showed significant differences in FRT (p = 0.034) and left hip abductor muscle strength (p = 0.046) between the sTC and tTC groups. After 8 weeks of training, the BBS, TUG, and FRT scores in the sTC group showed significant improvement overall. Although all three functional balance test scores improved in the tTC group, only the improvement in BBS was statistically significant (p = 0.001). After 8 weeks, all muscle strength measurements increased by an average of 3.1 ± 1.0 kgw in the sTC group and 1.6 ± 0.8 kgw in the tTC group. Conclusions The augmented reality-assisted training with selected Tai-Chi movements, designed based on objective measurements of the practitioner’s capability, improved balance control and muscle strength of lower limbs at least as effectively as the complete sequence of traditional Tai-Chi exercises. Trial registration This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of National Yang-Ming University (IRB number: 1000087). Written informed consent was obtained from all participants.
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Key Words
- Augmented reality-assisted training
- Berg Balance Scale, BBS
- Exercise
- Functional Reach Test, FRT
- Functional balance
- Muscle strength
- Tai-Chi
- Timed Up and Go test, TUG
- augmented reality, AR
- base of support, BOS
- center of pressure, COP
- complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor, CMOS
- electromyography, EMG
- selected Tai-Chi, sTC
- traditional Tai-Chi, tTC
- virtual reality, VR
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Jung Chen
- Department of Physical Therapy and Assistive Technology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan
| | - I-Wen Penn
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, 24205, Taiwan.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, 24352, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Hwa Wei
- Department of Physical Therapy and Assistive Technology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan
| | - Long-Ren Chuang
- Department of Chinese Martial Arts, Chinese Culture University, Taipei, 11114, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hsu Sung
- Department of Physical Therapy and Assistive Technology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan
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Ye J, Simpson MW, Liu Y, Lin W, Zhong W, Cai S, Zou L. The Effects of Baduanjin Qigong on Postural Stability, Proprioception, and Symptoms of Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 6:307. [PMID: 31998728 PMCID: PMC6966958 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2019.00307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Knee osteoarthritis is a common disease affecting a large number of old individuals worldwide. This study aimed to explore the effects of Baduanjin Qigong in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Methods: Fifty participants with knee osteoarthritis were randomly assigned to either an experimental group (n = 25) or a control group (n = 25). Participants in the experimental group received Baduanjin Qigong training for 12 weeks, with three sessions per week lasting 40 min per session. Participants in the control group did not receive any additional physical training. All of participants completed outcome (proprioception, postural stability, and functional ability) assessments at three time points (baseline, Week 8, 12). Results: Proprioception and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index function were statistically improved at eighth and 12th week of the intervention in the Baduanjin Qigong group (p < 0.05), while the control group did not have any significant changes. For postural stability at the anterior-posterior direction with eyes closed, Baduanjin Qigong group showed significant improvement compared to controls after the 12 weeks of intervention (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Regular Baduanjin Qigong practice helped the improvement of knee joint proprioception and postural stability, and reduction of pain, stiffness, and functional impairments of old adults with knee osteoarthritis. Well-designed randomized controlled trials with long-term assessment are needed. The trial was registered in Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR-IOR-16010042). URL: http://www.chictr.org.cn/hvshowproject.aspx?id=10550.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Ye
- Department of Rehabilitation Assessment, Rehabilitation Hospital Affiliated to Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Michael William Simpson
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Kinesiology and Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, United States
| | - Wei Lin
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Weihong Zhong
- Department of Rehabilitation Assessment, Rehabilitation Hospital Affiliated to Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shuhe Cai
- Department of Orthopaedic Rehabilitation, Rehabilitation Hospital Affiliated to Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Provincial Rehabilitation Industrial Institution, Fuzhou, China
| | - Liye Zou
- Exercise and Mental Health Laboratory, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Affective and Social Cognitive Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the study was to assess the feasibility, safety, and preliminary estimates of effectiveness of Tai Chi on functional outcomes in stroke survivors. DESIGN A mixed-method study with a single-group repeated-measure design and in-depth interviews. METHODS Fourteen stroke survivors with hemiplegia were recruited to participate in a Tai Chi program, twice weekly for 12 months. Outcomes included physical function, self-efficacy, and activity of daily living measured at 3-month intervals for 12 months. FINDINGS Ten participants (mean age, 68.5 years) completed all assessments with significantly improved balance (χ = 14.08, p = .007), flexibility (χ = 11.70, p = .020), and self-efficacy (χ = 21.84, p < .001) over 12 months. Qualitative results highlighted the positive impact on physical improvement, psychological well-being, social support, and improved confidence in performing activities of daily living. CONCLUSION An adapted Tai Chi program was safe, feasible, and well received in community-dwelling stroke survivors. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The Tai Chi-based rehabilitation program shows promise for improving function and balance outcomes related to fall prevention in stroke survivors.
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Penn IW, Sung WH, Lin CH, Chuang E, Chuang TY, Lin PH. Effects of individualized Tai-Chi on balance and lower-limb strength in older adults. BMC Geriatr 2019; 19:235. [PMID: 31455225 PMCID: PMC6712673 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-019-1250-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To investigate whether a simplified and personalized Tai-Chi program could be beneficial for practitioners. A prospective quasi-experimental observer-blinded controlled trial was done in Beitou District of Taipei City. Methods Community-dwelling adults aged 65 and older without debilitating disease (N = 50) participated the study. Those who were willing to participate in exercise program were assigned to individualized Tai-Chi (iTC) group (n = 20), receiving iTC training for 8 weeks, and traditional Tai-Chi (tTC) group (n = 15), receiving tTC training for 8 weeks. Those who were not willing to participate in exercise training were included in the control group (n = 15). Functional balance tests, the Berg Balance Scale (BBS), timed up-and-go (TUG) test, functional-reach test, and measurement of lower-extremity muscle strength were conducted before and 8 weeks after the intervention. Results Significant improvements were noted in all functional balance tests and strength assessments of 16 major lower-limb muscle groups in participants of the iTC group compared to the control group, whereas only BBS and muscle strength of hips and ankles were improved in the tTC group. Practitioners of iTC outperformed tTC in BBS and strength of two major muscles. Conclusions Personalized Tai-Chi training designed based on an objective measurement and conducted according to graded intensity and complexity benefitted practitioners after a short period. Trial registration Trial registration number: ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT03659396, Unique Protocol ID: 1000087 Date of registration: 03/28/2017 The trial was registered retrospectively
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Wen Penn
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, 24205, Taiwan.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, 24352, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hsu Sung
- Department of Physical Therapy and Assistive Technology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hui Lin
- Department of Physical Therapy and Assistive Technology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan
| | - Eric Chuang
- Department of Integrative Biology Alumnus, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Tien-Yow Chuang
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Taipei Veterans General Hospital and National Yang Ming University, Taipei, 11217, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Hsin Lin
- Center for Rehabilitation and Technical Aids, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 11217, Taiwan.
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Sung WH, Liu CC, Wei SH, Chuang LR, Chuang E, Wang KA, Wang JC. Feasibility and outcome of an individualized Tai Chi program for improving balance and strength in the elderly: A pilot study. NeuroRehabilitation 2019; 43:509-518. [DOI: 10.3233/nre-162061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hsu Sung
- Department of Physical Therapy and Assistive Technology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chun Liu
- Department of Physical Therapy and Assistive Technology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Hwa Wei
- Department of Physical Therapy and Assistive Technology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Long-Ren Chuang
- Department of Chinese Martial Arts, Chinese Culture University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Eric Chuang
- Intended B.S. Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Kevin A. Wang
- Department of Surgery, Division of General Surgery, Shin-Kong Memorial Hospital Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Chi Wang
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Taylor E, Taylor-Piliae RE. The effects of Tai Chi on physical and psychosocial function among persons with multiple sclerosis: A systematic review. Complement Ther Med 2017; 31:100-108. [PMID: 28434462 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Conduct a systematic review to evaluate the effects of Tai Chi on physical and psychosocial function among individuals with Multiple Sclerosis. METHODS An electronic literature search of 12 databases using controlled vocabulary function and keywords from inception through August 2016. All Tai Chi intervention studies assessing physical and psychosocial function among persons with Multiple Sclerosis were included. Study quality was scored using an established tool examining 16 study elements (range=0-32). RESULTS A total of 91 articles were retrieved, with 3 additional articles identified through reviewing bibliographies of relevant articles. A total of 8 studies (randomized controlled trials, n=3; quasi-experimental, n=5) enrolled 193 participants with Multiple Sclerosis. Studies were conducted in the USA (n=3), Europe (n=3), Iran, (n=1), and India (n=1). A total of 3 studies reported using the Yang style of Tai Chi (not specified, n=5 studies). The Tai Chi intervention averaged 27 sessions over 11 weeks. Study quality scores for the randomized controlled trials had a mean score of 23 (range 19-26), while quality scores for quasi-experimental studies had a mean score of 20 (range 13-26). Overall, participants enrolled in Tai Chi had better balance, gait and flexibility, less fatigue and depression, and better quality of life after the intervention; though mixed results were reported. CONCLUSION The results indicate that Tai Chi is likely safe and may provide physical and psychosocial benefits in individuals with Multiple Sclerosis. Further research is needed using more rigorous study designs to assess the benefits of Tai Chi for individuals with Multiple Sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Taylor
- College of Nursing, University of Arizona, 1305 N. Martin, PO BOX 210203, Tucson, AZ, 85721-0203, USA.
| | - Ruth E Taylor-Piliae
- College of Nursing, University of Arizona, 1305 N. Martin, PO BOX 210203, Tucson, AZ, 85721-0203, USA.
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LEE LIANHUI, LIN HWAITING, LU CHENGHSIEN, HSIEH LISALICHEN, CHEN SHUNSHENG, CHANG WENNENG, CHANG KUCHOU, LIN TSUKUNG, TSAI NAIWEN. "DIRECTION-ORIENTED MOTION AND BALANCED SHORT-STANCE TAI CHI" MODEL: BIOMECHANICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND PRACTICABILITY. J MECH MED BIOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1142/s021951941550013x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Previous clinical studies on Tai Chi have often randomly adopted Tai Chi movements that are complicated and not systematic for the elderly and beginners to learn. This study aimed to develop a direction-based and easy-to-learn Tai Chi model, the practicability of which was also tested. This model adopted seven typical movements of the Yang-style Tai Chi form that were divided into four motion directions. The biomechanical characteristics, including muscle activation, body center of gravity movement, and center of pressure of the practitioner during Tai Chi were measured to identify the model's characteristics and practicability. After three months of training, the patterns of measured biomechanical characteristics of the beginners were similar to those of the masters. This model maintains the principal features of traditional Tai Chi and allows beginners to more easily practice the movements within a short period of time. Beginners can also use this model under relaxed conditions, with the correct kinesiology of Tai Chi motions, and quickly practice Tai Chi at a level similar to that of masters.
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Affiliation(s)
- LIAN-HUI LEE
- Department of Neurology, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Health Administration, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - HWAI-TING LIN
- Department of Sports Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - CHENG-HSIEN LU
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Taiwan
| | - LISA LI-CHEN HSIEH
- Department of Rehabilitation, College of Health Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - SHUN-SHENG CHEN
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Taiwan
| | - WEN-NENG CHANG
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Taiwan
| | - KU-CHOU CHANG
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Taiwan
| | - TSU-KUNG LIN
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Taiwan
| | - NAI-WEN TSAI
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Taiwan
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Lee KYT, Hui-Chan CWY, Tsang WWN. The effects of practicing sitting Tai Chi on balance control and eye-hand coordination in the older adults: a randomized controlled trial. Disabil Rehabil 2014; 37:790-4. [DOI: 10.3109/09638288.2014.942003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Hackney ME, Wolf SL. Impact of Tai Chi Chu'an Practice on Balance and Mobility in Older Adults. J Geriatr Phys Ther 2014; 37:127-35. [DOI: 10.1519/jpt.0b013e3182abe784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Lee KYT, Jones AYM, Hui-Chan CWY, Tsang WWN. Kinematics and energy expenditure of sitting t'ai chi. J Altern Complement Med 2011; 17:665-8. [PMID: 21732800 DOI: 10.1089/acm.2011.0147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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